EWCS 2010 Survey Results

Does your work involve carrying or moving heavy loads? (q24c)

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Gender

Does your work involve carrying or moving heavy loads? (q24c) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Gender	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Male	27.9	35.8	33.8	35.5	39.2
	Female	23.6	25.7	30.1	24.4	22.9
	Total	26.2	31.7	32.2	30.7	31.9
BG (Bulgaria)	Male	.	.	37.9	44.3	45.2
	Female	.	.	20.5	26.5	22.8
	Total	.	.	29.7	36.0	34.7
CZ (Czech Republic)	Male	.	.	41.3	39.7	45.8
	Female	.	.	29.0	20.2	23.2
	Total	.	.	36.0	31.2	36.1
DK (Denmark)	Male	30.1	31.4	30.1	36.8	30.1
	Female	29.3	38.2	30.9	21.7	19.2
	Total	29.7	34.4	30.5	29.8	24.9
DE (Germany)	Male	34.7	35.8	42.4	43.4	38.8
	Female	20.0	25.6	24.8	17.7	19.9
	Total	28.5	31.4	34.7	31.8	30.0
EE (Estonia)	Male	.	.	43.2	54.4	49.8
	Female	.	.	29.7	24.7	32.9
	Total	.	.	36.7	39.7	41.0
EL (Greece)	Male	47.7	47.6	51.3	47.8	51.7
	Female	25.2	24.7	30.7	30.8	28.1
	Total	40.1	39.3	43.6	41.3	42.3
ES (Spain)	Male	36.4	39.3	45.0	48.9	37.5
	Female	19.3	22.6	28.8	28.2	21.8
	Total	30.9	33.5	39.0	40.7	30.7
FR (France)	Male	40.7	45.6	47.7	45.8	48.1
	Female	31.9	30.0	35.7	31.8	30.1
	Total	36.9	38.7	42.3	39.2	39.6
IE (Ireland)	Male	46.8	45.2	40.8	42.0	41.6
	Female	18.3	18.9	23.1	18.5	18.9
	Total	37.4	35.1	33.6	32.1	31.2
IT (Italy)	Male	24.9	24.8	33.4	34.9	38.3
	Female	16.9	16.2	20.2	18.5	16.3
	Total	22.1	21.8	28.5	28.5	29.5
CY (Cyprus)	Male	.	.	45.1	43.8	40.5
	Female	.	.	21.4	11.5	18.3
	Total	.	.	34.9	29.8	30.6
LV (Latvia)	Male	.	.	47.9	55.8	52.4
	Female	.	.	31.2	26.5	29.1
	Total	.	.	39.6	41.4	40.4
LT (Lithuania)	Male	.	.	46.7	55.2	51.7
	Female	.	.	32.1	28.0	26.8
	Total	.	.	39.2	41.9	38.8
LU (Luxembourg)	Male	23.6	25.3	30.6	27.1	32.2
	Female	14.2	18.3	24.1	23.6	21.4
	Total	20.2	22.9	28.0	25.6	27.6
HU (Hungary)	Male	.	.	37.4	47.9	45.5
	Female	.	.	23.9	22.7	22.3
	Total	.	.	31.3	36.4	34.8
MT (Malta)	Male	.	.	45.4	39.0	46.3
	Female	.	.	31.8	29.3	27.8
	Total	.	.	41.4	36.0	40.1
NL (Netherlands)	Male	21.4	23.9	26.9	25.2	27.4
	Female	21.2	26.3	26.1	17.9	18.2
	Total	21.3	24.9	26.6	22.0	23.2
AT (Austria)	Male	.	43.9	43.6	39.9	46.3
	Female	.	27.6	28.4	31.2	25.3
	Total	.	36.5	37.0	35.9	36.6
PL (Poland)	Male	.	.	50.2	49.9	46.1
	Female	.	.	29.7	29.6	21.8
	Total	.	.	41.0	40.8	35.2
PT (Portugal)	Male	38.0	30.9	39.9	46.8	38.0
	Female	15.9	20.9	22.4	25.5	17.3
	Total	28.5	26.4	32.0	37.0	28.3
RO (Romania)	Male	.	.	49.8	55.3	44.5
	Female	.	.	28.6	33.1	30.9
	Total	.	.	39.8	45.1	38.6
SI (Slovenia)	Male	.	.	36.7	41.5	37.8
	Female	.	.	23.1	27.1	26.3
	Total	.	.	30.5	35.0	32.5
SK (Slovakia)	Male	.	.	49.1	46.4	50.2
	Female	.	.	34.4	23.4	20.3
	Total	.	.	42.3	36.1	37.0
FI (Finland)	Male	.	37.8	41.6	39.9	37.2
	Female	.	33.3	40.3	36.9	39.4
	Total	.	35.6	41.0	38.5	38.3
SE (Sweden)	Male	.	40.0	44.1	37.5	38.8
	Female	.	38.3	41.1	35.8	35.9
	Total	.	39.2	42.6	36.7	37.5
UK (United Kingdom)	Male	38.4	40.7	47.4	41.6	44.4
	Female	27.8	31.0	32.0	25.1	26.4
	Total	33.7	36.3	40.3	33.9	36.0
HR (Croatia)	Male	.	.	.	44.1	49.2
	Female	.	.	.	29.0	29.9
	Total	.	.	.	37.4	40.3
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Male	.	.	.	.	56.3
	Female	.	.	.	.	28.8
	Total	.	.	.	.	45.6
TR (Turkey)	Male	.	.	.	59.2	52.8
	Female	.	.	.	29.0	28.9
	Total	.	.	.	51.1	46.2
NO (Norway)	Male	.	.	.	31.7	39.6
	Female	.	.	.	24.4	26.7
	Total	.	.	.	28.2	33.5
AL (Albania)	Male	.	.	.	.	47.7
	Female	.	.	.	.	32.7
	Total	.	.	.	.	41.0
XK (Kosovo)	Male	.	.	.	.	52.8
	Female	.	.	.	.	21.9
	Total	.	.	.	.	44.5
ME (Montenegro)	Male	.	.	.	.	42.4
	Female	.	.	.	.	24.1
	Total	.	.	.	.	34.5
CH (Switzerland)	Male	.	.	.	32.7	.
