EWCS 2010 Survey Results

Are you exposed to chemical products or substances?(q23g)

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Gender

Are you exposed to chemical products or substances?(q23g) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Gender	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Male	13.9	16.0	13.5	12.4
	Female	5.2	3.4	10.3	10.5
	Total	10.4	10.7	12.1	11.6
BG (Bulgaria)	Male	.	20.2	15.6	16.8
	Female	.	9.4	14.7	8.2
	Total	.	15.0	15.2	12.8
CZ (Czech Republic)	Male	.	15.6	18.4	15.8
	Female	.	12.3	11.6	12.3
	Total	.	14.1	15.5	14.3
DK (Denmark)	Male	11.1	10.0	10.5	9.4
	Female	8.0	6.9	9.8	5.1
	Total	9.7	8.6	10.2	7.4
DE (Germany)	Male	12.5	14.4	18.5	19.1
	Female	8.2	8.9	12.0	17.6
	Total	10.6	12.0	15.5	18.4
EE (Estonia)	Male	.	17.4	18.7	12.6
	Female	.	10.5	13.0	17.1
	Total	.	14.1	15.9	14.9
EL (Greece)	Male	36.6	30.6	21.7	21.5
	Female	19.3	17.1	12.6	14.7
	Total	30.4	25.6	18.2	18.8
ES (Spain)	Male	17.9	18.0	17.4	13.2
	Female	11.5	14.9	7.9	13.0
	Total	15.7	16.9	13.7	13.1
FR (France)	Male	20.0	21.0	18.8	23.3
	Female	7.9	8.9	14.0	13.9
	Total	14.6	15.6	16.6	18.8
IE (Ireland)	Male	21.5	22.0	14.5	18.2
	Female	11.2	9.6	7.5	12.8
	Total	17.5	17.0	11.5	15.7
IT (Italy)	Male	14.6	15.5	12.8	16.9
	Female	7.5	7.6	10.1	9.9
	Total	12.0	12.6	11.7	14.1
CY (Cyprus)	Male	.	26.2	13.9	14.9
	Female	.	12.8	4.1	11.2
	Total	.	20.5	9.6	13.3
LV (Latvia)	Male	.	17.7	20.0	16.2
	Female	.	11.0	13.0	16.5
	Total	.	14.4	16.5	16.4
LT (Lithuania)	Male	.	11.7	23.7	17.2
	Female	.	9.1	16.0	14.3
	Total	.	10.4	19.9	15.7
LU (Luxembourg)	Male	16.5	14.8	7.6	17.3
	Female	6.3	5.2	14.8	17.1
	Total	12.9	11.1	10.5	17.2
HU (Hungary)	Male	.	21.1	20.3	20.4
	Female	.	9.6	11.7	18.6
	Total	.	15.9	16.4	19.6
MT (Malta)	Male	.	13.5	19.8	14.4
	Female	.	6.1	11.8	8.4
	Total	.	11.3	17.3	12.4
NL (Netherlands)	Male	14.4	13.4	9.3	7.8
	Female	7.1	7.0	8.0	6.2
	Total	11.4	10.7	8.7	7.1
AT (Austria)	Male	21.4	17.7	14.6	17.4
	Female	8.1	7.3	10.2	17.5
	Total	15.4	13.2	12.6	17.5
PL (Poland)	Male	.	18.4	22.5	17.2
	Female	.	8.6	12.1	9.8
	Total	.	13.9	17.8	13.9
PT (Portugal)	Male	15.0	16.7	16.4	13.1
	Female	9.7	8.9	12.1	10.1
	Total	12.6	13.2	14.4	11.7
RO (Romania)	Male	.	17.5	19.3	9.9
	Female	.	13.6	13.6	8.5
	Total	.	15.7	16.7	9.3
SI (Slovenia)	Male	.	22.8	21.5	19.0
	Female	.	10.3	17.7	16.0
	Total	.	17.1	19.8	17.6
SK (Slovakia)	Male	.	22.4	22.9	17.2
	Female	.	12.0	10.5	11.5
	Total	.	17.6	17.3	14.7
FI (Finland)	Male	19.9	20.5	25.4	23.3
	Female	13.8	12.1	21.1	25.4
	Total	17.0	16.5	23.3	24.3
SE (Sweden)	Male	22.8	17.4	16.8	19.6
	Female	10.9	9.7	15.1	13.0
	Total	17.1	13.7	16.0	16.4
UK (United Kingdom)	Male	19.5	25.3	13.8	16.5
	Female	11.2	13.6	9.6	13.8
	Total	15.7	19.9	11.8	15.2
HR (Croatia)	Male	.	.	19.0	16.6
	Female	.	.	14.1	14.9
	Total	.	.	16.8	15.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Male	.	.	.	19.8
	Female	.	.	.	17.0
	Total	.	.	.	18.7
TR (Turkey)	Male	.	.	18.2	22.2
	Female	.	.	15.3	12.9
	Total	.	.	17.4	19.7
NO (Norway)	Male	.	.	17.0	16.0
	Female	.	.	7.8	9.1
	Total	.	.	12.6	12.7
AL (Albania)	Male	.	.	.	15.5
	Female	.	.	.	13.4
	Total	.	.	.	14.6
XK (Kosovo)	Male	.	.	.	17.6
	Female	.	.	.	14.5
	Total	.	.	.	16.8
ME (Montenegro)	Male	.	.	.	13.7
	Female	.	.	.	16.3
	Total	.	.	.	14.8
CH (Switzerland)	Male	.	.	15.4	.
