EQLS 2007 Survey Results

Q28_1 I am optimistic about the future

Gender

Q28_1 I am optimistic about the future
		Agree or strongly agree	Neither agree nor disagree	Disagree or strongly disagree	Don't know	N=
AT (Austria)	Male	58.1	28.4	11.8	1.7	472
	Female	65.8	23.4	10.4	0.4	571
	Both	63.5	25.2	11.1	0.2	1043
BE (Belgium)	Male	58.3	20.9	20.1	0.8	468
	Female	73.3	11.2	15.2	0.3	542
	Both	74	11.8	14.1	0.2	1010
BG (Bulgaria)	Male	43	31.1	23.9	2	442
	Female	26.2	28.3	42.9	2.7	588
	Both	28.1	29.6	39.7	2.5	1030
CY (Cyprus)	Male	49.7	24.8	25.2	0.3	433
	Female	44.3	17.7	37.8	0.2	570
	Both	42.9	18.4	38.6	0.1	1003
CZ (Czech Republic)	Male	52.8	23.4	23.4	0.4	465
	Female	47.3	29.7	23	0.0	762
	Both	49.8	27.1	23	0.1	1227
DE (Germany)	Male	60.9	18.4	20.5	0.2	917
	Female	69.3	11.6	19	0.1	1091
	Both	69.1	11.7	19.1	0	2008
DK (Denmark)	Male	84.4	11.1	4.2	0.3	449
	Female	81.2	11.7	6.9	0.2	555
	Both	79.2	11.6	9	0.2	1004
EE (Estonia)	Male	68.5	23.7	7.8	0.0	405
	Female	49.8	23.1	26.4	0.7	618
	Both	48.7	25.2	25.5	0.5	1023
GR (Greece)	Male	52.2	29.1	18.7	0.0	436
	Female	38.2	26.4	35.4	0.0	564
	Both	39.5	29.7	30.9	0.0	1000
ES (Spain)	Male	72.8	18.9	8.3	0.0	499
	Female	62.8	23.5	13.1	0.7	516
	Both	66.8	21.7	11	0.5	1015
FI (Finland)	Male	76.9	15.4	7.5	0.3	464
	Female	81.5	10.8	7.6	0.0	538
	Both	78	12.1	9.7	0.1	1002
FR (France)	Male	48	19	32.1	1	634
	Female	66.7	11.8	21.4	0.2	903
	Both	65.7	12.9	21.1	0.4	1537
HR (Croatia)	Male	57	23.1	19.1	0.8	388
	Female	33.6	30	35.5	0.8	612
	Both	34.1	27.3	37.4	1.2	1000
HU (Hungary)	Male	35.5	34.5	29.5	0.6	387
	Female	28.3	29.5	41.6	0.6	613
	Both	28.6	31.5	39.2	0.6	1000
IE (Ireland)	Male	76.7	10.1	12.2	0.9	401
	Female	72.5	13.4	12.6	1.5	599
	Both	71.6	12.2	14.7	1.4	1000
IT (Italy)	Male	35.6	36.8	26.8	0.7	537
	Female	47.3	27.4	24.9	0.3	979
	Both	47.8	29.7	22.4	0.2	1516
LT (Lithuania)	Male	58.1	28.1	12.8	1	378
	Female	30.6	26	42.9	0.5	626
	Both	31.9	28.1	39.8	0.2	1004
LU (Luxembourg)	Male	58.2	20.7	20.8	0.3	427
	Female	70.1	13.1	16.1	0.8	577
	Both	71.4	12.5	15.1	1	1004
LV (Latvia)	Male	59.1	22.5	17.3	1.1	383
	Female	29.2	23.6	46.5	0.7	619
	Both	29.3	25	45	0.8	1002
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Male	58.6	20.9	19.4	1.1	482