	Female	.	.	.	20.0	.
	Total	.	.	.	26.9	.
EC12	Male	34.5	36.4	41.9	41.7	40.6
	Female	23.4	26.1	28.2	23.6	22.6
	Total	30.1	32.1	36.1	33.7	32.5
EU15	Male	.	36.6	42.0	41.6	40.7
	Female	.	26.6	28.8	24.3	23.3
	Total	.	32.5	36.3	33.9	32.8
EU27	Male	.	.	42.8	43.1	41.7
	Female	.	.	28.7	25.0	23.5
	Total	.	.	36.7	35.0	33.5

Age

Does your work involve carrying or moving heavy loads? (q24c) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Age	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Under 30	30.6	35.5	41.3	36.0	38.2
	30 to 49	25.2	31.3	31.8	30.1	31.6
	50+	21.8	27.5	21.2	27.0	26.9
	Total	26.2	31.7	32.2	30.7	31.9
BG (Bulgaria)	Under 30	.	.	29.4	38.9	36.2
	30 to 49	.	.	29.7	35.2	34.6
	50+	.	.	29.9	35.2	34.0
	Total	.	.	29.7	36.0	34.7
CZ (Czech Republic)	Under 30	.	.	40.6	32.1	37.5
	30 to 49	.	.	33.3	34.7	39.4
	50+	.	.	37.2	23.7	28.8
	Total	.	.	36.0	31.2	36.1
DK (Denmark)	Under 30	42.0	43.3	37.3	38.6	43.6
	30 to 49	25.8	32.4	30.7	29.4	20.9
	50+	21.2	27.2	22.8	23.1	17.1
	Total	29.7	34.4	30.5	29.8	24.9
DE (Germany)	Under 30	31.2	37.0	33.6	34.7	34.5
	30 to 49	24.2	29.7	36.5	30.0	29.6
	50+	34.2	29.5	31.4	33.3	27.7
	Total	28.5	31.4	34.7	31.8	30.0
EE (Estonia)	Under 30	.	.	47.5	45.4	47.9
	30 to 49	.	.	37.4	37.9	42.6
	50+	.	.	27.1	38.9	33.9
	Total	.	.	36.7	39.7	41.0
EL (Greece)	Under 30	38.3	34.5	36.8	43.8	38.4
	30 to 49	34.2	33.6	40.1	39.6	42.4
	50+	51.9	54.1	58.5	43.2	44.6
	Total	40.1	39.3	43.6	41.3	42.3
ES (Spain)	Under 30	30.1	34.8	41.5	50.0	35.3
	30 to 49	30.3	31.6	37.4	38.6	31.0
	50+	33.1	36.8	40.0	34.8	25.6
	Total	30.9	33.5	39.0	40.7	30.7
FR (France)	Under 30	34.1	42.4	38.7	41.2	45.5
	30 to 49	38.4	35.4	43.0	41.2	37.0
	50+	36.3	45.3	44.2	34.3	40.4
	Total	36.9	38.7	42.3	39.2	39.6
IE (Ireland)	Under 30	36.0	34.0	31.2	43.2	36.7
	30 to 49	38.7	33.2	35.7	28.8	30.1
	50+	36.7	41.9	32.7	23.1	28.9
	Total	37.4	35.1	33.6	32.1	31.2
IT (Italy)	Under 30	25.1	23.2	34.2	36.8	30.8
	30 to 49	17.5	20.7	26.8	29.2	27.9
	50+	28.9	23.1	27.7	19.5	31.8
	Total	22.1	21.8	28.5	28.5	29.5
CY (Cyprus)	Under 30	.	.	37.1	28.4	27.6
	30 to 49	.	.	33.0	29.9	30.9
	50+	.	.	37.2	30.8	32.2
	Total	.	.	34.9	29.8	30.6
LV (Latvia)	Under 30	.	.	44.7	36.8	36.4
	30 to 49	.	.	37.2	42.9	43.6
	50+	.	.	39.9	42.4	37.9
	Total	.	.	39.6	41.4	40.4
LT (Lithuania)	Under 30	.	.	33.9	39.8	32.0
	30 to 49	.	.	38.5	40.9	39.4
	50+	.	.	46.0	45.9	42.0
	Total	.	.	39.2	41.9	38.8
LU (Luxembourg)	Under 30	22.9	27.3	36.6	34.1	33.3
	30 to 49	18.1	20.9	24.2	23.2	26.5
	50+	22.0	22.6	30.5	26.7	24.0