	Female	.	.	11.2	.
	Total	.	.	13.5	.
EC12	Male	16.7	18.4	15.9	17.2
	Female	9.1	10.1	10.9	13.4
	Total	13.6	14.9	13.7	15.5
EU15	Male	17.0	18.4	16.0	17.3
	Female	9.2	10.1	11.1	13.7
	Total	13.8	14.9	13.9	15.7
EU27	Male	.	18.4	16.9	17.0
	Female	.	10.2	11.4	13.2
	Total	.	14.8	14.5	15.3

Age

Are you exposed to chemical products or substances?(q23g) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Age	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Under 30	14.2	12.2	11.6	11.8
	30 to 49	9.7	10.1	12.9	10.8
	50+	7.0	10.7	10.3	13.2
	Total	10.4	10.7	12.1	11.6
BG (Bulgaria)	Under 30	.	8.8	13.1	16.8
	30 to 49	.	16.7	15.8	13.5
	50+	.	16.5	15.5	9.3
	Total	.	15.0	15.2	12.8
CZ (Czech Republic)	Under 30	.	13.9	15.9	15.3
	30 to 49	.	12.6	15.0	15.0
	50+	.	18.1	16.0	12.2
	Total	.	14.1	15.5	14.3
DK (Denmark)	Under 30	7.9	12.9	12.2	12.4
	30 to 49	10.4	7.8	8.9	7.1
	50+	10.4	5.5	10.7	4.1
	Total	9.7	8.6	10.2	7.4
DE (Germany)	Under 30	19.2	12.9	15.0	20.9
	30 to 49	8.6	12.0	16.8	17.6
	50+	6.5	11.2	13.2	18.0
	Total	10.6	12.0	15.5	18.4
EE (Estonia)	Under 30	.	13.2	14.7	14.5
	30 to 49	.	15.2	18.0	15.0
	50+	.	12.7	12.7	15.1
	Total	.	14.1	15.9	14.9
EL (Greece)	Under 30	23.9	19.4	14.8	15.4
	30 to 49	27.2	23.5	19.5	17.8
	50+	41.5	36.3	18.3	23.2
	Total	30.4	25.6	18.2	18.8
ES (Spain)	Under 30	17.1	17.9	17.0	10.3
	30 to 49	14.7	16.7	12.0	14.6
	50+	16.6	15.8	14.2	11.9
	Total	15.7	16.9	13.7	13.1
FR (France)	Under 30	13.6	16.4	19.0	21.0
	30 to 49	13.6	17.1	14.4	18.2
	50+	19.6	10.3	19.6	18.4
	Total	14.6	15.6	16.6	18.8
IE (Ireland)	Under 30	15.9	15.3	12.3	19.8
	30 to 49	17.8	19.7	11.3	15.6
	50+	19.7	13.0	10.9	12.3
	Total	17.5	17.0	11.5	15.7
IT (Italy)	Under 30	15.3	11.9	13.0	11.5
	30 to 49	9.9	12.9	12.8	13.4
	50+	14.3	12.5	7.9	16.8
	Total	12.0	12.6	11.7	14.1
CY (Cyprus)	Under 30	.	14.7	8.8	16.7
	30 to 49	.	21.6	9.5	11.8
	50+	.	23.7	10.8	13.3
	Total	.	20.5	9.6	13.3
LV (Latvia)	Under 30	.	13.9	11.8	13.1
	30 to 49	.	16.8	18.8	15.9
	50+	.	9.3	16.0	19.8
	Total	.	14.4	16.5	16.4
LT (Lithuania)	Under 30	.	10.5	18.9	11.5
	30 to 49	.	9.4	19.2	17.7
	50+	.	12.7	22.6	14.7
	Total	.	10.4	19.9	15.7
LU (Luxembourg)	Under 30	12.2	11.5	15.7	21.2
	30 to 49	13.2	10.5	9.0	15.7
	50+	12.6	12.7	11.3	18.5
	Total	12.9	11.1	10.5	17.2
