EWCS 2010 Survey Results

Number of hours spent on paid and unpaid work per week (index)

Available languages:

Note: This is an index based on a number of questions

Resize map: Default | Large

Gender

Number of hours spent on paid and unpaid work per week (index) - More than 70
Country	Gender	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Male	15.0	14.3
	Female	27.3	27.5
	Total	20.4	20.3
BG (Bulgaria)	Male	18.0	7.3
	Female	44.0	24.3
	Total	30.1	15.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	Male	10.3	10.4
	Female	27.8	38.9
	Total	18.0	22.8
DK (Denmark)	Male	17.0	31.0
	Female	25.5	40.0
	Total	21.0	35.2
DE (Germany)	Male	4.9	7.0
	Female	18.2	20.1
	Total	11.0	13.0
EE (Estonia)	Male	21.1	20.7
	Female	40.1	38.3
	Total	30.7	30.0
EL (Greece)	Male	27.2	17.9
	Female	50.0	43.3
	Total	35.8	28.1
ES (Spain)	Male	11.0	17.4
	Female	34.6	43.4
	Total	20.4	28.8
FR (France)	Male	7.8	9.9
	Female	31.2	28.8
	Total	18.9	18.9
IE (Ireland)	Male	15.0	21.8
	Female	31.5	36.3
	Total	22.0	28.4
IT (Italy)	Male	10.5	8.4
	Female	40.0	30.8
	Total	22.1	17.5
CY (Cyprus)	Male	9.7	12.8
	Female	53.5	42.0
	Total	28.4	25.9
LV (Latvia)	Male	24.2	20.2
	Female	41.3	37.4
	Total	32.8	29.1
LT (Lithuania)	Male	11.0	5.8
	Female	27.1	22.4
	Total	19.0	14.6
LU (Luxembourg)	Male	18.3	9.9
	Female	38.0	27.3
	Total	26.4	17.4
HU (Hungary)	Male	23.5	17.7
	Female	44.5	46.9
	Total	33.1	31.2
MT (Malta)	Male	14.4	16.3
	Female	26.9	34.9
	Total	18.3	22.5
NL (Netherlands)	Male	20.7	25.3
	Female	35.2	38.3
	Total	27.2	31.3
AT (Austria)	Male	9.8	10.0
	Female	25.2	21.9
	Total	16.9	15.5
PL (Poland)	Male	24.7	15.6
	Female	47.9	39.1
	Total	35.2	26.3
PT (Portugal)	Male	17.8	14.4
	Female	46.1	36.3
	Total	31.0	24.7
RO (Romania)	Male	31.1	11.7
	Female	58.3	42.0
	Total	44.0	25.0
SI (Slovenia)	Male	16.4	17.3
	Female	49.9	41.0
	Total	31.6	28.1
SK (Slovakia)	Male	15.8	11.0
	Female	42.6	40.8
	Total	27.7	24.2
FI (Finland)	Male	11.3	12.7
	Female	19.1	19.6
	Total	15.0	16.1
SE (Sweden)	Male	16.2	18.8
	Female	17.7	16.1
	Total	16.9	17.5
UK (United Kingdom)	Male	16.6	20.0
	Female	28.1	31.5
	Total	22.0	25.4
HR (Croatia)	Male	16.3	15.8
	Female	45.0	39.5
	Total	29.1	26.9
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Male	.	16.0
	Female	.	40.2
	Total	.	25.4
TR (Turkey)	Male	36.6	22.8
	Female	50.7	26.8
	Total	40.3	23.9
NO (Norway)	Male	30.2	23.7
	Female	46.9	33.3
	Total	38.2	28.3
AL (Albania)	Male	.	18.9
	Female	.	41.6
	Total	.	29.1
XK (Kosovo)	Male	.	30.5
	Female	.	41.5
	Total	.	33.5
ME (Montenegro)	Male	.	16.0
	Female	.	37.4
	Total	.	25.3
CH (Switzerland)	Male	21.0	.
	Female	29.1	.
	Total	24.6	.
EC12	Male	11.5	13.4
	Female	29.9	30.4
	Total	19.6	21.1
EU15	Male	11.6	13.5
	Female	29.3	29.7
	Total	19.4	20.8
EU27	Male	13.6	13.5
	Female	32.6	31.5
	Total	22.1	21.7