	Total	20.2	22.9	28.0	25.6	27.6
HU (Hungary)	Under 30	.	.	35.4	36.7	39.4
	30 to 49	.	.	30.0	39.2	36.2
	50+	.	.	29.7	29.7	28.9
	Total	.	.	31.3	36.4	34.8
MT (Malta)	Under 30	.	.	34.2	38.4	38.3
	30 to 49	.	.	46.0	35.0	39.9
	50+	.	.	44.2	34.3	43.2
	Total	.	.	41.4	36.0	40.1
NL (Netherlands)	Under 30	28.5	29.4	33.2	33.3	39.1
	30 to 49	18.0	23.7	24.8	19.7	17.8
	50+	15.4	20.2	21.3	14.0	18.7
	Total	21.3	24.9	26.6	22.0	23.2
AT (Austria)	Under 30	.	36.8	43.0	34.7	38.9
	30 to 49	.	34.9	34.8	34.9	35.2
	50+	.	41.1	35.4	40.7	37.3
	Total	.	36.5	37.0	35.9	36.6
PL (Poland)	Under 30	.	.	35.2	38.7	34.4
	30 to 49	.	.	41.7	44.3	35.2
	50+	.	.	46.0	33.5	35.2
	Total	.	.	41.0	40.8	35.2
PT (Portugal)	Under 30	28.0	33.3	29.5	41.3	28.8
	30 to 49	24.4	24.3	31.8	33.4	26.3
	50+	36.3	24.4	34.8	40.3	31.4
	Total	28.5	26.4	32.0	37.0	28.3
RO (Romania)	Under 30	.	.	39.6	49.0	41.5
	30 to 49	.	.	41.7	44.6	34.6
	50+	.	.	36.8	41.5	44.6
	Total	.	.	39.8	45.1	38.6
SI (Slovenia)	Under 30	.	.	25.1	25.5	31.0
	30 to 49	.	.	32.3	36.6	32.5
	50+	.	.	31.3	40.7	34.0
	Total	.	.	30.5	35.0	32.5
SK (Slovakia)	Under 30	.	.	48.7	42.3	37.6
	30 to 49	.	.	40.3	32.1	38.8
	50+	.	.	39.6	39.2	32.4
	Total	.	.	42.3	36.1	37.0
FI (Finland)	Under 30	.	46.9	44.9	46.0	51.4
	30 to 49	.	33.3	38.0	37.9	38.0
	50+	.	31.7	43.8	34.4	30.4
	Total	.	35.6	41.0	38.5	38.3
SE (Sweden)	Under 30	.	47.4	54.5	47.1	46.8
	30 to 49	.	39.0	40.6	37.6	37.8
	50+	.	33.7	38.1	29.2	31.0
	Total	.	39.2	42.6	36.7	37.5
UK (United Kingdom)	Under 30	39.2	41.9	44.2	41.0	42.1
	30 to 49	32.9	35.4	38.8	34.1	36.0
	50+	26.9	31.2	39.4	27.4	30.8
	Total	33.7	36.3	40.3	33.9	36.0
HR (Croatia)	Under 30	.	.	.	38.7	38.1
	30 to 49	.	.	.	36.8	39.9
	50+	.	.	.	37.4	42.0
	Total	.	.	.	37.4	40.3
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Under 30	.	.	.	.	43.3
	30 to 49	.	.	.	.	46.1
	50+	.	.	.	.	46.5
	Total	.	.	.	.	45.6
TR (Turkey)	Under 30	.	.	.	43.8	39.6
	30 to 49	.	.	.	54.5	48.0
	50+	.	.	.	57.5	56.0
	Total	.	.	.	51.1	46.2
NO (Norway)	Under 30	.	.	.	42.7	52.1
	30 to 49	.	.	.	22.1	34.5
	50+	.	.	.	27.9	18.6
	Total	.	.	.	28.2	33.5
AL (Albania)	Under 30	.	.	.	.	31.6
	30 to 49	.	.	.	.	45.5
	50+	.	.	.	.	39.7
	Total	.	.	.	.	41.0
XK (Kosovo)	Under 30	.	.	.	.	46.0
	30 to 49	.	.	.	.	41.5
	50+	.	.	.	.	47.4
	Total	.	.	.	.	44.5
ME (Montenegro)	Under 30	.	.	.	.	34.3
	30 to 49	.	.	.	.	37.1
	50+	.	.	.	.	30.1
	Total	.	.	.	.	34.5
CH (Switzerland)	Under 30	.	.	.	37.8	.
	30 to 49	.	.	.	25.7	.
	50+	.	.	.	20.7	.
	Total	.	.	.	26.9	.