HU (Hungary)	Under 30	.	18.1	14.2	20.8
	30 to 49	.	16.1	18.1	20.4
	50+	.	12.3	14.6	16.9
	Total	.	15.9	16.4	19.6
MT (Malta)	Under 30	.	6.1	16.3	14.8
	30 to 49	.	14.1	19.3	11.2
	50+	.	14.4	14.2	11.5
	Total	.	11.3	17.3	12.4
NL (Netherlands)	Under 30	13.1	11.3	7.8	9.5
	30 to 49	11.0	12.1	9.8	6.0
	50+	9.2	5.7	7.4	6.9
	Total	11.4	10.7	8.7	7.1
AT (Austria)	Under 30	16.2	11.8	14.6	19.5
	30 to 49	14.4	13.6	12.2	17.0
	50+	17.3	13.7	10.9	16.7
	Total	15.4	13.2	12.6	17.5
PL (Poland)	Under 30	.	13.0	16.7	13.0
	30 to 49	.	14.4	18.5	14.0
	50+	.	13.7	16.6	14.6
	Total	.	13.9	17.8	13.9
PT (Portugal)	Under 30	11.7	13.0	11.3	9.1
	30 to 49	13.7	12.4	15.6	11.3
	50+	11.6	14.9	14.8	13.7
	Total	12.6	13.2	14.4	11.7
RO (Romania)	Under 30	.	9.6	15.7	6.6
	30 to 49	.	16.9	19.0	8.9
	50+	.	18.0	11.6	11.8
	Total	.	15.7	16.7	9.3
SI (Slovenia)	Under 30	.	14.4	17.2	14.8
	30 to 49	.	18.6	20.1	19.2
	50+	.	15.4	21.9	17.1
	Total	.	17.1	19.8	17.6
SK (Slovakia)	Under 30	.	19.0	16.6	13.2
	30 to 49	.	17.6	17.0	16.2
	50+	.	15.2	19.2	12.7
	Total	.	17.6	17.3	14.7
FI (Finland)	Under 30	23.3	18.7	25.5	31.7
	30 to 49	15.2	15.7	24.4	23.0
	50+	16.2	16.4	20.0	21.5
	Total	17.0	16.5	23.3	24.3
SE (Sweden)	Under 30	18.2	11.9	14.4	16.1
	30 to 49	21.4	15.5	17.5	17.1
	50+	8.5	12.0	14.7	13.8
	Total	17.1	13.7	16.0	16.4
UK (United Kingdom)	Under 30	16.7	17.8	11.1	14.3
	30 to 49	16.3	23.0	12.7	15.8
	50+	13.2	15.7	11.0	15.4
	Total	15.7	19.9	11.8	15.2
HR (Croatia)	Under 30	.	.	18.2	13.1
	30 to 49	.	.	15.6	17.4
	50+	.	.	18.2	15.1
	Total	.	.	16.8	15.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Under 30	.	.	.	14.2
	30 to 49	.	.	.	21.0
	50+	.	.	.	17.6
	Total	.	.	.	18.7
TR (Turkey)	Under 30	.	.	17.8	17.5
	30 to 49	.	.	15.2	21.6
	50+	.	.	22.7	18.9
	Total	.	.	17.4	19.7
NO (Norway)	Under 30	.	.	16.8	16.2
	30 to 49	.	.	11.9	12.9
	50+	.	.	10.8	10.0
	Total	.	.	12.6	12.7
AL (Albania)	Under 30	.	.	.	9.7
	30 to 49	.	.	.	15.4
	50+	.	.	.	16.3
	Total	.	.	.	14.6
XK (Kosovo)	Under 30	.	.	.	15.6
	30 to 49	.	.	.	16.4
	50+	.	.	.	19.1
	Total	.	.	.	16.8
ME (Montenegro)	Under 30	.	.	.	10.0
	30 to 49	.	.	.	15.0
	50+	.	.	.	19.6
	Total	.	.	.	14.8
CH (Switzerland)	Under 30	.	.	20.8	.
	30 to 49	.	.	12.4	.
	50+	.	.	9.9	.
	Total	.	.	13.5	.
