EWCS 2010 Survey Results

Level of team autonomy (index)

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Note: This is an index based on a number of questions asked of those working in a team

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Gender

Level of team autonomy (index) - High
Country	Gender	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Male	21.3	18.9
	Female	18.5	19.6
	Total	20.0	19.2
BG (Bulgaria)	Male	12.4	19.5
	Female	11.8	17.1
	Total	12.1	18.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	Male	19.1	18.8
	Female	14.5	13.3
	Total	17.3	16.5
DK (Denmark)	Male	37.4	33.4
	Female	40.1	36.3
	Total	38.6	34.8
DE (Germany)	Male	22.9	18.8
	Female	19.5	18.3
	Total	21.4	18.6
EE (Estonia)	Male	20.7	26.8
	Female	17.0	25.7
	Total	18.8	26.2
EL (Greece)	Male	21.1	19.2
	Female	29.8	11.5
	Total	23.9	16.2
ES (Spain)	Male	24.6	28.1
	Female	33.4	29.2
	Total	27.5	28.6
FR (France)	Male	16.8	24.1
	Female	21.7	19.6
	Total	19.0	22.1
IE (Ireland)	Male	25.7	33.5
	Female	33.9	34.4
	Total	29.2	33.9
IT (Italy)	Male	18.4	14.5
	Female	20.8	13.9
	Total	19.2	14.3
CY (Cyprus)	Male	11.2	10.7
	Female	12.8	9.2
	Total	11.8	10.1
LV (Latvia)	Male	24.0	22.7
	Female	25.9	19.9
	Total	24.8	21.3
LT (Lithuania)	Male	19.1	27.1
	Female	19.0	25.7
	Total	19.0	26.4
LU (Luxembourg)	Male	15.8	26.5
	Female	16.6	30.4
	Total	16.1	28.2
HU (Hungary)	Male	19.4	16.6
	Female	15.8	21.0
	Total	18.0	18.6
MT (Malta)	Male	19.0	23.7
	Female	17.4	20.2
	Total	18.5	22.6
NL (Netherlands)	Male	18.9	23.0
	Female	15.7	17.4
	Total	17.6	20.3
AT (Austria)	Male	29.7	17.3
	Female	36.0	19.0
	Total	32.6	18.1
PL (Poland)	Male	16.8	16.4
	Female	17.8	16.4
	Total	17.3	16.4
PT (Portugal)	Male	11.2	11.7
	Female	10.7	4.4
	Total	10.9	8.5
RO (Romania)	Male	22.5	29.5
	Female	18.5	36.5
	Total	20.8	32.2
SI (Slovenia)	Male	19.4	30.2
	Female	31.5	36.5
	Total	24.9	32.9
SK (Slovakia)	Male	14.4	18.0
	Female	13.0	19.6
	Total	13.8	18.7
FI (Finland)	Male	34.5	40.5
	Female	38.7	41.8
	Total	36.5	41.2
SE (Sweden)	Male	37.5	41.1
	Female	45.7	46.2
	Total	41.6	43.4
UK (United Kingdom)	Male	25.4	25.0
	Female	25.4	27.7
	Total	25.4	26.3
HR (Croatia)	Male	18.4	17.6
	Female	28.0	18.1
	Total	22.4	17.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Male	.	30.8
	Female	.	31.7
	Total	.	31.2
TR (Turkey)	Male	23.9	28.7
	Female	36.3	25.4
	Total	27.3	27.8
NO (Norway)	Male	35.3	39.4
	Female	37.5	35.7
	Total	36.4	37.6
AL (Albania)	Male	.	26.9
	Female	.	36.1
	Total	.	30.6
XK (Kosovo)	Male	.	33.6
	Female	.	34.4
	Total	.	33.8
ME (Montenegro)	Male	.	20.7
	Female	.	27.4
	Total	.	23.5
CH (Switzerland)	Male	14.8	.
	Female	16.6	.
	Total	15.5	.
EC12	Male	21.9	21.8
	Female	22.6	21.3
	Total	22.2	21.6
EU15	Male	22.7	22.5
	Female	24.2	22.4
	Total	23.3	22.5
EU27	Male	21.8	22.1
	Female	22.8	22.3
	Total	22.2	22.2