	Female	22.3	23.5	50.5	3.7	526
	Both	24.6	23.9	48.4	3.1	1008
MT (Malta)	Male	63.9	20.4	9.4	6.3	501
	Female	64.2	17.3	17.3	1.3	499
	Both	66.5	17.1	15.3	1	1000
NL (Netherlands)	Male	72	16.3	11.1	0.6	481
	Female	78.8	9.7	11.6	0.0	530
	Both	79.9	10.1	10	0	1011
NO (Norway)	Male	81.1	14.7	4.1	0.1	467
	Female	78.3	14.5	7.1	0.1	533
	Both	77.4	14.8	7.6	0.3	1000
PL (Poland)	Male	68.5	16	15.2	0.3	608
	Female	44.1	20.7	34	1.2	892
	Both	48.5	20.4	29.9	1.2	1500
PT (Portugal)	Male	37.6	26.9	34.7	0.8	477
	Female	38	26.4	34.9	0.6	523
	Both	39.4	28.4	31.7	0.5	1000
RO (Romania)	Male	57.7	27.7	13.8	0.8	473
	Female	31.1	29.8	35.7	3.4	527
	Both	32.7	30.9	34	2.4	1000
SE (Sweden)	Male	82.1	11.4	6.1	0.4	495
	Female	86.6	3.3	10.1	0.0	522
	Both	86.5	3.6	9.9	0.1	1017
SI (Slovenia)	Male	66.3	21.7	11.4	0.6	428
	Female	57.4	22.7	19.6	0.4	607
	Both	57.3	23.5	19.1	0.2	1035
SK (Slovakia)	Male	44.4	33.2	21.4	0.9	439
	Female	46.8	29	23.6	0.6	689
	Both	48.6	29.4	21.4	0.5	1128
TR (Turkey)	Male	52.8	16.1	29.2	1.9	878
	Female	31	25	39.2	4.8	1122
	Both	32.3	25.2	39.4	3.2	2000
UK (United Kingdom)	Male	58.5	20.5	20.8	0.3	648
	Female	66	14.1	19.4	0.4	859
	Both	66.3	12.8	20.6	0.3	1507
CC3	Male	53.3	16.7	28.2	1.8	1748
	Female	31	25.3	39.3	4.4	2260
	Both	32.2	25.3	39.6	3	4008
EU 15	Male	56.9	21.9	20.7	0.5	7805
	Female	63.8	16.6	19.3	0.3	9869
	Both	64.2	17	18.6	0.2	17674
NMS12	Male	57.6	23.8	17.9	0.7	5342
	Female	38.6	25.6	34.3	1.5	7610
	Both	41.1	26	31.7	1.3	12952
EU 27	Male	57.1	22.3	20.1	0.5	13147
	Female	58.3	18.6	22.6	0.5	17479
	Both	59.3	18.9	21.4	0.5	30626

Age

Q28_1 I am optimistic about the future
		Agree or strongly agree	Neither agree nor disagree	Disagree or strongly disagree	Don't know	N=
AT (Austria)	18-34	70.6	17.5	11	0.9	309
	35-49	60	28.6	9.1	2.2	350
	50-64	55	31.5	10.9	2.6	230
	65+	38.9	40.8	19.1	1.2	154
BE (Belgium)	18-34	63.6	20.8	15.4	0.3	210
	35-49	51.8	24.8	22.9	0.6	317
	50-64	42.6	24.9	32.1	0.5	262
	65+	41.3	33.7	23.5	1.4	221
BG (Bulgaria)	18-34	62.3	26	11.2	0.4	235
	35-49	52.7	26.5	19.4	1.4	236
	50-64	26	32.8	36.9	4.3	305
	65+	21.3	28.7	48.5	1.5	254
CY (Cyprus)	18-34	70	16.7	12.8	0.5	205
	35-49	43.7	29	26.4	0.8	223
	50-64	42.1	26.5	30.8	0.6	322