EC12	Under 30	16.2	15.0	14.0	15.7
	30 to 49	12.5	15.6	13.9	15.3
	50+	13.3	13.1	12.9	15.8
	Total	13.6	14.9	13.7	15.5
EU15	Under 30	16.4	14.9	14.2	16.0
	30 to 49	12.8	15.5	14.1	15.5
	50+	13.2	13.1	13.1	15.8
	Total	13.8	14.9	13.9	15.7
EU27	Under 30	.	14.5	14.5	15.4
	30 to 49	.	15.5	14.9	15.2
	50+	.	13.6	13.5	15.4
	Total	.	14.8	14.5	15.3

Employment status

Are you exposed to chemical products or substances?(q23g) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Employment status	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Employee: permanent contract	11.8	10.9	10.9	10.7
	Employee: other arrangement	10.4	11.8	4.0	13.1
	Self-employed	5.8	8.7	18.5	14.4
	Total	10.4	10.7	12.1	11.6
BG (Bulgaria)	Employee: permanent contract	.	15.8	14.7	12.4
	Employee: other arrangement	.	14.9	15.1	7.5
	Self-employed	.	12.5	15.7	18.2
	Total	.	15.0	15.2	12.8
CZ (Czech Republic)	Employee: permanent contract	.	15.6	16.0	14.4
	Employee: other arrangement	.	16.7	12.2	13.9
	Self-employed	.	6.7	20.0	16.2
	Total	.	14.1	15.5	14.3
DK (Denmark)	Employee: permanent contract	10.2	7.5	8.7	6.9
	Employee: other arrangement	9.7	13.6	12.1	10.8
	Self-employed	7.1	9.1	15.4	6.5
	Total	9.7	8.6	10.2	7.4
DE (Germany)	Employee: permanent contract	11.3	12.9	14.9	18.8
	Employee: other arrangement	13.4	10.9	18.0	19.4
	Self-employed	5.2	7.9	18.4	14.7
	Total	10.6	12.0	15.5	18.4
EE (Estonia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	13.2	15.6	15.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	18.0	14.9	14.2
	Self-employed	.	16.8	19.4	13.1
	Total	.	14.1	15.9	14.9
EL (Greece)	Employee: permanent contract	25.9	16.9	12.5	10.9
	Employee: other arrangement	24.0	19.1	17.3	20.0
	Self-employed	35.2	35.8	24.5	26.8
	Total	30.4	25.6	18.2	18.8
ES (Spain)	Employee: permanent contract	18.6	18.1	14.3	14.0
	Employee: other arrangement	12.9	16.8	11.7	11.7
	Self-employed	11.4	14.1	14.0	12.0
	Total	15.7	16.9	13.7	13.1
FR (France)	Employee: permanent contract	13.6	14.7	16.3	16.9
	Employee: other arrangement	17.4	15.1	14.3	17.4
	Self-employed	18.1	20.2	23.9	33.0
	Total	14.6	15.6	16.6	18.8
IE (Ireland)	Employee: permanent contract	15.9	16.8	9.7	13.4
	Employee: other arrangement	13.6	14.2	13.6	19.0
	Self-employed	24.8	19.2	12.1	16.4
	Total	17.5	17.0	11.5	15.7
IT (Italy)	Employee: permanent contract	12.5	12.8	11.7	13.9
	Employee: other arrangement	13.2	10.4	11.9	13.5
	Self-employed	9.7	12.9	12.2	15.8
	Total	12.0	12.6	11.7	14.1
CY (Cyprus)	Employee: permanent contract	.	19.0	9.3	9.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	14.7	8.7	9.6
	Self-employed	.	33.5	12.7	27.6
	Total	.	20.5	9.6	13.3
LV (Latvia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	14.8	14.5	17.0
	Employee: other arrangement	.	12.8	16.3	15.6
	Self-employed	.	15.2	37.4	12.3
	Total	.	14.4	16.5	16.4
LT (Lithuania)	Employee: permanent contract	.	10.4	19.3	15.7
	Employee: other arrangement	.	8.9	19.9	14.9
	Self-employed	.	12.7	24.0	18.1
	Total	.	10.4	19.9	15.7
LU (Luxembourg)	Employee: permanent contract	12.1	11.6	10.5	16.5
	Employee: other arrangement	18.6	13.8	9.3	19.5
	Self-employed	10.2	6.1	13.4	18.5
	Total	12.9	11.1	10.5	17.2
HU (Hungary)	Employee: permanent contract	.	15.1	17.0	19.5
	Employee: other arrangement	.	23.9	9.0	17.8
	Self-employed	.	15.8	20.2	19.8
	Total	.	15.9	16.4	19.6
MT (Malta)	Employee: permanent contract	.	10.2	14.5	11.3
	Employee: other arrangement	.	12.6	20.1	13.4
	Self-employed	.	16.7	18.8	14.0
	Total	.	11.3	17.3	12.4
NL (Netherlands)	Employee: permanent contract	11.7	11.9	8.7	6.9