Age

Number of hours spent on paid and unpaid work per week (index) - More than 70
Country	Age	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Under 30	13.5	12.3
	30 to 49	25.8	26.7
	50+	11.1	11.8
	Total	20.4	20.3
BG (Bulgaria)	Under 30	21.1	11.4
	30 to 49	36.0	17.6
	50+	23.1	13.5
	Total	30.1	15.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	Under 30	11.7	16.3
	30 to 49	24.8	31.5
	50+	10.0	8.2
	Total	18.0	22.8
DK (Denmark)	Under 30	12.7	22.8
	30 to 49	31.7	54.5
	50+	9.0	12.4
	Total	21.0	35.2
DE (Germany)	Under 30	7.3	8.0
	30 to 49	16.6	17.5
	50+	1.9	8.9
	Total	11.0	13.0
EE (Estonia)	Under 30	26.2	28.9
	30 to 49	37.6	36.7
	50+	21.4	18.8
	Total	30.7	30.0
EL (Greece)	Under 30	22.5	12.7
	30 to 49	41.0	34.2
	50+	34.9	25.9
	Total	35.8	28.1
ES (Spain)	Under 30	10.2	14.9
	30 to 49	27.7	34.6
	50+	12.4	26.7
	Total	20.4	28.8
FR (France)	Under 30	9.9	16.0
	30 to 49	25.3	24.3
	50+	11.6	8.8
	Total	18.9	18.9
IE (Ireland)	Under 30	11.5	14.8
	30 to 49	30.1	37.9
	50+	18.9	21.7
	Total	22.0	28.4
IT (Italy)	Under 30	7.4	1.9
	30 to 49	28.3	24.4
	50+	17.4	13.4
	Total	22.1	17.5
CY (Cyprus)	Under 30	23.6	11.9
	30 to 49	36.8	32.4
	50+	14.7	24.3
	Total	28.4	25.9
LV (Latvia)	Under 30	31.8	24.3
	30 to 49	38.1	35.7
	50+	23.5	21.5
	Total	32.8	29.1
LT (Lithuania)	Under 30	16.9	8.3
	30 to 49	23.4	20.1
	50+	9.8	8.2
	Total	19.0	14.6
LU (Luxembourg)	Under 30	21.1	10.2
	30 to 49	27.2	22.4
	50+	27.6	10.4
	Total	26.4	17.4
HU (Hungary)	Under 30	22.5	21.1
	30 to 49	42.8	38.1
	50+	21.5	23.8
	Total	33.1	31.2
MT (Malta)	Under 30	10.8	10.7
	30 to 49	25.3	31.2
	50+	14.2	21.8
	Total	18.3	22.5
NL (Netherlands)	Under 30	12.0	12.0
	30 to 49	41.4	48.5
	50+	12.3	18.8
	Total	27.2	31.3
AT (Austria)	Under 30	8.0	11.6
	30 to 49	22.6	21.8
	50+	11.7	6.4
	Total	16.9	15.5
PL (Poland)	Under 30	25.3	15.2
	30 to 49	42.9	33.3
	50+	27.5	22.7
	Total	35.2	26.3
PT (Portugal)	Under 30	19.7	18.8
	30 to 49	39.5	31.5
	50+	24.2	16.4
	Total	31.0	24.7
RO (Romania)	Under 30	30.6	11.9
	30 to 49	49.9	31.3
	50+	43.2	22.6
	Total	44.0	25.0
SI (Slovenia)	Under 30	18.0	15.1
	30 to 49	40.4	38.1
	50+	21.5	20.0
	Total	31.6	28.1
SK (Slovakia)	Under 30	20.9	12.2
	30 to 49	33.9	32.0
	50+	18.9	17.4
	Total	27.7	24.2
FI (Finland)	Under 30	18.0	21.1
	30 to 49	19.2	24.1
	50+	5.9	2.0
	Total	15.0	16.1
SE (Sweden)	Under 30	8.7	16.0
	30 to 49	28.1	25.0
	50+	5.0	8.4
	Total	16.9	17.5
UK (United Kingdom)	Under 30	15.9	15.0
	30 to 49	29.0	35.5
	50+	14.5	16.1
	Total	22.0	25.4
HR (Croatia)	Under 30	20.8	11.2
	30 to 49	36.5	36.7
	50+	20.2	21.8
	Total	29.1	26.9
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Under 30	.	13.5
	30 to 49	.	33.6
	50+	.	17.4
	Total	.	25.4
TR (Turkey)	Under 30	34.9	21.0
	30 to 49	47.6	27.8
	50+	30.5	17.8
	Total	40.3	23.9
NO (Norway)	Under 30	29.1	18.1
	30 to 49	57.8	43.2
	50+	11.4	10.8
	Total	38.2	28.3
AL (Albania)	Under 30	.	23.0
	30 to 49	.	31.5
	50+	.	29.4
	Total	.	29.1
XK (Kosovo)	Under 30	.	24.9
	30 to 49	.	42.4
	50+	.	31.4
	Total	.	33.5
ME (Montenegro)	Under 30	.	15.9
	30 to 49	.	30.9
	50+	.	25.0
	Total	.	25.3
CH (Switzerland)	Under 30	14.5	.
	30 to 49	34.5	.
	50+	13.0	.
	Total	24.6	.
EC12	Under 30	11.2	11.9
	30 to 49	26.5	28.4
	50+	11.7	14.1
	Total	19.6	21.1
EU15	Under 30	11.2	12.1
	30 to 49	26.3	28.1
	50+	11.4	13.6
	Total	19.4	20.8
EU27	Under 30	13.7	12.7
	30 to 49	29.0	28.8
	50+	14.1	14.6
	Total	22.1	21.7