Age

Level of team autonomy (index) - High
Country	Age	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Under 30	14.0	16.0
	30 to 49	21.8	18.1
	50+	21.4	25.2
	Total	20.0	19.2
BG (Bulgaria)	Under 30	13.6	21.3
	30 to 49	10.6	19.7
	50+	15.5	14.0
	Total	12.1	18.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	Under 30	24.0	13.8
	30 to 49	15.6	16.1
	50+	15.5	19.3
	Total	17.3	16.5
DK (Denmark)	Under 30	35.6	25.7
	30 to 49	39.1	37.9
	50+	39.7	35.9
	Total	38.6	34.8
DE (Germany)	Under 30	18.7	19.8
	30 to 49	22.9	18.7
	50+	20.6	17.2
	Total	21.4	18.6
EE (Estonia)	Under 30	19.7	25.2
	30 to 49	19.0	30.2
	50+	17.6	18.8
	Total	18.8	26.2
EL (Greece)	Under 30	14.5	11.9
	30 to 49	26.3	15.9
	50+	27.4	20.2
	Total	23.9	16.2
ES (Spain)	Under 30	34.2	18.7
	30 to 49	25.5	28.7
	50+	22.1	37.7
	Total	27.5	28.6
FR (France)	Under 30	14.5	19.9
	30 to 49	19.9	21.3
	50+	21.9	27.1
	Total	19.0	22.1
IE (Ireland)	Under 30	24.8	38.2
	30 to 49	30.9	32.9
	50+	32.8	31.3
	Total	29.2	33.9
IT (Italy)	Under 30	17.4	13.2
	30 to 49	19.0	13.5
	50+	21.2	17.0
	Total	19.2	14.3
CY (Cyprus)	Under 30	10.0	8.5
	30 to 49	12.6	11.6
	50+	11.6	8.5
	Total	11.8	10.1
LV (Latvia)	Under 30	15.9	27.4
	30 to 49	27.3	20.3
	50+	26.8	16.1
	Total	24.8	21.3
LT (Lithuania)	Under 30	27.8	34.6
	30 to 49	15.2	23.4
	50+	21.6	25.2
	Total	19.0	26.4
LU (Luxembourg)	Under 30	11.0	24.5
	30 to 49	16.2	29.4
	50+	22.1	27.0
	Total	16.1	28.2
HU (Hungary)	Under 30	19.1	10.2
	30 to 49	19.5	20.0
	50+	13.4	22.5
	Total	18.0	18.6
MT (Malta)	Under 30	13.8	19.2
	30 to 49	25.0	24.9
	50+	9.8	22.2
	Total	18.5	22.6
NL (Netherlands)	Under 30	16.1	18.6
	30 to 49	19.6	19.9
	50+	14.6	22.6
	Total	17.6	20.3
AT (Austria)	Under 30	37.4	18.6
	30 to 49	29.6	18.3
	50+	38.1	16.9
	Total	32.6	18.1
PL (Poland)	Under 30	18.5	14.0
	30 to 49	15.5	17.7
	50+	21.4	16.6
	Total	17.3	16.4
PT (Portugal)	Under 30	7.0	8.0
	30 to 49	13.8	8.4
	50+	9.0	9.3
	Total	10.9	8.5
RO (Romania)	Under 30	21.6	28.0
	30 to 49	20.4	27.0
	50+	21.3	48.8
	Total	20.8	32.2
SI (Slovenia)	Under 30	25.6	34.7
	30 to 49	24.1	30.5
	50+	26.3	37.2
	Total	24.9	32.9
SK (Slovakia)	Under 30	13.2	17.2
	30 to 49	13.6	19.7
	50+	15.3	17.7
	Total	13.8	18.7
FI (Finland)	Under 30	29.1	38.4
	30 to 49	35.1	39.3
	50+	44.4	45.8
	Total	36.5	41.2
SE (Sweden)	Under 30	46.1	45.4
	30 to 49	39.3	40.5
	50+	42.5	47.2
	Total	41.6	43.4
UK (United Kingdom)	Under 30	26.9	23.8
	30 to 49	26.0	28.1
	50+	23.2	25.1
	Total	25.4	26.3
HR (Croatia)	Under 30	20.0	20.9
	30 to 49	22.1	18.3
	50+	24.9	15.4
	Total	22.4	17.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Under 30	.	28.9
	30 to 49	.	29.8
	50+	.	37.1
	Total	.	31.2
TR (Turkey)	Under 30	24.5	28.8
	30 to 49	30.2	26.9
	50+	26.6	28.9
	Total	27.3	27.8
NO (Norway)	Under 30	43.4	31.4
	30 to 49	29.8	37.9
	50+	44.8	41.4
	Total	36.4	37.6
AL (Albania)	Under 30	.	20.0
	30 to 49	.	30.1
	50+	.	41.0
	Total	.	30.6
XK (Kosovo)	Under 30	.	34.5
	30 to 49	.	33.5
	50+	.	33.5
	Total	.	33.8
ME (Montenegro)	Under 30	.	23.7
	30 to 49	.	17.9
	50+	.	35.2
	Total	.	23.5
CH (Switzerland)	Under 30	15.4	.
	30 to 49	14.3	.
	50+	18.6	.
	Total	15.5	.
EC12	Under 30	21.4	19.6
	30 to 49	22.8	21.8
	50+	21.7	23.0
	Total	22.2	21.6
EU15	Under 30	22.5	20.4
	30 to 49	23.7	22.5
	50+	23.3	24.2
	Total	23.3	22.5
EU27	Under 30	21.9	20.1
	30 to 49	22.3	22.1
	50+	22.5	24.3
	Total	22.2	22.2