	Employee: other arrangement	13.5	8.1	9.4	7.2
	Self-employed	5.1	5.1	9.0	7.9
	Total	11.4	10.7	8.7	7.1
AT (Austria)	Employee: permanent contract	15.2	13.1	12.7	16.1
	Employee: other arrangement	26.0	15.7	13.5	29.0
	Self-employed	11.3	11.8	11.4	15.5
	Total	15.4	13.2	12.6	17.5
PL (Poland)	Employee: permanent contract	.	11.4	13.2	11.6
	Employee: other arrangement	.	7.6	16.6	13.9
	Self-employed	.	21.3	30.8	20.6
	Total	.	13.9	17.8	13.9
PT (Portugal)	Employee: permanent contract	12.5	14.8	14.7	9.2
	Employee: other arrangement	13.8	12.2	11.6	11.0
	Self-employed	13.2	10.2	14.6	20.4
	Total	12.6	13.2	14.4	11.7
RO (Romania)	Employee: permanent contract	.	17.6	18.8	9.2
	Employee: other arrangement	.	2.6	16.1	8.2
	Self-employed	.	12.7	11.5	8.8
	Total	.	15.7	16.7	9.3
SI (Slovenia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	19.1	18.7	17.5
	Employee: other arrangement	.	5.3	25.3	20.8
	Self-employed	.	26.9	16.2	15.9
	Total	.	17.1	19.8	17.6
SK (Slovakia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	16.5	16.1	15.6
	Employee: other arrangement	.	20.5	22.7	14.0
	Self-employed	.	23.2	19.4	14.2
	Total	.	17.6	17.3	14.7
FI (Finland)	Employee: permanent contract	14.3	14.9	23.4	24.6
	Employee: other arrangement	12.6	14.2	19.9	18.3
	Self-employed	28.8	26.6	27.9	32.5
	Total	17.0	16.5	23.3	24.3
SE (Sweden)	Employee: permanent contract	16.8	13.9	16.8	15.8
	Employee: other arrangement	14.7	9.5	12.3	10.1
	Self-employed	20.6	18.1	15.9	26.7
	Total	17.1	13.7	16.0	16.4
UK (United Kingdom)	Employee: permanent contract	14.6	20.9	10.8	14.4
	Employee: other arrangement	18.7	17.8	14.2	16.5
	Self-employed	19.9	16.4	11.9	19.5
	Total	15.7	19.9	11.8	15.2
HR (Croatia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	15.3	11.6
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	25.8	19.1
	Self-employed	.	.	15.8	30.3
	Total	.	.	16.8	15.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	15.2
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	21.6
	Self-employed	.	.	.	21.0
	Total	.	.	.	18.7
TR (Turkey)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	10.1	20.5
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	10.7	18.2
	Self-employed	.	.	23.4	21.1
	Total	.	.	17.4	19.7
NO (Norway)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	12.4	11.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	9.5	16.2
	Self-employed	.	.	19.0	23.9
	Total	.	.	12.6	12.7
AL (Albania)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	13.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	14.3
	Self-employed	.	.	.	15.4
	Total	.	.	.	14.6
XK (Kosovo)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	13.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	21.6
	Self-employed	.	.	.	14.8
	Total	.	.	.	16.8
ME (Montenegro)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	15.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	14.4
	Self-employed	.	.	.	14.7
	Total	.	.	.	14.8
CH (Switzerland)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	12.5	.
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	17.4	.
	Self-employed	.	.	14.8	.
	Total	.	.	13.5	.
EC12	Employee: permanent contract	13.3	15.1	13.3	15.0
	Employee: other arrangement	14.9	14.2	13.7	15.3
	Self-employed	13.3	14.8	15.5	18.6
	Total	13.6	14.9	13.7	15.5
EU15	Employee: permanent contract	13.5	15.0	13.6	15.2
	Employee: other arrangement	15.1	14.1	13.8	15.5
	Self-employed	13.6	14.9	15.5	18.9
	Total	13.8	14.9	13.9	15.7
EU27	Employee: permanent contract	.	14.9	14.0	14.8