Employment status

Number of hours spent on paid and unpaid work per week (index) - More than 70
Country	Employment status	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Employee - permanent contract	18.8	20.6
	Employee - other arrangement	17.1	14.3
	Self-employed	33.3	25.0
	Total	20.4	20.3
BG (Bulgaria)	Employee - permanent contract	25.7	14.8
	Employee - other arrangement	33.6	14.2
	Self-employed	48.4	23.4
	Total	30.1	15.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	Employee - permanent contract	17.4	26.7
	Employee - other arrangement	20.6	15.4
	Self-employed	19.5	14.5
	Total	18.0	22.8
DK (Denmark)	Employee - permanent contract	21.6	35.4
	Employee - other arrangement	17.4	26.5
	Self-employed	26.9	46.7
	Total	21.0	35.2
DE (Germany)	Employee - permanent contract	10.6	12.2
	Employee - other arrangement	7.2	11.6
	Self-employed	20.9	21.7
	Total	11.0	13.0
EE (Estonia)	Employee - permanent contract	32.1	31.6
	Employee - other arrangement	17.1	24.2
	Self-employed	41.2	24.5
	Total	30.7	30.0
EL (Greece)	Employee - permanent contract	28.2	19.2
	Employee - other arrangement	35.5	24.1
	Self-employed	45.5	41.7
	Total	35.8	28.1
ES (Spain)	Employee - permanent contract	17.2	28.6
	Employee - other arrangement	22.9	26.9
	Self-employed	25.0	33.8
	Total	20.4	28.8
FR (France)	Employee - permanent contract	18.3	17.9
	Employee - other arrangement	17.6	17.7
	Self-employed	25.4	25.3
	Total	18.9	18.9
IE (Ireland)	Employee - permanent contract	21.0	33.1
	Employee - other arrangement	19.0	21.8
	Self-employed	29.7	28.3
	Total	22.0	28.4
IT (Italy)	Employee - permanent contract	23.2	18.7
	Employee - other arrangement	16.1	12.1
	Self-employed	23.9	18.5
	Total	22.1	17.5
CY (Cyprus)	Employee - permanent contract	34.0	26.8
	Employee - other arrangement	25.5	25.2
	Self-employed	23.9	24.9
	Total	28.4	25.9
LV (Latvia)	Employee - permanent contract	34.3	27.0
	Employee - other arrangement	25.8	41.9
	Self-employed	35.0	28.2
	Total	32.8	29.1
LT (Lithuania)	Employee - permanent contract	19.2	13.7
	Employee - other arrangement	17.1	16.8
	Self-employed	19.9	19.2
	Total	19.0	14.6
LU (Luxembourg)	Employee - permanent contract	25.2	16.1
	Employee - other arrangement	21.5	16.7
	Self-employed	46.8	31.1
	Total	26.4	17.4
HU (Hungary)	Employee - permanent contract	35.1	32.1
	Employee - other arrangement	24.4	28.3
	Self-employed	31.9	32.3
	Total	33.1	31.2
MT (Malta)	Employee - permanent contract	16.3	20.3
	Employee - other arrangement	18.6	21.3
	Self-employed	25.0	33.7
	Total	18.3	22.5
NL (Netherlands)	Employee - permanent contract	28.3	32.9
	Employee - other arrangement	19.6	18.6
	Self-employed	35.5	40.5
	Total	27.2	31.3