	65+	36.5	27.9	33.4	2.3	253
CZ (Czech Republic)	18-34	63.5	21.7	14.8	0.0	298
	35-49	47.6	31	21.4	0.0	332
	50-64	38	29.1	32.1	0.8	399
	65+	31.9	23.7	44.4	0.0	198
DE (Germany)	18-34	71.7	12.2	15.5	0.6	431
	35-49	53.8	19.1	26.9	0.2	595
	50-64	52.8	20.4	26.7	0.1	453
	65+	55.2	19.8	24.3	0.7	529
DK (Denmark)	18-34	88.2	8.1	3.7	0.0	183
	35-49	87.1	12.2	0.7	0.0	257
	50-64	83.4	11	5.3	0.4	289
	65+	76.6	16.1	6.7	0.6	275
EE (Estonia)	18-34	79	14.2	6.3	0.4	235
	35-49	63.2	27.3	9.5	0.0	202
	50-64	63	27.6	9.4	0.0	253
	65+	62.1	29.8	7.7	0.4	333
GR (Greece)	18-34	67.2	18.8	14	0.0	289
	35-49	53.3	31	15.7	0.0	260
	50-64	43.1	36.7	20.2	0.0	187
	65+	38.2	33.9	27.8	0.2	264
ES (Spain)	18-34	74.1	16.5	8.8	0.6	286
	35-49	71.5	20.6	7.8	0.1	275
	50-64	66.6	22.4	11	0.0	194
	65+	53.2	31	15.6	0.2	260
FI (Finland)	18-34	84	12.9	3.1	0.0	183
	35-49	80.3	11.9	7.7	0.0	232
	50-64	75.8	16.6	7.7	0.0	324
	65+	61.5	28.8	8.8	0.9	263
FR (France)	18-34	51.9	22.4	25.1	0.6	353
	35-49	41.9	16.1	41.5	0.4	416
	50-64	35.1	22.7	41.6	0.6	401
	65+	42.4	18	38.4	1.2	367
HR (Croatia)	18-34	74.3	16.8	8.1	0.8	245
	35-49	53.6	26.7	19.7	0.0	229
	50-64	44.4	30.2	24.8	0.5	266
	65+	44.1	25.4	26.3	4.2	260
HU (Hungary)	18-34	46.1	30.3	23.5	0.2	241
	35-49	25.7	38.7	35.3	0.3	234
	50-64	28	32.1	39.4	0.5	264
	65+	26.5	33.6	37.9	2	261
IE (Ireland)	18-34	80.1	8.8	10.4	0.8	288
	35-49	81.3	10.1	8.4	0.2	305
	50-64	78	9.9	11.9	0.2	239
	65+	66.7	16.2	11.4	5.7	168
IT (Italy)	18-34	47.6	28.2	23.3	0.8	388
	35-49	29.3	39.6	29.9	1.2	600
	50-64	33.9	35.3	30.2	0.6	347
	65+	32.1	35	32	0.9	181
LT (Lithuania)	18-34	65.3	25.5	7.7	1.5	228
	35-49	56.2	31.1	12.3	0.4	238
	50-64	54.6	27.9	17.5	0.0	228
	65+	45.5	34.9	19.6	0.0	310
LU (Luxembourg)	18-34	62.8	15	22.2	0.0	176
	35-49	54.7	26	18.6	0.7	339
	50-64	54.5	21	23.4	1.2	266
	65+	53.9	16.8	27.6	1.7	223
LV (Latvia)	18-34	71.5	17.8	10.3	0.4	326
	35-49	57.9	25.5	15.2	1.4	297
	50-64	49.7	25.4	24.7	0.2	187
	65+	41.6	30.1	26.5	1.8	192
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	18-34	68.8	15	14.8	1.4	290
	35-49	52.3	23.4	22.6	1.6	297
	50-64	46.8	26.7	25.8	0.7	246
	65+	49.8	22.2	22.1	5.8	175
MT (Malta)	18-34	67.3	20.1	8.7	3.9	258
	35-49	58.1	24.4	11.4	6.1	243