Employment status

Level of team autonomy (index) - High
Country	Employment status	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Employee: permanent contract	18.8	18.9
	Employee: other arrangement	24.4	14.8
	Self-employed	.	25.2
	Total	20.0	19.2
BG (Bulgaria)	Employee: permanent contract	12.0	18.3
	Employee: other arrangement	9.7	13.6
	Self-employed	25.5	29.2
	Total	12.1	18.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	Employee: permanent contract	17.2	18.6
	Employee: other arrangement	15.4	12.1
	Self-employed	22.0	10.0
	Total	17.3	16.5
DK (Denmark)	Employee: permanent contract	38.4	35.3
	Employee: other arrangement	43.2	24.9
	Self-employed	.	45.3
	Total	38.6	34.8
DE (Germany)	Employee: permanent contract	22.7	17.2
	Employee: other arrangement	23.5	22.9
	Self-employed	6.1	21.7
	Total	21.4	18.6
EE (Estonia)	Employee: permanent contract	17.9	24.1
	Employee: other arrangement	19.9	28.4
	Self-employed	.	.
	Total	18.8	26.2
EL (Greece)	Employee: permanent contract	17.9	12.8
	Employee: other arrangement	12.0	16.4
	Self-employed	47.8	30.1
	Total	23.9	16.2
ES (Spain)	Employee: permanent contract	26.5	27.5
	Employee: other arrangement	28.7	23.9
	Self-employed	32.0	.
	Total	27.5	28.6
FR (France)	Employee: permanent contract	18.1	19.5
	Employee: other arrangement	20.4	19.0
	Self-employed	28.5	54.8
	Total	19.0	22.1
IE (Ireland)	Employee: permanent contract	27.0	33.3
	Employee: other arrangement	28.0	33.0
	Self-employed	42.3	39.4
	Total	29.2	33.9
IT (Italy)	Employee: permanent contract	19.5	13.8
	Employee: other arrangement	18.3	16.7
	Self-employed	19.2	17.0
	Total	19.2	14.3
CY (Cyprus)	Employee: permanent contract	18.1	8.7
	Employee: other arrangement	6.8	10.2
	Self-employed	.	19.0
	Total	11.8	10.1
LV (Latvia)	Employee: permanent contract	25.2	21.4
	Employee: other arrangement	27.4	19.3
	Self-employed	.	.
	Total	24.8	21.3
LT (Lithuania)	Employee: permanent contract	18.4	26.6
	Employee: other arrangement	19.0	21.1
	Self-employed	20.6	.
	Total	19.0	26.4
LU (Luxembourg)	Employee: permanent contract	15.7	29.3
	Employee: other arrangement	16.0	17.1
	Self-employed	.	41.5
	Total	16.1	28.2
HU (Hungary)	Employee: permanent contract	16.2	17.4
	Employee: other arrangement	18.2	14.8
	Self-employed	.	36.3
	Total	18.0	18.6
MT (Malta)	Employee: permanent contract	19.2	20.7
	Employee: other arrangement	20.3	24.7
	Self-employed	.	.
	Total	18.5	22.6
NL (Netherlands)	Employee: permanent contract	17.9	17.6
	Employee: other arrangement	13.0	23.7
	Self-employed	26.3	30.1
	Total	17.6	20.3
AT (Austria)	Employee: permanent contract	31.1	17.1