AT (Austria)	Employee - permanent contract	12.4	15.1
	Employee - other arrangement	11.3	17.7
	Self-employed	38.3	16.1
	Total	16.9	15.5
PL (Poland)	Employee - permanent contract	29.9	23.2
	Employee - other arrangement	35.7	21.0
	Self-employed	48.3	42.4
	Total	35.2	26.3
PT (Portugal)	Employee - permanent contract	29.5	24.9
	Employee - other arrangement	24.1	23.9
	Self-employed	41.2	26.3
	Total	31.0	24.7
RO (Romania)	Employee - permanent contract	40.4	23.1
	Employee - other arrangement	30.6	19.3
	Self-employed	58.7	37.5
	Total	44.0	25.0
SI (Slovenia)	Employee - permanent contract	32.0	30.0
	Employee - other arrangement	27.2	23.1
	Self-employed	39.1	32.9
	Total	31.6	28.1
SK (Slovakia)	Employee - permanent contract	27.4	25.5
	Employee - other arrangement	26.4	17.3
	Self-employed	31.5	30.1
	Total	27.7	24.2
FI (Finland)	Employee - permanent contract	14.0	14.6
	Employee - other arrangement	19.8	20.6
	Self-employed	14.4	17.2
	Total	15.0	16.1
SE (Sweden)	Employee - permanent contract	17.0	20.2
	Employee - other arrangement	16.1	5.5
	Self-employed	21.9	13.5
	Total	16.9	17.5
UK (United Kingdom)	Employee - permanent contract	24.1	24.9
	Employee - other arrangement	18.1	25.7
	Self-employed	21.6	29.8
	Total	22.0	25.4
HR (Croatia)	Employee - permanent contract	30.4	25.4
	Employee - other arrangement	26.3	21.6
	Self-employed	25.6	37.5
	Total	29.1	26.9
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Employee - permanent contract	.	26.4
	Employee - other arrangement	.	23.0
	Self-employed	.	26.5
	Total	.	25.4
TR (Turkey)	Employee - permanent contract	39.6	17.0
	Employee - other arrangement	41.9	22.0
	Self-employed	40.1	30.8
	Total	40.3	23.9
NO (Norway)	Employee - permanent contract	38.3	28.6
	Employee - other arrangement	36.7	25.7
	Self-employed	36.0	27.9
	Total	38.2	28.3
AL (Albania)	Employee - permanent contract	.	15.6
	Employee - other arrangement	.	21.5
	Self-employed	.	40.2
	Total	.	29.1
XK (Kosovo)	Employee - permanent contract	.	35.2
	Employee - other arrangement	.	24.3
	Self-employed	.	38.3
	Total	.	33.5
ME (Montenegro)	Employee - permanent contract	.	26.0
	Employee - other arrangement	.	23.7
	Self-employed	.	25.3
	Total	.	25.3
CH (Switzerland)	Employee - permanent contract	24.9	.
	Employee - other arrangement	12.7	.
	Self-employed	33.1	.
	Total	24.6	.
EC12	Employee - permanent contract	18.8	20.5
	Employee - other arrangement	17.9	19.4
	Self-employed	26.1	27.2
	Total	19.6	21.1
EU15	Employee - permanent contract	18.5	20.3
	Employee - other arrangement	17.8	19.2
	Self-employed	26.2	26.7
	Total	19.4	20.8
EU27	Employee - permanent contract	20.7	21.0
	Employee - other arrangement	20.3	19.5
	Self-employed	30.6	28.7
	Total	22.1	21.7