EC12	Under 30	32.4	36.2	37.6	39.8	38.0
	30 to 49	27.9	30.3	35.7	33.2	31.4
	50+	32.0	32.0	35.3	29.7	30.3
	Total	30.1	32.1	36.1	33.7	32.5
EU15	Under 30	.	36.6	38.2	40.0	38.4
	30 to 49	.	30.7	35.9	33.4	31.8
	50+	.	32.3	35.5	29.9	30.5
	Total	.	32.5	36.3	33.9	32.8
EU27	Under 30	.	.	38.1	40.0	38.1
	30 to 49	.	.	36.3	34.9	32.7
	50+	.	.	36.2	30.9	31.6
	Total	.	.	36.7	35.0	33.5

Employment status

Does your work involve carrying or moving heavy loads? (q24c) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Employment status	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Employee: permanent contract	.	33.1	31.5	28.3	30.6
	Employee: other arrangement	.	32.1	34.2	26.6	37.0
	Self-employed	.	28.7	33.8	37.8	34.5
	Total	26.2	31.7	32.2	30.7	31.9
BG (Bulgaria)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	26.1	28.5	30.8
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	31.5	40.2	36.2
	Self-employed	.	.	40.8	57.8	52.8
	Total	.	.	29.7	36.0	34.7
CZ (Czech Republic)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	34.8	31.7	36.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	42.0	29.0	38.9
	Self-employed	.	.	38.8	32.6	29.1
	Total	.	.	36.0	31.2	36.1
DK (Denmark)	Employee: permanent contract	.	33.8	30.9	29.1	21.3
	Employee: other arrangement	.	46.7	31.1	32.0	44.7
	Self-employed	.	21.3	23.0	31.6	27.0
	Total	29.7	34.4	30.5	29.8	24.9
DE (Germany)	Employee: permanent contract	.	29.2	34.5	31.1	29.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	48.8	37.7	37.0	35.7
	Self-employed	.	30.2	34.8	32.3	22.6
	Total	28.5	31.4	34.7	31.8	30.0
EE (Estonia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	37.5	37.8	38.7
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	34.3	46.0	50.2
	Self-employed	.	.	34.4	43.3	44.0
	Total	.	.	36.7	39.7	41.0
EL (Greece)	Employee: permanent contract	.	26.1	30.7	30.2	28.0
	Employee: other arrangement	.	38.0	31.9	37.8	40.1
	Self-employed	.	51.4	60.3	56.0	58.5
	Total	40.1	39.3	43.6	41.3	42.3
ES (Spain)	Employee: permanent contract	.	27.7	37.0	37.0	26.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	36.9	42.8	42.4	35.0
	Self-employed	.	42.8	38.8	46.9	40.2
	Total	30.9	33.5	39.0	40.7	30.7
FR (France)	Employee: permanent contract	.	32.9	41.2	37.4	37.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	47.8	38.7	39.2	40.9
	Self-employed	.	50.9	51.9	51.5	54.3
	Total	36.9	38.7	42.3	39.2	39.6
IE (Ireland)	Employee: permanent contract	.	27.5	30.1	23.4	24.3
	Employee: other arrangement	.	30.0	32.1	40.4	35.1
	Self-employed	.	60.4	47.2	39.1	44.0
	Total	37.4	35.1	33.6	32.1	31.2
IT (Italy)	Employee: permanent contract	.	17.5	25.8	27.4	27.5
	Employee: other arrangement	.	30.3	25.2	28.7	30.6
	Self-employed	.	26.0	36.3	31.0	33.2
	Total	22.1	21.8	28.5	28.5	29.5
CY (Cyprus)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	32.3	21.8	27.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	27.3	29.7	27.9
	Self-employed	.	.	53.0	46.7	41.9
	Total	.	.	34.9	29.8	30.6
LV (Latvia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	37.8	37.0	37.0
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	39.5	58.6	54.9
	Self-employed	.	.	44.8	51.5	44.4
	Total	.	.	39.6	41.4	40.4
LT (Lithuania)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	28.4	35.7	33.8
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	47.1	46.6	55.1
	Self-employed	.	.	76.1	64.4	53.5
	Total	.	.	39.2	41.9	38.8
LU (Luxembourg)	Employee: permanent contract	.	18.5	27.7	25.5	27.8
	Employee: other arrangement	.	40.6	29.8	21.3	23.8
	Self-employed	.	33.4	30.3	24.9	27.0
	Total	20.2	22.9	28.0	25.6	27.6
HU (Hungary)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	29.1	35.3	32.8
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	35.5	31.8	36.9
	Self-employed	.	.	36.2	43.2	36.8
	Total	.	.	31.3	36.4	34.8
MT (Malta)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	35.9	29.5	35.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	48.0	36.4	42.5