	Employee: other arrangement	23.9	19.0
	Self-employed	37.8	23.0
	Total	32.6	18.1
PL (Poland)	Employee: permanent contract	14.8	17.0
	Employee: other arrangement	19.6	11.8
	Self-employed	26.8	26.0
	Total	17.3	16.4
PT (Portugal)	Employee: permanent contract	9.2	8.3
	Employee: other arrangement	15.5	4.8
	Self-employed	12.3	.
	Total	10.9	8.5
RO (Romania)	Employee: permanent contract	18.1	23.8
	Employee: other arrangement	25.9	31.4
	Self-employed	30.6	70.6
	Total	20.8	32.2
SI (Slovenia)	Employee: permanent contract	22.0	30.2
	Employee: other arrangement	29.3	46.7
	Self-employed	39.0	26.6
	Total	24.9	32.9
SK (Slovakia)	Employee: permanent contract	13.2	15.0
	Employee: other arrangement	12.1	25.2
	Self-employed	23.0	42.9
	Total	13.8	18.7
FI (Finland)	Employee: permanent contract	37.0	39.1
	Employee: other arrangement	32.3	44.5
	Self-employed	39.7	.
	Total	36.5	41.2
SE (Sweden)	Employee: permanent contract	41.1	40.0
	Employee: other arrangement	41.9	47.6
	Self-employed	.	80.7
	Total	41.6	43.4
UK (United Kingdom)	Employee: permanent contract	23.1	23.8
	Employee: other arrangement	27.4	30.7
	Self-employed	34.8	41.7
	Total	25.4	26.3
HR (Croatia)	Employee: permanent contract	21.8	17.8
	Employee: other arrangement	15.2	16.5
	Self-employed	39.6	20.3
	Total	22.4	17.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Employee: permanent contract	.	27.5
	Employee: other arrangement	.	26.4
	Self-employed	.	53.6
	Total	.	31.2
TR (Turkey)	Employee: permanent contract	29.5	23.3
	Employee: other arrangement	19.6	24.3
	Self-employed	34.1	56.8
	Total	27.3	27.8
NO (Norway)	Employee: permanent contract	36.6	38.2
	Employee: other arrangement	25.3	32.7
	Self-employed	52.7	.
	Total	36.4	37.6
AL (Albania)	Employee: permanent contract	.	17.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	16.6
	Self-employed	.	59.0
	Total	.	30.6
XK (Kosovo)	Employee: permanent contract	.	28.9
	Employee: other arrangement	.	33.2
	Self-employed	.	38.4
	Total	.	33.8
ME (Montenegro)	Employee: permanent contract	.	24.2
	Employee: other arrangement	.	17.5
	Self-employed	.	34.7
	Total	.	23.5
CH (Switzerland)	Employee: permanent contract	14.5	.
	Employee: other arrangement	18.1	.
	Self-employed	21.3	.
	Total	15.5	.
EC12	Employee: permanent contract	21.5	20.0
	Employee: other arrangement	23.5	22.3
	Self-employed	24.9	34.3
	Total	22.2	21.6
EU15	Employee: permanent contract	22.7	20.9
	Employee: other arrangement	24.1	23.0
	Self-employed	25.8	35.6
	Total	23.3	22.5
EU27	Employee: permanent contract	21.5	20.6
	Employee: other arrangement	23.0	21.7
	Self-employed	26.4	36.2
	Total	22.2	22.2