	Employee: other arrangement	.	13.7	14.1	15.1
	Self-employed	.	15.5	16.9	18.3
	Total	.	14.8	14.5	15.3

Industry/services

Are you exposed to chemical products or substances?(q23g) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Industry/services	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Industry	20.6	18.9	21.7	13.6
	Services	5.9	7.5	8.6	10.8
	Total	10.4	10.7	12.1	11.6
BG (Bulgaria)	Industry	.	20.6	20.3	16.7
	Services	.	10.9	11.8	10.5
	Total	.	15.0	15.2	12.8
CZ (Czech Republic)	Industry	.	17.9	25.6	22.8
	Services	.	11.1	8.4	9.5
	Total	.	14.1	15.5	14.3
DK (Denmark)	Industry	12.1	12.1	16.6	7.8
	Services	8.6	7.1	7.9	7.3
	Total	9.7	8.6	10.2	7.4
DE (Germany)	Industry	15.7	19.2	24.9	25.1
	Services	7.6	8.0	10.8	15.6
	Total	10.6	12.0	15.5	18.4
EE (Estonia)	Industry	.	16.6	23.6	18.0
	Services	.	12.3	11.0	13.3
	Total	.	14.1	15.9	14.9
EL (Greece)	Industry	47.2	42.4	31.5	35.4
	Services	17.6	14.4	11.1	10.9
	Total	30.4	25.6	18.2	18.8
ES (Spain)	Industry	19.7	24.2	22.3	17.8
	Services	13.3	12.5	9.0	11.4
	Total	15.7	16.9	13.7	13.1
FR (France)	Industry	25.1	26.6	20.1	26.0
	Services	9.8	10.8	15.2	16.4
	Total	14.6	15.6	16.6	18.8
IE (Ireland)	Industry	26.2	23.5	16.6	25.0
	Services	12.1	13.2	9.1	12.4
	Total	17.5	17.0	11.5	15.7
IT (Italy)	Industry	17.0	23.0	19.4	26.1
	Services	8.8	6.5	7.6	8.6
	Total	12.0	12.6	11.7	14.1
CY (Cyprus)	Industry	.	35.3	20.1	13.4
	Services	.	14.5	5.4	13.2
	Total	.	20.5	9.6	13.3
LV (Latvia)	Industry	.	19.6	18.1	18.7
	Services	.	10.7	15.4	15.3
	Total	.	14.4	16.5	16.4
LT (Lithuania)	Industry	.	13.6	26.3	18.7
	Services	.	7.8	15.3	14.0
	Total	.	10.4	19.9	15.7
LU (Luxembourg)	Industry	30.3	26.0	9.4	23.8
	Services	7.0	6.5	11.0	16.2
	Total	12.9	11.1	10.5	17.2
HU (Hungary)	Industry	.	22.6	17.1	29.6
	Services	.	11.3	16.0	14.1
	Total	.	15.9	16.4	19.6
MT (Malta)	Industry	.	18.7	21.7	24.9
	Services	.	7.7	15.5	8.4
	Total	.	11.3	17.3	12.4
NL (Netherlands)	Industry	20.1	21.6	12.1	16.4
	Services	8.1	7.1	7.7	4.5
	Total	11.4	10.7	8.7	7.1
AT (Austria)	Industry	23.7	21.1	19.1	20.9
	Services	10.3	8.7	9.5	16.1
	Total	15.4	13.2	12.6	17.5
PL (Poland)	Industry	.	21.5	27.4	22.0
	Services	.	6.4	9.0	8.6
	Total	.	13.9	17.8	13.9
PT (Portugal)	Industry	19.6	18.6	19.3	16.4
	Services	7.3	8.5	10.6	8.9
	Total	12.6	13.2	14.4	11.7
RO (Romania)	Industry	.	17.9	17.9	10.4
	Services	.	10.3	14.5	7.3
	Total	.	15.7	16.7	9.3
SI (Slovenia)	Industry	.	25.1	27.2	23.7
	Services	.	9.6	13.5	13.8
	Total	.	17.1	19.8	17.6
SK (Slovakia)	Industry	.	22.2	26.7	23.2
	Services	.	14.0	9.7	9.1
	Total	.	17.6	17.3	14.7
FI (Finland)	Industry	25.5	23.8	32.0	32.8
	Services	12.4	12.7	19.7	21.0
	Total	17.0	16.5	23.3	24.3
SE (Sweden)	Industry	29.3	19.2	24.0	23.2
	Services	12.1	11.7	12.9	14.5
	Total	17.1	13.7	16.0	16.4
UK (United Kingdom)	Industry	20.2	33.3	22.1	23.4
	Services	13.9	15.0	8.5	13.2
	Total	15.7	19.9	11.8	15.2
HR (Croatia)	Industry	.	.	23.9	22.9
	Services	.	.	10.9	11.6
	Total	.	.	16.8	15.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Industry	.	.	.	19.6
	Services	.	.	.	18.0
	Total	.	.	.	18.7
TR (Turkey)	Industry	.	.	23.1	27.1
	Services	.	.	10.1	13.2
	Total	.	.	17.4	19.7
NO (Norway)	Industry	.	.	25.3	25.0
	Services	.	.	8.5	9.5
	Total	.	.	12.6	12.7
AL (Albania)	Industry	.	.	.	17.4
	Services	.	.	.	12.1
	Total	.	.	.	14.6
XK (Kosovo)	Industry	.	.	.	19.3
	Services	.	.	.	15.3
	Total	.	.	.	16.8
ME (Montenegro)	Industry	.	.	.	18.8
	Services	.	.	.	12.9
	Total	.	.	.	14.8
CH (Switzerland)	Industry	.	.	21.2	.
	Services	.	.	10.8	.
	Total	.	.	13.5	.