	Self-employed	.	.	67.7	52.7	53.1
	Total	.	.	41.4	36.0	40.1
NL (Netherlands)	Employee: permanent contract	.	24.3	26.4	21.4	20.4
	Employee: other arrangement	.	27.5	28.8	27.6	34.2
	Self-employed	.	25.4	21.9	18.4	21.8
	Total	21.3	24.9	26.6	22.0	23.2
AT (Austria)	Employee: permanent contract	.	32.1	35.9	31.2	35.6
	Employee: other arrangement	.	57.9	49.3	44.9	39.9
	Self-employed	.	44.1	31.2	47.3	40.5
	Total	.	36.5	37.0	35.9	36.6
PL (Poland)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	29.3	31.1	28.6
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	47.9	40.1	31.9
	Self-employed	.	.	61.4	65.1	52.3
	Total	.	.	41.0	40.8	35.2
PT (Portugal)	Employee: permanent contract	.	18.4	29.5	32.9	28.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	37.2	36.3	37.9	24.9
	Self-employed	.	36.2	35.1	47.4	33.4
	Total	28.5	26.4	32.0	37.0	28.3
RO (Romania)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	37.8	32.2	27.2
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	21.4	51.5	44.6
	Self-employed	.	.	53.3	67.9	58.6
	Total	.	.	39.8	45.1	38.6
SI (Slovenia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	28.4	32.2	31.7
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	23.1	40.0	30.4
	Self-employed	.	.	48.7	43.7	39.8
	Total	.	.	30.5	35.0	32.5
SK (Slovakia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	40.1	34.0	35.7
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	52.9	40.4	43.0
	Self-employed	.	.	45.5	42.5	38.5
	Total	.	.	42.3	36.1	37.0
FI (Finland)	Employee: permanent contract	.	32.4	38.9	37.2	37.7
	Employee: other arrangement	.	28.6	33.8	35.9	39.3
	Self-employed	.	52.4	60.0	48.8	41.3
	Total	.	35.6	41.0	38.5	38.3
SE (Sweden)	Employee: permanent contract	.	35.4	41.3	34.7	37.2
	Employee: other arrangement	.	57.1	46.8	44.1	31.8
	Self-employed	.	47.9	48.5	40.1	41.1
	Total	.	39.2	42.6	36.7	37.5
UK (United Kingdom)	Employee: permanent contract	.	33.8	36.9	31.9	35.2
	Employee: other arrangement	.	39.0	42.5	33.4	27.9
	Self-employed	.	50.5	58.1	44.5	50.2
	Total	33.7	36.3	40.3	33.9	36.0
HR (Croatia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	32.6	33.4
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	53.5	43.4
	Self-employed	.	.	.	41.0	57.4
	Total	.	.	.	37.4	40.3
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	.	34.2
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	.	49.8
	Self-employed	.	.	.	.	61.9
	Total	.	.	.	.	45.6
TR (Turkey)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	22.8	28.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	34.7	41.8
	Self-employed	.	.	.	66.2	61.4
	Total	.	.	.	51.1	46.2
NO (Norway)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	27.9	33.2
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	27.9	30.0
	Self-employed	.	.	.	32.3	43.0
	Total	.	.	.	28.2	33.5
AL (Albania)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	.	16.5
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	.	36.1
	Self-employed	.	.	.	.	55.8
	Total	.	.	.	.	41.0
XK (Kosovo)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	.	39.6
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	.	39.0
	Self-employed	.	.	.	.	51.0
	Total	.	.	.	.	44.5
ME (Montenegro)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	.	27.0
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	.	40.9
	Self-employed	.	.	.	.	45.3
	Total	.	.	.	.	34.5
CH (Switzerland)	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	.	24.6	.
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	.	33.5	.
	Self-employed	.	.	.	29.5	.
	Total	.	.	.	26.9	.
EC12	Employee: permanent contract	.	28.8	34.2	31.7	30.7
	Employee: other arrangement	.	41.1	37.2	35.7	34.2
	Self-employed	.	37.6	42.7	40.0	39.0
	Total	30.1	32.1	36.1	33.7	32.5
EU15	Employee: permanent contract	.	29.2	34.6	31.9	31.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	41.6	37.5	36.0	34.3
	Self-employed	.	38.1	42.8	40.3	39.1