Industry/services

Level of team autonomy (index) - High
Country	Industry/services	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Industry	20.4	18.0
	Services	19.9	19.1
	Total	20.0	19.2
BG (Bulgaria)	Industry	9.5	16.7
	Services	14.2	19.8
	Total	12.1	18.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	Industry	19.5	16.5
	Services	14.6	16.9
	Total	17.3	16.5
DK (Denmark)	Industry	33.8	35.3
	Services	40.4	34.7
	Total	38.6	34.8
DE (Germany)	Industry	23.4	18.2
	Services	19.5	18.5
	Total	21.4	18.6
EE (Estonia)	Industry	14.5	28.0
	Services	21.3	25.3
	Total	18.8	26.2
EL (Greece)	Industry	30.7	17.1
	Services	19.0	15.8
	Total	23.9	16.2
ES (Spain)	Industry	32.0	31.0
	Services	24.3	27.4
	Total	27.5	28.6
FR (France)	Industry	15.8	21.9
	Services	20.0	22.1
	Total	19.0	22.1
IE (Ireland)	Industry	26.4	27.4
	Services	30.4	35.8
	Total	29.2	33.9
IT (Italy)	Industry	10.4	14.3
	Services	25.1	14.2
	Total	19.2	14.3
CY (Cyprus)	Industry	9.2	6.7
	Services	13.0	11.4
	Total	11.8	10.1
LV (Latvia)	Industry	24.5	18.7
	Services	24.9	22.6
	Total	24.8	21.3
LT (Lithuania)	Industry	17.0	27.2
	Services	21.1	26.0
	Total	19.0	26.4
LU (Luxembourg)	Industry	20.8	30.7
	Services	14.2	27.7
	Total	16.1	28.2
HU (Hungary)	Industry	13.7	14.7
	Services	20.9	20.6
	Total	18.0	18.6
MT (Malta)	Industry	18.1	22.8
	Services	18.8	22.5
	Total	18.5	22.6
NL (Netherlands)	Industry	16.1	21.3
	Services	18.1	20.1
	Total	17.6	20.3
AT (Austria)	Industry	33.7	21.0
	Services	32.2	16.7
	Total	32.6	18.1
PL (Poland)	Industry	15.9	14.1
	Services	18.6	18.6
	Total	17.3	16.4
PT (Portugal)	Industry	8.4	7.5
	Services	13.4	8.9
	Total	10.9	8.5
RO (Romania)	Industry	20.3	36.3
	Services	22.9	28.7
	Total	20.8	32.2
SI (Slovenia)	Industry	19.4	28.4
	Services	29.6	36.0
	Total	24.9	32.9
SK (Slovakia)	Industry	11.6	14.7
	Services	16.2	22.2
	Total	13.8	18.7
FI (Finland)	Industry	34.5	44.0
	Services	37.2	40.0
	Total	36.5	41.2
SE (Sweden)	Industry	40.1	40.4
	Services	41.6	44.4
	Total	41.6	43.4
UK (United Kingdom)	Industry	27.2	29.1
	Services	24.8	25.2
	Total	25.4	26.3
HR (Croatia)	Industry	18.4	16.6
	Services	26.0	18.7
	Total	22.4	17.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Industry	.	28.4
	Services	.	35.3
	Total	.	31.2
TR (Turkey)	Industry	29.4	30.4
	Services	25.6	25.6
	Total	27.3	27.8
NO (Norway)	Industry	44.3	43.8
	Services	33.7	36.0
	Total	36.4	37.6
AL (Albania)	Industry	.	42.1
	Services	.	20.9
	Total	.	30.6
XK (Kosovo)	Industry	.	31.2
	Services	.	35.6
	Total	.	33.8
ME (Montenegro)	Industry	.	25.5
	Services	.	23.3
	Total	.	23.5
CH (Switzerland)	Industry	13.0	.
	Services	16.5	.
	Total	15.5	.
EC12	Industry	21.8	21.5
	Services	22.2	21.4
	Total	22.2	21.6
EU15	Industry	22.7	22.3
	Services	23.4	22.4
	Total	23.3	22.5
EU27	Industry	21.0	22.0
	Services	22.8	22.2
	Total	22.2	22.2