	50-64	54.6	22.3	12.9	10.1	300
	65+	44.7	26.6	15.4	13.3	199
NL (Netherlands)	18-34	83.7	11.3	4.9	0.0	138
	35-49	71.3	18.3	9	1.4	345
	50-64	68.8	18.9	11.9	0.4	321
	65+	56.4	19.3	24.3	0.0	207
NO (Norway)	18-34	91.4	5.9	2.7	0.0	202
	35-49	87.2	10.5	2.1	0.2	295
	50-64	73.8	19.3	6.5	0.5	276
	65+	59.5	28.6	11.1	0.9	227
PL (Poland)	18-34	74.4	14.5	10.4	0.8	392
	35-49	66.1	15.5	17.9	0.5	383
	50-64	55.4	20.1	23	1.4	421
	65+	49.7	24.1	24.6	1.5	304
PT (Portugal)	18-34	49.5	24.2	26.3	0.0	280
	35-49	34.3	26.8	37.7	1.2	270
	50-64	29.5	32.1	37.6	0.9	247
	65+	21	34	43.5	1.5	203
RO (Romania)	18-34	68.3	24.6	7.1	0.0	254
	35-49	54.5	30.6	14	0.8	276
	50-64	48.4	26.1	24.2	1.3	273
	65+	30.1	36.7	27.5	5.8	197
SE (Sweden)	18-34	90.1	8.9	0.5	0.5	152
	35-49	89.9	4.7	5.1	0.3	288
	50-64	81.2	8.7	9.7	0.4	334
	65+	73.1	16.5	10.4	0.0	243
SI (Slovenia)	18-34	71.8	16.2	11.3	0.6	277
	35-49	59.5	25.3	14.6	0.6	203
	50-64	57.3	22.7	18	2	275
	65+	58.4	25.6	14.2	1.9	280
SK (Slovakia)	18-34	52.8	27.5	18.6	1	258
	35-49	39.7	39.7	20.4	0.2	294
	50-64	34.1	36	29.5	0.5	361
	65+	26.9	33	36.2	3.9	215
TR (Turkey)	18-34	51.8	17.5	29.1	1.7	919
	35-49	48.6	18.3	29.8	3.3	588
	50-64	52.2	15.1	26.1	6.6	317
	65+	41.9	20.1	29.4	8.6	176
UK (United Kingdom)	18-34	74.7	18.9	6.4	0.0	330
	35-49	54.7	24.8	20.3	0.2	376
	50-64	50.3	24.3	25	0.3	358
	65+	43	23.1	32.1	1.7	443
CC3	18-34	53.2	17.4	27.8	1.6	1454
	35-49	49.1	19.1	28.8	3	1114
	50-64	51.2	17.2	25.9	5.7	829
	65+	42.6	20.9	28.6	7.8	611
EU 15	18-34	66	18.6	14.9	0.5	3996
	35-49	53	22.9	23.6	0.5	5225
	50-64	49.7	24.2	25.7	0.4	4452
	65+	46.5	25.2	27.4	0.9	4001
NMS12	18-34	67	20.7	11.7	0.5	3207
	35-49	54.5	26	19	0.6	3161
	50-64	46.1	25.7	26.8	1.4	3588
	65+	37.8	29.2	30.6	2.4	2996
EU 27	18-34	66.3	19.1	14.2	0.5	7203
	35-49	53.3	23.5	22.7	0.5	8386
	50-64	48.9	24.6	25.9	0.6	8040
	65+	44.9	25.9	28	1.2	6997

Income

Q28_1 I am optimistic about the future
		Agree or strongly agree	Neither agree nor disagree	Disagree or strongly disagree	Don't know	N=
AT (Austria)	Lowest	50.6	27	21.1	1.3	144
	Low	57.9	30.2	10.7	1.3	142
	High	65.2	28	4.2	2.7	139
	Highest	74.9	19.9	4.9	0.3	147
BE (Belgium)	Lowest	39.8	25.9	33	1.4	185
	Low	41.4	30.8	26.4	1.4	183
	High	53.5	27	19.5	0.0	183