EC12	Industry	19.9	24.3	21.7	23.4
	Services	10.2	10.2	10.1	12.6
	Total	13.6	14.9	13.7	15.5
EU15	Industry	20.3	24.1	21.8	23.4
	Services	10.3	10.3	10.3	12.9
	Total	13.8	14.9	13.9	15.7
EU27	Industry	.	22.9	22.1	22.2
	Services	.	10.1	10.5	12.4
	Total	.	14.8	14.5	15.3

Type of occupation

Are you exposed to chemical products or substances?(q23g) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Type of occupation	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	High-skilled clerical	5.5	7.9	9.9	9.0
	Low-skilled clerical	4.5	4.4	7.6	8.0
	High-skilled manual	24.0	23.1	29.7	18.8
	Low-skilled manual	18.4	19.4	13.5	18.9
	Total	10.4	10.7	12.1	11.6
BG (Bulgaria)	High-skilled clerical	.	9.9	11.5	4.9
	Low-skilled clerical	.	9.2	9.9	7.4
	High-skilled manual	.	20.7	18.9	28.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	22.7	20.4	15.0
	Total	.	15.0	15.2	12.8
CZ (Czech Republic)	High-skilled clerical	.	7.6	10.2	3.1
	Low-skilled clerical	.	9.8	7.7	8.3
	High-skilled manual	.	23.0	33.4	33.5
	Low-skilled manual	.	18.0	15.3	19.7
	Total	.	14.1	15.5	14.3
DK (Denmark)	High-skilled clerical	6.8	4.5	7.3	3.2
	Low-skilled clerical	6.8	4.8	6.6	5.6
	High-skilled manual	19.9	22.9	20.7	13.3
	Low-skilled manual	11.4	12.6	15.3	14.1
	Total	9.7	8.6	10.2	7.4
DE (Germany)	High-skilled clerical	10.0	7.7	10.8	11.8
	Low-skilled clerical	6.0	7.5	10.3	13.5
	High-skilled manual	18.1	21.2	30.1	33.2
	Low-skilled manual	14.7	18.7	20.1	27.0
	Total	10.6	12.0	15.5	18.4
EE (Estonia)	High-skilled clerical	.	9.1	9.1	7.1
	Low-skilled clerical	.	5.5	11.7	12.7
	High-skilled manual	.	24.3	28.1	24.8
	Low-skilled manual	.	20.1	19.9	21.7
	Total	.	14.1	15.9	14.9
EL (Greece)	High-skilled clerical	18.0	12.5	8.5	5.9
	Low-skilled clerical	11.6	9.5	9.4	8.5
	High-skilled manual	54.0	47.2	34.8	39.8
	Low-skilled manual	25.7	27.6	24.1	28.9
	Total	30.4	25.6	18.2	18.8
ES (Spain)	High-skilled clerical	9.8	6.2	9.1	4.9
	Low-skilled clerical	7.4	13.3	7.2	9.2
	High-skilled manual	29.0	26.8	28.0	24.0
	Low-skilled manual	18.5	21.5	14.8	19.9
	Total	15.7	16.9	13.7	13.1
FR (France)	High-skilled clerical	10.0	5.3	17.5	14.4
	Low-skilled clerical	5.3	8.3	9.3	11.0
	High-skilled manual	35.3	37.9	34.6	41.8
	Low-skilled manual	19.6	21.4	19.0	24.1
	Total	14.6	15.6	16.6	18.8
IE (Ireland)	High-skilled clerical	8.7	15.8	6.1	13.1
	Low-skilled clerical	11.0	8.1	8.0	10.7
	High-skilled manual	34.8	28.8	24.4	33.5
	Low-skilled manual	20.6	26.1	14.7	21.0
	Total	17.5	17.0	11.5	15.7
IT (Italy)	High-skilled clerical	10.1	6.5	2.9	4.4
	Low-skilled clerical	6.7	4.8	10.2	5.8
	High-skilled manual	22.2	26.9	31.3	32.1
	Low-skilled manual	13.5	20.7	15.5	24.5
	Total	12.0	12.6	11.7	14.1
CY (Cyprus)	High-skilled clerical	.	9.2	2.1	7.4
	Low-skilled clerical	.	7.8	6.1	11.6
	High-skilled manual	.	37.7	23.5	20.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	37.8	11.1	17.0
	Total	.	20.5	9.6	13.3
LV (Latvia)	High-skilled clerical	.	6.2	8.6	3.9
	Low-skilled clerical	.	9.6	11.7	15.8
	High-skilled manual	.	25.1	30.9	30.7
	Low-skilled manual	.	18.3	19.0	22.2
	Total	.	14.4	16.5	16.4
LT (Lithuania)	High-skilled clerical	.	5.5	12.9	7.6
	Low-skilled clerical	.	10.8	15.3	12.3
	High-skilled manual	.	14.9	33.2	28.3
	Low-skilled manual	.	9.2	21.2	19.0
	Total	.	10.4	19.9	15.7
LU (Luxembourg)	High-skilled clerical	3.9	2.2	5.1	9.1
	Low-skilled clerical	7.5	7.2	7.4	13.2
	High-skilled manual	29.4	28.6	17.3	35.8
	Low-skilled manual	19.2	16.0	21.6	34.0
	Total	12.9	11.1	10.5	17.2
HU (Hungary)	High-skilled clerical	.	4.5	10.1	7.7
	Low-skilled clerical	.	9.6	15.9	13.6
	High-skilled manual	.	27.6	22.4	38.3
	Low-skilled manual	.	22.7	17.9	24.8
	Total	.	15.9	16.4	19.6
MT (Malta)	High-skilled clerical	.	8.7	8.9	3.4
	Low-skilled clerical	.	9.5	13.9	10.2
	High-skilled manual	.	19.0	38.9	32.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	11.8	17.2	14.4
	Total	.	11.3	17.3	12.4
NL (Netherlands)	High-skilled clerical	8.0	5.5	7.3	3.6
	Low-skilled clerical	6.3	6.5	5.8	3.9
	High-skilled manual	25.3	28.0	20.5	25.2
	Low-skilled manual	19.9	19.5	10.1	12.6
	Total	11.4	10.7	8.7	7.1
AT (Austria)	High-skilled clerical	10.5	12.6	10.5	11.2
	Low-skilled clerical	9.6	5.5	5.5	9.9
	High-skilled manual	28.9	25.6	24.4	29.3
	Low-skilled manual	17.7	16.9	21.7	32.9
	Total	15.4	13.2	12.6	17.5
PL (Poland)	High-skilled clerical	.	3.8	4.9	5.5