Industry/Services

Number of hours spent on paid and unpaid work per week (index) - More than 70
Country	Industry/Services	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	Industry	19.3	18.9
	Services	20.8	20.8
	Total	20.4	20.3
BG (Bulgaria)	Industry	27.0	15.2
	Services	33.5	15.5
	Total	30.1	15.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	Industry	14.2	21.3
	Services	21.0	24.0
	Total	18.0	22.8
DK (Denmark)	Industry	15.0	29.2
	Services	23.4	37.0
	Total	21.0	35.2
DE (Germany)	Industry	8.3	10.2
	Services	12.1	14.3
	Total	11.0	13.0
EE (Estonia)	Industry	27.0	29.9
	Services	33.2	30.0
	Total	30.7	30.0
EL (Greece)	Industry	32.3	25.5
	Services	37.6	29.3
	Total	35.8	28.1
ES (Spain)	Industry	16.2	24.4
	Services	23.2	30.7
	Total	20.4	28.8
FR (France)	Industry	16.0	14.1
	Services	20.3	20.6
	Total	18.9	18.9
IE (Ireland)	Industry	19.0	27.9
	Services	23.9	28.6
	Total	22.0	28.4
IT (Italy)	Industry	13.8	12.5
	Services	26.7	19.8
	Total	22.1	17.5
CY (Cyprus)	Industry	16.4	14.3
	Services	33.5	29.5
	Total	28.4	25.9
LV (Latvia)	Industry	35.3	26.8
	Services	31.3	30.1
	Total	32.8	29.1
LT (Lithuania)	Industry	17.2	13.7
	Services	20.6	15.0
	Total	19.0	14.6
LU (Luxembourg)	Industry	23.6	17.2
	Services	27.5	17.4
	Total	26.4	17.4
HU (Hungary)	Industry	33.9	25.1
	Services	32.3	34.5
	Total	33.1	31.2
MT (Malta)	Industry	14.9	15.2
	Services	20.0	24.8
	Total	18.3	22.5
NL (Netherlands)	Industry	25.8	30.3
	Services	27.7	31.5
	Total	27.2	31.3
AT (Austria)	Industry	12.1	12.6
	Services	19.4	16.7
	Total	16.9	15.5
PL (Poland)	Industry	36.5	28.2
	Services	33.6	25.9
	Total	35.2	26.3
PT (Portugal)	Industry	30.9	21.0
	Services	31.1	26.7
	Total	31.0	24.7
RO (Romania)	Industry	45.7	26.8
	Services	40.3	23.2
	Total	44.0	25.0
SI (Slovenia)	Industry	30.3	24.4
	Services	33.0	30.4
	Total	31.6	28.1
SK (Slovakia)	Industry	26.5	20.1
	Services	28.8	27.3
	Total	27.7	24.2
FI (Finland)	Industry	13.1	13.7
	Services	15.8	16.9
	Total	15.0	16.1
SE (Sweden)	Industry	17.1	23.3
	Services	17.0	16.2
	Total	16.9	17.5
UK (United Kingdom)	Industry	16.2	19.2
	Services	23.8	27.0
	Total	22.0	25.4
HR (Croatia)	Industry	23.9	25.0
	Services	34.0	28.1
	Total	29.1	26.9
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	Industry	.	26.0
	Services	.	25.8
	Total	.	25.4
TR (Turkey)	Industry	36.5	20.8
	Services	42.7	26.4
	Total	40.3	23.9
NO (Norway)	Industry	27.9	26.2
	Services	41.7	29.1
	Total	38.2	28.3
AL (Albania)	Industry	.	36.1
	Services	.	22.9
	Total	.	29.1
XK (Kosovo)	Industry	.	37.9
	Services	.	31.1
	Total	.	33.5
ME (Montenegro)	Industry	.	21.5
	Services	.	26.8
	Total	.	25.3
CH (Switzerland)	Industry	23.2	.
	Services	25.1	.
	Total	24.6	.
EC12	Industry	15.5	16.6
	Services	21.6	22.9
	Total	19.6	21.1
EU15	Industry	15.4	16.5
	Services	21.4	22.5
	Total	19.4	20.8
EU27	Industry	20.4	18.9
	Services	23.0	22.9
	Total	22.1	21.7