	Total	.	32.5	36.3	33.9	32.8
EU27	Employee: permanent contract	.	.	34.2	32.0	31.1
	Employee: other arrangement	.	.	37.9	36.8	34.7
	Self-employed	.	.	45.7	44.7	41.6
	Total	.	.	36.7	35.0	33.5

Industry/services

Does your work involve carrying or moving heavy loads? (q24c) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Industry/services	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Industry	.	46.1	37.0	49.9	43.6
	Services	.	25.5	30.4	23.7	27.8
	Total	26.2	31.7	32.2	30.7	31.9
BG (Bulgaria)	Industry	.	.	39.0	45.7	46.6
	Services	.	.	22.8	28.8	27.1
	Total	.	.	29.7	36.0	34.7
CZ (Czech Republic)	Industry	.	.	43.7	46.6	50.7
	Services	.	.	29.6	20.4	27.7
	Total	.	.	36.0	31.2	36.1
DK (Denmark)	Industry	.	34.6	31.1	43.6	36.4
	Services	.	34.4	30.3	24.8	21.5
	Total	29.7	34.4	30.5	29.8	24.9
DE (Germany)	Industry	.	43.3	47.7	46.0	46.6
	Services	.	24.0	27.3	25.2	23.2
	Total	28.5	31.4	34.7	31.8	30.0
EE (Estonia)	Industry	.	.	46.8	57.9	55.8
	Services	.	.	29.6	27.0	33.2
	Total	.	.	36.7	39.7	41.0
EL (Greece)	Industry	.	62.1	69.2	62.8	69.9
	Services	.	22.0	26.6	29.7	29.0
	Total	40.1	39.3	43.6	41.3	42.3
ES (Spain)	Industry	.	41.8	54.6	58.4	49.2
	Services	.	28.5	29.7	31.2	23.3
	Total	30.9	33.5	39.0	40.7	30.7
FR (France)	Industry	.	54.1	55.5	50.4	54.3
	Services	.	31.6	36.5	35.1	34.7
	Total	36.9	38.7	42.3	39.2	39.6
IE (Ireland)	Industry	.	48.4	44.2	48.5	44.0
	Services	.	26.9	27.5	22.8	26.7
	Total	37.4	35.1	33.6	32.1	31.2
IT (Italy)	Industry	.	23.8	44.3	44.7	47.4
	Services	.	20.4	19.3	19.6	21.4
	Total	22.1	21.8	28.5	28.5	29.5
CY (Cyprus)	Industry	.	.	63.3	49.8	49.0
	Services	.	.	23.7	21.7	24.8
	Total	.	.	34.9	29.8	30.6
LV (Latvia)	Industry	.	.	53.2	59.1	53.1
	Services	.	.	29.9	30.1	34.5
	Total	.	.	39.6	41.4	40.4
LT (Lithuania)	Industry	.	.	55.4	60.9	59.1
	Services	.	.	26.3	27.4	28.3
	Total	.	.	39.2	41.9	38.8
LU (Luxembourg)	Industry	.	43.0	38.2	43.0	54.0
	Services	.	15.9	24.9	20.7	23.2
	Total	20.2	22.9	28.0	25.6	27.6
HU (Hungary)	Industry	.	.	35.4	39.0	47.7
	Services	.	.	28.5	34.7	27.9
	Total	.	.	31.3	36.4	34.8
MT (Malta)	Industry	.	.	49.1	52.4	55.2
	Services	.	.	37.5	28.2	35.3
	Total	.	.	41.4	36.0	40.1
NL (Netherlands)	Industry	.	29.0	35.3	26.6	31.9
	Services	.	23.3	23.7	20.5	20.8
	Total	21.3	24.9	26.6	22.0	23.2
AT (Austria)	Industry	.	46.7	53.6	48.1	55.0
	Services	.	30.3	27.6	29.9	29.1
	Total	.	36.5	37.0	35.9	36.6
PL (Poland)	Industry	.	.	56.7	61.4	55.6
	Services	.	.	25.1	23.1	21.6
	Total	.	.	41.0	40.8	35.2
PT (Portugal)	Industry	.	34.4	46.7	48.0	40.6
	Services	.	20.3	19.0	28.7	21.3
	Total	28.5	26.4	32.0	37.0	28.3
RO (Romania)	Industry	.	.	44.6	53.1	48.2
	Services	.	.	28.4	31.1	25.8
	Total	.	.	39.8	45.1	38.6
SI (Slovenia)	Industry	.	.	35.6	41.7	44.9
	Services	.	.	25.6	29.0	24.9
	Total	.	.	30.5	35.0	32.5
SK (Slovakia)	Industry	.	.	49.9	50.0	53.4
	Services	.	.	36.5	24.9	26.1
	Total	.	.	42.3	36.1	37.0
FI (Finland)	Industry	.	44.5	52.0	46.6	49.0
	Services	.	30.9	35.3	35.1	34.2
	Total	.	35.6	41.0	38.5	38.3
SE (Sweden)	Industry	.	51.3	46.2	49.2	48.1
	Services	.	34.2	41.3	32.7	34.7
	Total	.	39.2	42.6	36.7	37.5
UK (United Kingdom)	Industry	.	41.1	53.0	53.3	51.1
	Services	.	34.3	35.6	28.1	32.4
	Total	33.7	36.3	40.3	33.9	36.0
HR (Croatia)	Industry	.	.	.	47.4	58.2
	Services	.	.	.	29.2	29.7
	Total	.	.	.	37.4	40.3
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Industry	.	.	.	.	62.5
	Services	.	.	.	.	32.2
	Total	.	.	.	.	45.6
TR (Turkey)	Industry	.	.	.	68.4	65.1
	Services	.	.	.	27.9	29.9
	Total	.	.	.	51.1	46.2
NO (Norway)	Industry	.	.	.	38.8	47.6
	Services	.	.	.	24.6	29.7
	Total	.	.	.	28.2	33.5
AL (Albania)	Industry	.	.	.	.	57.4
	Services	.	.	.	.	26.9
	Total	.	.	.	.	41.0
XK (Kosovo)	Industry	.	.	.	.	63.6
	Services	.	.	.	.	33.9
	Total	.	.	.	.	44.5
ME (Montenegro)	Industry	.	.	.	.	51.4
	Services	.	.	.	.	27.6
	Total	.	.	.	.	34.5
CH (Switzerland)	Industry	.	.	.	40.5	.
	Services	.	.	.	22.0	.
	Total	.	.	.	26.9	.