	Low-skilled clerical	.	5.8	7.7	8.1
	High-skilled manual	.	24.2	28.1	28.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	19.4	23.6	14.8
	Total	.	13.9	17.8	13.9
PT (Portugal)	High-skilled clerical	6.9	5.8	6.1	6.4
	Low-skilled clerical	4.7	6.1	6.0	4.0
	High-skilled manual	21.4	21.9	25.0	19.5
	Low-skilled manual	18.1	15.6	20.8	19.1
	Total	12.6	13.2	14.4	11.7
RO (Romania)	High-skilled clerical	.	7.8	9.3	3.2
	Low-skilled clerical	.	7.4	9.5	6.8
	High-skilled manual	.	15.2	17.8	15.2
	Low-skilled manual	.	23.3	25.4	11.3
	Total	.	15.7	16.7	9.3
SI (Slovenia)	High-skilled clerical	.	6.6	10.4	9.4
	Low-skilled clerical	.	8.5	12.1	12.2
	High-skilled manual	.	29.0	28.8	28.8
	Low-skilled manual	.	27.8	32.4	28.9
	Total	.	17.1	19.8	17.6
SK (Slovakia)	High-skilled clerical	.	5.9	6.2	5.2
	Low-skilled clerical	.	11.7	11.3	8.8
	High-skilled manual	.	33.9	30.6	31.6
	Low-skilled manual	.	19.9	24.1	18.1
	Total	.	17.6	17.3	14.7
FI (Finland)	High-skilled clerical	9.8	7.5	11.8	15.2
	Low-skilled clerical	9.9	9.0	17.7	15.8
	High-skilled manual	32.3	35.5	45.2	46.2
	Low-skilled manual	25.7	24.8	37.3	42.6
	Total	17.0	16.5	23.3	24.3
SE (Sweden)	High-skilled clerical	8.6	6.4	19.1	10.0
	Low-skilled clerical	10.1	10.6	7.8	14.0
	High-skilled manual	35.0	29.8	34.9	29.5
	Low-skilled manual	32.2	19.7	21.3	25.1
	Total	17.1	13.7	16.0	16.4
UK (United Kingdom)	High-skilled clerical	12.2	17.5	9.4	11.1
	Low-skilled clerical	10.9	11.0	6.1	11.6
	High-skilled manual	34.6	45.2	27.0	31.3
	Low-skilled manual	17.0	28.1	20.8	21.9
	Total	15.7	19.9	11.8	15.2
HR (Croatia)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	8.4	5.6
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	9.6	10.9
	High-skilled manual	.	.	37.5	28.7
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	20.4	21.8
	Total	.	.	16.8	15.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	9.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	13.3
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	31.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	22.2
	Total	.	.	.	18.7
TR (Turkey)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	7.2	12.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	6.6	8.9
	High-skilled manual	.	.	25.1	28.9
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	13.7	23.3
	Total	.	.	17.4	19.7
NO (Norway)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	7.3	9.6
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	8.6	7.8
	High-skilled manual	.	.	28.7	32.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	20.5	21.3
	Total	.	.	12.6	12.7
AL (Albania)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	5.3
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	9.8
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	20.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	18.4
	Total	.	.	.	14.6
XK (Kosovo)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	13.2
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	14.2
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	24.1
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	23.4
	Total	.	.	.	16.8
ME (Montenegro)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	9.6
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	11.5
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	21.9
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	27.2
	Total	.	.	.	14.8
CH (Switzerland)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	10.6	.
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	9.6	.
	High-skilled manual	.	.	24.2	.
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	18.3	.
	Total	.	.	13.5	.
EC12	High-skilled clerical	10.3	9.8	9.1	9.4
	Low-skilled clerical	7.1	8.1	8.5	10.0
	High-skilled manual	27.3	30.0	29.5	31.8
	Low-skilled manual	16.8	21.3	17.9	22.9
	Total	13.6	14.9	13.7	15.5
EU15	High-skilled clerical	10.3	9.7	9.4	9.6
	Low-skilled clerical	7.3	8.2	8.5	10.2
	High-skilled manual	27.6	30.0	29.7	31.8
	Low-skilled manual	17.4	21.2	18.3	23.5
	Total	13.8	14.9	13.9	15.7
EU27	High-skilled clerical	.	9.1	9.2	8.7
	Low-skilled clerical	.	8.1	8.7	10.0
	High-skilled manual	.	27.6	28.0	30.3
	Low-skilled manual	.	21.1	19.2	21.9
	Total	.	14.8	14.5	15.3

Page last updated: 15 November, 2010

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