Type of occupation

Number of hours spent on paid and unpaid work per week (index) - More than 70
Country	Type of occupation	2005	2010
BE (Belgium)	High-skilled clerical	24.7	23.5
	Low-skilled clerical	19.3	21.4
	High-skilled manual	16.0	11.1
	Low-skilled manual	18.5	17.3
	Total	20.4	20.3
BG (Bulgaria)	High-skilled clerical	29.5	14.1
	Low-skilled clerical	34.0	19.2
	High-skilled manual	35.9	12.0
	Low-skilled manual	23.2	13.7
	Total	30.1	15.4
CZ (Czech Republic)	High-skilled clerical	22.9	21.1
	Low-skilled clerical	21.5	27.4
	High-skilled manual	9.8	17.9
	Low-skilled manual	15.4	18.9
	Total	18.0	22.8
DK (Denmark)	High-skilled clerical	32.4	42.9
	Low-skilled clerical	21.6	36.6
	High-skilled manual	17.0	21.2
	Low-skilled manual	9.2	30.1
	Total	21.0	35.2
DE (Germany)	High-skilled clerical	17.1	22.1
	Low-skilled clerical	12.1	13.7
	High-skilled manual	5.6	2.1
	Low-skilled manual	6.4	9.8
	Total	11.0	13.0
EE (Estonia)	High-skilled clerical	35.5	30.4
	Low-skilled clerical	31.5	30.8
	High-skilled manual	26.0	29.0
	Low-skilled manual	28.5	28.8
	Total	30.7	30.0
EL (Greece)	High-skilled clerical	31.2	26.5
	Low-skilled clerical	42.0	32.3
	High-skilled manual	34.1	27.6
	Low-skilled manual	32.0	22.3
	Total	35.8	28.1
ES (Spain)	High-skilled clerical	20.7	36.6
	Low-skilled clerical	24.3	29.8
	High-skilled manual	9.4	16.0
	Low-skilled manual	23.1	28.8
	Total	20.4	28.8
FR (France)	High-skilled clerical	14.0	23.2
	Low-skilled clerical	21.9	22.1
	High-skilled manual	15.1	7.8
	Low-skilled manual	19.4	15.6
	Total	18.9	18.9
IE (Ireland)	High-skilled clerical	25.7	30.0
	Low-skilled clerical	21.2	31.5
	High-skilled manual	19.4	24.2
	Low-skilled manual	19.1	18.5
	Total	22.0	28.4
IT (Italy)	High-skilled clerical	24.5	19.6
	Low-skilled clerical	25.2	20.9
	High-skilled manual	14.3	11.8
	Low-skilled manual	18.6	13.0
	Total	22.1	17.5
CY (Cyprus)	High-skilled clerical	27.4	25.7
	Low-skilled clerical	39.5	29.8
	High-skilled manual	12.7	14.2
	Low-skilled manual	20.5	26.3
	Total	28.4	25.9
LV (Latvia)	High-skilled clerical	31.8	28.0
	Low-skilled clerical	36.6	31.2
	High-skilled manual	30.5	26.5
	Low-skilled manual	30.8	28.6
	Total	32.8	29.1
LT (Lithuania)	High-skilled clerical	21.1	16.6
	Low-skilled clerical	19.1	16.3
	High-skilled manual	10.3	10.6
	Low-skilled manual	24.2	12.9
	Total	19.0	14.6
LU (Luxembourg)	High-skilled clerical	22.8	20.9
	Low-skilled clerical	29.9	16.0
	High-skilled manual	21.1	19.8
	Low-skilled manual	27.5	11.6
	Total	26.4	17.4
HU (Hungary)	High-skilled clerical	31.1	32.7
	Low-skilled clerical	34.5	37.3
	High-skilled manual	31.7	21.5
	Low-skilled manual	33.5	27.4
	Total	33.1	31.2
MT (Malta)	High-skilled clerical	24.2	26.0
	Low-skilled clerical	16.5	27.4
	High-skilled manual	20.3	15.8
	Low-skilled manual	15.6	13.0
	Total	18.3	22.5
NL (Netherlands)	High-skilled clerical	30.1	33.9
	Low-skilled clerical	32.5	30.9
	High-skilled manual	13.6	32.0
	Low-skilled manual	18.6	26.3
	Total	27.2	31.3
AT (Austria)	High-skilled clerical	35.0	18.2
	Low-skilled clerical	13.3	16.5