Type of occupation

Level of team autonomy (index) - High
Country	Type of occupation	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	High-skilled clerical	24.2	23.4
	Low-skilled clerical	18.6	17.2
	High-skilled manual	12.8	18.9
	Low-skilled manual	21.5	16.7
	Total	20.0	19.2
BG (Bulgaria)	High-skilled clerical	20.8	19.2
	Low-skilled clerical	14.0	19.9
	High-skilled manual	7.5	20.2
	Low-skilled manual	7.4	14.5
	Total	12.1	18.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	High-skilled clerical	23.3	21.9
	Low-skilled clerical	16.4	14.9
	High-skilled manual	20.1	19.5
	Low-skilled manual	11.5	11.4
	Total	17.3	16.5
DK (Denmark)	High-skilled clerical	41.9	40.6
	Low-skilled clerical	37.0	31.5
	High-skilled manual	37.5	40.2
	Low-skilled manual	37.8	33.6
	Total	38.6	34.8
DE (Germany)	High-skilled clerical	32.8	19.6
	Low-skilled clerical	20.1	17.8
	High-skilled manual	17.7	19.2
	Low-skilled manual	15.7	19.2
	Total	21.4	18.6
EE (Estonia)	High-skilled clerical	27.8	28.8
	Low-skilled clerical	14.9	25.3
	High-skilled manual	24.4	37.4
	Low-skilled manual	7.1	12.8
	Total	18.8	26.2
EL (Greece)	High-skilled clerical	19.8	27.9
	Low-skilled clerical	19.7	12.3
	High-skilled manual	37.6	17.6
	Low-skilled manual	5.9	8.3
	Total	23.9	16.2
ES (Spain)	High-skilled clerical	29.5	41.0
	Low-skilled clerical	23.7	27.0
	High-skilled manual	28.4	28.0
	Low-skilled manual	29.3	19.6
	Total	27.5	28.6
FR (France)	High-skilled clerical	16.7	24.2
	Low-skilled clerical	18.8	21.1
	High-skilled manual	20.3	24.2
	Low-skilled manual	19.4	19.4
	Total	19.0	22.1
IE (Ireland)	High-skilled clerical	27.3	40.3
	Low-skilled clerical	31.9	33.6
	High-skilled manual	37.2	27.4
	Low-skilled manual	15.6	14.8
	Total	29.2	33.9
IT (Italy)	High-skilled clerical	29.3	19.9
	Low-skilled clerical	13.3	14.9
	High-skilled manual	14.9	12.9
	Low-skilled manual	12.2	8.0
	Total	19.2	14.3
CY (Cyprus)	High-skilled clerical	21.1	12.4
	Low-skilled clerical	12.5	12.0
	High-skilled manual	12.4	8.5
	Low-skilled manual	5.9	5.9
	Total	11.8	10.1
LV (Latvia)	High-skilled clerical	18.8	21.2
	Low-skilled clerical	24.1	21.8
	High-skilled manual	25.9	21.0
	Low-skilled manual	30.9	20.9
	Total	24.8	21.3
LT (Lithuania)	High-skilled clerical	32.0	37.1
	Low-skilled clerical	20.2	21.7
	High-skilled manual	13.2	17.3
	Low-skilled manual	12.2	27.0
	Total	19.0	26.4
LU (Luxembourg)	High-skilled clerical	15.9	33.3
	Low-skilled clerical	18.0	22.2
	High-skilled manual	19.9	30.6
	Low-skilled manual	6.5	32.2
	Total	16.1	28.2
HU (Hungary)	High-skilled clerical	29.6	30.0
	Low-skilled clerical	13.2	17.7
	High-skilled manual	18.0	14.0
	Low-skilled manual	16.2	9.5
	Total	18.0	18.6
MT (Malta)	High-skilled clerical	23.8	25.7
	Low-skilled clerical	19.1	23.6
	High-skilled manual	22.6	27.7
	Low-skilled manual	11.4	15.5
	Total	18.5	22.6
NL (Netherlands)	High-skilled clerical	21.7	22.8
	Low-skilled clerical	14.0	14.2
	High-skilled manual	15.5	24.4
	Low-skilled manual	14.3	30.9
	Total	17.6	20.3
AT (Austria)	High-skilled clerical	35.0	24.1
	Low-skilled clerical	33.6	16.4
	High-skilled manual	30.7	16.5