EC12	Industry	.	40.9	49.5	49.1	48.4
	Services	.	27.4	29.4	27.1	26.7
	Total	30.1	32.1	36.1	33.7	32.5
EU15	Industry	.	41.3	49.6	49.0	48.6
	Services	.	27.7	29.8	27.4	27.1
	Total	.	32.5	36.3	33.9	32.8
EU27	Industry	.	.	49.2	50.3	49.4
	Services	.	.	29.4	27.3	26.8
	Total	.	.	36.7	35.0	33.5

Type of occupation

Does your work involve carrying or moving heavy loads? (q24c) - At least a quarter of the time
Country	Type of occupation	1991	1995	2000	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	High-skilled clerical	.	16.1	27.9	15.0	21.3
	Low-skilled clerical	.	23.6	22.2	25.4	25.7
	High-skilled manual	.	67.3	52.3	68.9	61.1
	Low-skilled manual	.	42.8	45.6	42.4	45.5
	Total	26.2	31.7	32.2	30.7	31.9
BG (Bulgaria)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	13.0	17.4	12.5
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	21.2	22.0	26.1
	High-skilled manual	.	.	46.0	48.3	66.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	42.6	54.7	40.1
	Total	.	.	29.7	36.0	34.7
CZ (Czech Republic)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	8.3	11.8	12.3
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	22.3	17.5	27.0
	High-skilled manual	.	.	68.2	56.6	69.2
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	48.0	42.4	46.9
	Total	.	.	36.0	31.2	36.1
DK (Denmark)	High-skilled clerical	.	16.4	11.9	10.2	6.5
	Low-skilled clerical	.	36.4	28.0	20.7	20.7
	High-skilled manual	.	43.3	52.0	61.8	51.7
	Low-skilled manual	.	41.2	41.6	54.7	44.3
	Total	29.7	34.4	30.5	29.8	24.9
DE (Germany)	High-skilled clerical	.	10.5	14.9	12.7	14.3
	Low-skilled clerical	.	19.0	21.2	19.6	19.1
	High-skilled manual	.	62.4	66.0	68.5	65.3
	Low-skilled manual	.	49.0	57.7	49.0	49.3
	Total	28.5	31.4	34.7	31.8	30.0
EE (Estonia)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	13.2	16.5	21.1
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	23.3	23.6	34.5
	High-skilled manual	.	.	57.6	75.3	73.1
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	56.4	55.8	54.9
	Total	.	.	36.7	39.7	41.0
EL (Greece)	High-skilled clerical	.	19.9	21.8	20.6	19.2
	Low-skilled clerical	.	19.4	24.1	26.1	23.0
	High-skilled manual	.	65.5	75.6	71.1	83.9
	Low-skilled manual	.	41.6	41.1	54.6	55.8
	Total	40.1	39.3	43.6	41.3	42.3
ES (Spain)	High-skilled clerical	.	15.8	12.7	18.4	15.3
	Low-skilled clerical	.	22.6	29.9	24.3	20.2
	High-skilled manual	.	60.7	57.2	73.4	55.1
	Low-skilled manual	.	35.0	56.1	54.7	46.0
	Total	30.9	33.5	39.0	40.7	30.7
FR (France)	High-skilled clerical	.	15.7	23.9	29.7	24.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	27.6	31.9	27.0	26.4
	High-skilled manual	.	64.0	67.9	75.8	76.1
	Low-skilled manual	.	60.3	60.3	51.3	61.1
	Total	36.9	38.7	42.3	39.2	39.6
IE (Ireland)	High-skilled clerical	.	20.3	21.7	16.1	20.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	20.9	26.9	25.1	24.6
	High-skilled manual	.	65.5	57.4	61.7	72.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	44.2	47.1	47.3	41.9
	Total	37.4	35.1	33.6	32.1	31.2
IT (Italy)	High-skilled clerical	.	7.8	7.7	13.6	14.4
	Low-skilled clerical	.	10.7	17.7	18.9	13.1
	High-skilled manual	.	36.8	50.2	66.2	61.2
	Low-skilled manual	.	37.9	47.6	43.5	50.2
	Total	22.1	21.8	28.5	28.5	29.5
CY (Cyprus)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	12.1	17.6	10.1
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	20.6	12.6	17.5
	High-skilled manual	.	.	76.9	57.9	64.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	41.9	46.6	50.6
	Total	.	.	34.9	29.8	30.6
LV (Latvia)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	12.6	11.9	14.8
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	28.1	29.6	31.5
	High-skilled manual	.	.	68.1	69.0	69.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	52.9	60.9	62.9
	Total	.	.	39.6	41.4	40.4
LT (Lithuania)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	12.7	27.7	11.7
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	30.4	15.3	31.6
	High-skilled manual	.	.	66.2	68.0	72.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	43.3	58.9	54.4
	Total	.	.	39.2	41.9	38.8
LU (Luxembourg)	High-skilled clerical	.	8.3	16.6	11.7	11.2
	Low-skilled clerical	.	10.5	14.3	21.1	23.0
	High-skilled manual	.	54.8	53.4	65.8	75.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	34.8	50.9	32.7	42.5
	Total	20.2	22.9	28.0	25.6	27.6
HU (Hungary)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	9.4	23.4	14.2
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	25.3	32.1	26.9
	High-skilled manual	.	.	46.5	48.4	58.3
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	42.6	44.8	48.2
	Total	.	.	31.3	36.4	34.8
MT (Malta)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	18.6	14.6	19.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	32.7	21.3	30.6
	High-skilled manual	.	.	79.1	64.5	76.9
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	49.4	55.3	58.3
	Total	.	.	41.4	36.0	40.1
NL (Netherlands)	High-skilled clerical	.	14.3	14.8	13.1	11.3
	Low-skilled clerical	.	19.6	21.3	16.3	20.0
	High-skilled manual	.	47.6	61.6	61.2	50.1
	Low-skilled manual	.	39.7	38.5	30.8	40.9
	Total	21.3	24.9	26.6	22.0	23.2
AT (Austria)	High-skilled clerical	.	18.9	16.3	35.9	21.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	22.5	22.4	19.5	21.2