	High-skilled manual	13.6	10.3
	Low-skilled manual	14.5	15.2
	Total	16.9	15.5
PL (Poland)	High-skilled clerical	40.9	23.2
	Low-skilled clerical	33.0	28.1
	High-skilled manual	38.6	31.6
	Low-skilled manual	29.7	18.8
	Total	35.2	26.3
PT (Portugal)	High-skilled clerical	35.7	26.5
	Low-skilled clerical	30.8	29.3
	High-skilled manual	20.8	18.2
	Low-skilled manual	34.6	23.1
	Total	31.0	24.7
RO (Romania)	High-skilled clerical	40.3	28.4
	Low-skilled clerical	41.5	28.0
	High-skilled manual	46.1	23.0
	Low-skilled manual	44.7	20.2
	Total	44.0	25.0
SI (Slovenia)	High-skilled clerical	27.9	33.6
	Low-skilled clerical	31.5	27.9
	High-skilled manual	32.3	23.6
	Low-skilled manual	34.5	25.3
	Total	31.6	28.1
SK (Slovakia)	High-skilled clerical	33.8	25.5
	Low-skilled clerical	29.0	28.7
	High-skilled manual	20.2	20.0
	Low-skilled manual	27.7	19.9
	Total	27.7	24.2
FI (Finland)	High-skilled clerical	13.9	15.3
	Low-skilled clerical	15.7	16.6
	High-skilled manual	11.7	16.7
	Low-skilled manual	18.3	15.5
	Total	15.0	16.1
SE (Sweden)	High-skilled clerical	18.6	20.9
	Low-skilled clerical	15.7	14.4
	High-skilled manual	17.2	15.8
	Low-skilled manual	18.1	22.4
	Total	16.9	17.5
UK (United Kingdom)	High-skilled clerical	27.4	30.5
	Low-skilled clerical	23.3	26.5
	High-skilled manual	14.4	15.6
	Low-skilled manual	15.5	18.7
	Total	22.0	25.4
HR (Croatia)	High-skilled clerical	35.4	25.6
	Low-skilled clerical	34.0	27.9
	High-skilled manual	19.2	30.9
	Low-skilled manual	25.1	21.6
	Total	29.1	26.9
MK (FYR of Macedonia)	High-skilled clerical	.	28.4
	Low-skilled clerical	.	25.2
	High-skilled manual	.	23.4
	Low-skilled manual	.	26.2
	Total	.	25.4
TR (Turkey)	High-skilled clerical	49.1	30.9
	Low-skilled clerical	39.2	23.3
	High-skilled manual	38.4	20.8
	Low-skilled manual	39.6	23.5
	Total	40.3	23.9
NO (Norway)	High-skilled clerical	45.5	30.7
	Low-skilled clerical	39.5	30.5
	High-skilled manual	23.0	14.9
	Low-skilled manual	37.8	27.1
	Total	38.2	28.3
AL (Albania)	High-skilled clerical	.	24.2
	Low-skilled clerical	.	25.5
	High-skilled manual	.	36.8
	Low-skilled manual	.	22.3
	Total	.	29.1
XK (Kosovo)	High-skilled clerical	.	32.7
	Low-skilled clerical	.	29.5
	High-skilled manual	.	41.3
	Low-skilled manual	.	37.9
	Total	.	33.5
ME (Montenegro)	High-skilled clerical	.	20.9
	Low-skilled clerical	.	27.5
	High-skilled manual	.	25.0
	Low-skilled manual	.	23.3
	Total	.	25.3
CH (Switzerland)	High-skilled clerical	19.3	.
	Low-skilled clerical	27.2	.
	High-skilled manual	26.4	.
	Low-skilled manual	21.1	.
	Total	24.6	.
EC12	High-skilled clerical	23.1	27.1
	Low-skilled clerical	21.3	22.6
	High-skilled manual	12.6	11.7
	Low-skilled manual	17.6	17.7
	Total	19.6	21.1
EU15	High-skilled clerical	23.0	26.6
	Low-skilled clerical	20.8	22.1
	High-skilled manual	12.7	11.8
	Low-skilled manual	17.6	17.7
	Total	19.4	20.8
EU27	High-skilled clerical	24.7	26.2
	Low-skilled clerical	22.4	23.1
	High-skilled manual	20.1	15.4
	Low-skilled manual	20.5	18.2
	Total	22.1	21.7

Page last updated: 15 November, 2010

^Back to top of page