	Highest	63.5	23	13.1	0.5	184
BG (Bulgaria)	Lowest	28.4	24.9	44.1	2.5	185
	Low	23	32.5	43.3	1.2	186
	High	42.7	33.9	23.1	0.3	189
	Highest	57.6	28.1	13.4	0.8	186
CY (Cyprus)	Lowest	44.4	27.2	26.5	2	185
	Low	38.8	23.4	36.6	1.2	190
	High	51.1	22.8	25.4	0.7	214
	Highest	58.6	24.4	17.1	0.0	179
CZ (Czech Republic)	Lowest	41.3	20.8	37.9	0.0	200
	Low	41.1	27.7	31.3	0.0	194
	High	47	27.1	25.6	0.4	191
	Highest	60.5	24.4	15.2	0.0	202
DE (Germany)	Lowest	49.5	19.9	29.9	0.7	358
	Low	51.5	17.7	30.4	0.4	344
	High	60.8	14.8	23.7	0.7	375
	Highest	65.9	17.6	16.5	0.0	360
DK (Denmark)	Lowest	77.7	15.6	6.5	0.2	210
	Low	88.1	8.9	2.8	0.2	195
	High	88.8	8.3	2.7	0.2	206
	Highest	85.5	10.5	4	0.0	200
EE (Estonia)	Lowest	60.9	29.4	9.7	0.0	212
	Low	66.3	28.1	5.7	0.0	209
	High	70.8	20.3	8.3	0.6	210
	Highest	73.2	20.5	6.3	0.0	210
GR (Greece)	Lowest	42	34.8	23.3	0.0	185
	Low	56	24.5	19.3	0.2	176
	High	52.3	27.5	20.2	0.0	184
	Highest	57.6	30.6	11.8	0.0	181
ES (Spain)	Lowest	69.2	13.3	17.2	0.4	126
	Low	64.8	22	13.3	0.0	125
	High	65	27.1	7.8	0.0	128
	Highest	77.9	15.8	6.4	0.0	127
FI (Finland)	Lowest	67.3	23	9	0.6	201
	Low	72.6	18.4	9.1	0.0	200
	High	78.2	14.6	7.2	0.0	185
	Highest	83.7	13.2	3.1	0.0	216
FR (France)	Lowest	40.6	18.7	39.9	0.8	293
	Low	42.5	17.4	39.8	0.3	293
	High	43.8	18.6	37	0.6	294
	Highest	45	22.6	32	0.4	293
HR (Croatia)	Lowest	40.8	29.6	27.5	2.1	214
	Low	57.9	22.4	18.7	1.1	212
	High	59.8	24.8	15.4	0.0	214
	Highest	60	24.4	14.7	1	213
HU (Hungary)	Lowest	19.4	35.9	44.1	0.5	172
	Low	29.9	33.9	35	1.2	201
	High	36.8	33.8	28.8	0.6	186
	Highest	44.2	28.8	26.5	0.5	183
IE (Ireland)	Lowest	70.7	10.4	17.5	1.4	118
	Low	79.5	8.9	8.9	2.7	119
	High	85.8	6	7.8	0.4	121
	Highest	83.2	8.6	7.6	0.6	117
IT (Italy)	Lowest	37.7	30.5	30.1	1.6	125
	Low	34.9	34.5	30.6	0.0	123
	High	27.7	39.5	32.8	0.0	130
	Highest	46.7	30.4	22.9	0.0	120
LT (Lithuania)	Lowest	49.4	29.2	18.6	2.7	218
	Low	51	29.1	19.9	0.0	217
	High	54.7	32.2	13.1	0.0	219
	Highest	69.1	24.4	6.5	0.0	218
LU (Luxembourg)	Lowest	61.1	10.7	26.1	2.1	142
	Low	51.1	22.1	26.2	0.6	141
	High	53.4	22.3	24.3	0.0	140
	Highest	63.2	12.2	23.4	1.2	144
LV (Latvia)	Lowest	43.3	30.7	25.9	0.0	179
	Low	53.6	23	23.4	0.0	182
	High	63.1	25.6	11	0.3	176