	Low-skilled manual	30.3	18.7
	Total	32.6	18.1
PL (Poland)	High-skilled clerical	23.0	21.9
	Low-skilled clerical	19.7	14.3
	High-skilled manual	16.4	16.8
	Low-skilled manual	12.7	10.6
	Total	17.3	16.4
PT (Portugal)	High-skilled clerical	21.8	11.3
	Low-skilled clerical	10.5	9.8
	High-skilled manual	7.7	9.2
	Low-skilled manual	8.8	0.0
	Total	10.9	8.5
RO (Romania)	High-skilled clerical	17.0	48.9
	Low-skilled clerical	14.5	24.5
	High-skilled manual	27.3	28.9
	Low-skilled manual	17.2	25.3
	Total	20.8	32.2
SI (Slovenia)	High-skilled clerical	32.9	38.9
	Low-skilled clerical	26.2	34.4
	High-skilled manual	27.0	32.1
	Low-skilled manual	13.8	22.4
	Total	24.9	32.9
SK (Slovakia)	High-skilled clerical	15.8	19.2
	Low-skilled clerical	17.3	18.4
	High-skilled manual	12.2	20.0
	Low-skilled manual	9.5	17.6
	Total	13.8	18.7
FI (Finland)	High-skilled clerical	34.7	40.0
	Low-skilled clerical	37.8	40.2
	High-skilled manual	38.7	47.8
	Low-skilled manual	29.5	40.9
	Total	36.5	41.2
SE (Sweden)	High-skilled clerical	41.5	45.7
	Low-skilled clerical	40.9	49.2
	High-skilled manual	51.8	43.8
	Low-skilled manual	36.5	19.9
	Total	41.6	43.4
UK (United Kingdom)	High-skilled clerical	27.5	28.1
	Low-skilled clerical	22.2	24.7
	High-skilled manual	28.2	40.1
	Low-skilled manual	27.0	17.1
	Total	25.4	26.3
HR (Croatia)	High-skilled clerical	32.3	21.6
	Low-skilled clerical	26.0	18.8
	High-skilled manual	10.8	19.8
	Low-skilled manual	18.3	10.3
	Total	22.4	17.8
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	High-skilled clerical	.	42.1
	Low-skilled clerical	.	30.8
	High-skilled manual	.	40.9
	Low-skilled manual	.	24.1
	Total	.	31.2
TR (Turkey)	High-skilled clerical	29.4	37.4
	Low-skilled clerical	20.8	23.8
	High-skilled manual	30.3	47.8
	Low-skilled manual	24.5	16.8
	Total	27.3	27.8
NO (Norway)	High-skilled clerical	37.6	47.5
	Low-skilled clerical	35.1	33.4
	High-skilled manual	45.8	47.0
	Low-skilled manual	30.2	29.7
	Total	36.4	37.6
AL (Albania)	High-skilled clerical	.	25.2
	Low-skilled clerical	.	18.9
	High-skilled manual	.	53.6
	Low-skilled manual	.	15.0
	Total	.	30.6
XK (Kosovo)	High-skilled clerical	.	39.3
	Low-skilled clerical	.	28.9
	High-skilled manual	.	34.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	34.9
	Total	.	33.8
ME (Montenegro)	High-skilled clerical	.	32.1
	Low-skilled clerical	.	19.8
	High-skilled manual	.	37.7
	Low-skilled manual	.	14.2
	Total	.	23.5
CH (Switzerland)	High-skilled clerical	23.4	.
	Low-skilled clerical	12.5	.
	High-skilled manual	15.2	.
	Low-skilled manual	8.4	.
	Total	15.5	.
EC12	High-skilled clerical	27.0	26.0
	Low-skilled clerical	20.1	20.2
	High-skilled manual	21.7	22.5
	Low-skilled manual	19.6	17.4
	Total	22.2	21.6
EU15	High-skilled clerical	27.7	26.9
	Low-skilled clerical	21.5	21.3
	High-skilled manual	22.9	23.0
	Low-skilled manual	20.4	17.9
	Total	23.3	22.5
EU27	High-skilled clerical	27.0	27.4
	Low-skilled clerical	20.9	20.9
	High-skilled manual	21.9	22.4
	Low-skilled manual	18.6	17.4
	Total	22.2	22.2

Page last updated: 15 November, 2010

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