	High-skilled manual	.	66.8	65.4	67.7	75.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	47.2	56.9	48.8	58.2
	Total	.	36.5	37.0	35.9	36.6
PL (Poland)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	11.7	5.8	8.5
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	21.3	25.7	22.8
	High-skilled manual	.	.	67.0	64.9	67.8
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	55.4	49.2	42.6
	Total	.	.	41.0	40.8	35.2
PT (Portugal)	High-skilled clerical	.	14.9	15.1	29.3	12.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	15.1	15.5	19.6	21.6
	High-skilled manual	.	41.2	53.7	50.7	47.2
	Low-skilled manual	.	33.7	35.9	49.8	29.0
	Total	28.5	26.4	32.0	37.0	28.3
RO (Romania)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	15.9	11.8	34.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	20.6	25.7	21.4
	High-skilled manual	.	.	47.0	65.6	50.6
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	48.9	39.7	48.8
	Total	.	.	39.8	45.1	38.6
SI (Slovenia)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	8.9	6.9	11.9
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	19.8	26.9	24.7
	High-skilled manual	.	.	60.6	57.7	61.9
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	40.0	53.2	50.2
	Total	.	.	30.5	35.0	32.5
SK (Slovakia)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	10.8	12.3	12.8
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	36.0	26.9	21.7
	High-skilled manual	.	.	61.7	63.4	64.6
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	55.9	45.2	56.6
	Total	.	.	42.3	36.1	37.0
FI (Finland)	High-skilled clerical	.	13.3	14.9	16.7	16.7
	Low-skilled clerical	.	29.3	37.4	33.0	35.3
	High-skilled manual	.	62.9	69.6	66.7	75.3
	Low-skilled manual	.	52.4	56.1	62.2	54.5
	Total	.	35.6	41.0	38.5	38.3
SE (Sweden)	High-skilled clerical	.	20.9	15.9	19.7	15.7
	Low-skilled clerical	.	34.2	42.6	30.9	36.7
	High-skilled manual	.	61.2	72.8	69.4	73.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	56.7	54.1	54.4	50.7
	Total	.	39.2	42.6	36.7	37.5
UK (United Kingdom)	High-skilled clerical	.	25.0	28.9	26.6	27.1
	Low-skilled clerical	.	26.5	29.6	22.7	28.2
	High-skilled manual	.	66.5	76.4	67.5	67.6
	Low-skilled manual	.	53.6	62.4	52.3	54.8
	Total	33.7	36.3	40.3	33.9	36.0
HR (Croatia)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	9.0	14.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	25.9	27.4
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	43.9	74.5
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	58.1	55.2
	Total	.	.	.	37.4	40.3
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	.	20.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	.	27.2
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	.	71.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	.	59.7
	Total	.	.	.	.	45.6
TR (Turkey)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	23.7	21.6
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	18.7	18.9
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	71.2	69.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	45.6	58.5
	Total	.	.	.	51.1	46.2
NO (Norway)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	14.3	14.4
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	22.3	28.3
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	52.5	74.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	48.6	49.1
	Total	.	.	.	28.2	33.5
AL (Albania)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	.	15.1
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	.	24.3
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	.	62.3
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	.	44.3
	Total	.	.	.	.	41.0
XK (Kosovo)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	.	28.4
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	.	36.2
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	.	74.5
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	.	65.8
	Total	.	.	.	.	44.5
ME (Montenegro)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	.	12.8
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	.	27.6
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	.	74.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	.	49.0
	Total	.	.	.	.	34.5
CH (Switzerland)	High-skilled clerical	.	.	.	9.5	.
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	.	19.9	.
	High-skilled manual	.	.	.	54.1	.
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	.	49.7	.
	Total	.	.	.	26.9	.
EC12	High-skilled clerical	.	16.5	19.7	19.2	19.0
	Low-skilled clerical	.	21.2	24.8	22.1	21.5
	High-skilled manual	.	57.4	63.1	68.6	64.5
	Low-skilled manual	.	46.7	54.1	49.4	50.5
	Total	30.1	32.1	36.1	33.7	32.5
EU15	High-skilled clerical	.	16.6	19.4	19.4	18.9
	Low-skilled clerical	.	21.7	25.4	22.4	22.1
	High-skilled manual	.	57.8	63.4	68.5	65.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	47.1	54.2	49.7	50.7
	Total	.	32.5	36.3	33.9	32.8
EU27	High-skilled clerical	.	.	18.2	18.3	18.3
	Low-skilled clerical	.	.	25.1	22.7	22.5
	High-skilled manual	.	.	61.9	66.6	64.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	.	53.1	49.1	49.9
	Total	.	.	36.7	35.0	33.5

Page last updated: 15 November, 2010

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