	Highest	66.7	16.6	16.5	0.2	180
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Lowest	49.5	24.2	24.2	2.2	219
	Low	54.9	21.4	22.1	1.5	221
	High	58.7	24	16.1	1.2	221
	Highest	64.1	16.5	18.4	1	218
MT (Malta)	Lowest	42.9	29.4	19	8.7	153
	Low	62.6	24.8	7.3	5.3	152
	High	67.9	18.5	13.6	0.0	153
	Highest	79.4	15.4	4.7	0.4	154
NL (Netherlands)	Lowest	58.7	20.6	20.4	0.3	201
	Low	68.3	19.2	12	0.5	201
	High	76.1	13.5	9.7	0.7	204
	Highest	82	11	5.8	1.1	199
NO (Norway)	Lowest	73.5	21.7	4.5	0.3	214
	Low	81.9	12.8	4.8	0.5	220
	High	78.5	14.1	7.2	0.3	225
	Highest	87.9	9.1	2.9	0.0	213
PL (Poland)	Lowest	53	19.4	26.2	1.4	263
	Low	59.2	20	20.4	0.4	276
	High	66.6	16.3	16.3	0.9	259
	Highest	74.5	13.6	11.8	0.0	267
PT (Portugal)	Lowest	21.7	29.1	48.4	0.8	106
	Low	41.9	24.9	31.9	1.4	104
	High	22.9	32.4	44.6	0.0	104
	Highest	36.1	29.9	34	0.0	105
RO (Romania)	Lowest	35.4	35.2	26	3.4	194
	Low	44.3	31.5	22.2	1.9	194
	High	57.8	25.3	15.9	1.1	190
	Highest	74.8	14.9	9.6	0.7	198
SE (Sweden)	Lowest	79	12.6	8	0.4	236
	Low	82.7	11.3	5	1	235
	High	88.2	7.2	4.7	0.0	244
	Highest	88.6	5.7	5.7	0.0	227
SI (Slovenia)	Lowest	59.7	22.3	16.2	1.8	187
	Low	58.9	27.2	12.8	1.1	169
	High	65.7	23.7	10.1	0.5	175
	Highest	73.5	16.7	9.5	0.3	182
SK (Slovakia)	Lowest	29.1	36.8	34.1	0.0	192
	Low	32.9	31.2	34	1.9	193
	High	36.8	41.2	21.6	0.4	191
	Highest	49.7	33.9	15.9	0.5	194
TR (Turkey)	Lowest	39.5	19.5	35.8	5.1	403
	Low	51.2	17.4	28.4	3	400
	High	54.9	20	24.6	0.5	413
	Highest	59.7	11.5	26.3	2.5	391
UK (United Kingdom)	Lowest	55.2	22.8	21.5	0.5	205
	Low	53.7	25.5	20.5	0.3	203
	High	59.3	18.4	22	0.3	202
	Highest	65.9	20.8	13.4	0.0	209
CC3	Lowest	39.9	20.4	34.9	4.8	836
	Low	51.8	17.8	27.5	2.8	833
	High	55.4	20.5	23.6	0.5	848
	Highest	59.9	12.8	25	2.3	822
EU 15	Lowest	51	21	27.3	0.7	2835
	Low	52.9	21.1	25.6	0.4	2784
	High	56.9	20	22.7	0.4	2839
	Highest	63.5	19.5	16.8	0.2	2829
NMS12	Lowest	41.6	26.8	29.9	1.7	2340
	Low	46.9	26.8	25.4	0.9	2363
	High	55.7	24.9	18.7	0.7	2353
	Highest	67.5	19.1	13.1	0.3	2353
EU 27	Lowest	48.6	22.4	28	1	5175
	Low	51.5	22.4	25.5	0.5	5147
	High	56.6	21.2	21.8	0.5	5192
	Highest	64.5	19.4	15.9	0.2	5182

Page last updated 24 March 2009

^Back to top of page