Evropská nadace pro zlepšování životních a pracovních podmínek
Nadace Eurofound je tripartitní agenturou Evropské unie, která poskytuje přehled poznatků s cílem přispívat k rozvoji lepších sociálních, zaměstnaneckých a pracovních politik
Nadace Eurofound je tripartitní agenturou Evropské unie, která poskytuje přehled poznatků s cílem přispívat k rozvoji lepších sociálních, zaměstnaneckých a pracovních politik
The EU Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in
employment and occupation (Directive 2000/78/EC [1]) was adopted in November
2000 (EU0102295F [2]). The Directive seeks to lay down a general framework
for combating discrimination, as regards employment and occupation, on the
grounds of: religion or belief; disability; age; and sexual orientation. It
is to be implemented by the EU Member States by 2 December 2003 (with a
possible later deadline for the provisions on age and disability
discrimination, if Member States see this as necessary).
The EU Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in
employment and occupation (Directive 2000/78/EC [1]) was adopted in November
2000 (EU0102295F [2]). The Directive seeks to lay down a general framework
for combating discrimination, as regards employment and occupation, on the
grounds of: religion or belief; disability; age; and sexual orientation. It
is to be implemented by the EU Member States by 2 December 2003 (with a
possible later deadline for the provisions on age and disability
discrimination, if Member States see this as necessary).
This article examines the French situation, as of August 2003, with regard to
the implementation and impact of the 2000 EU Directive establishing a general
framework for equal treatment in employment and occupation, which seeks to
combat discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age
and sexual orientation.
This report, tackling 25 years of work by the Foundation on time and time related issues, represents an innovative attempt to draw together and consolidate the body of work carried out by the Foundation on this subject. In taking the large range of work on time as the main subject of analysis, the report provides some context to the influence of such work at a European and national level. Significantly, it underlines how the study of time issues can provide crucial insights into how best to address the challenges of the European social policy agenda and examines to what extent this has been achieved.
The EU Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in
employment and occupation (Directive 2000/78/EC [1]) was adopted in November
2000 (EU0102295F [2]). The Directive seeks to lay down a general framework
for combating discrimination, as regards employment and occupation, on the
grounds of: religion or belief; disability; age; and sexual orientation. It
is to be implemented by the EU Member States by 2 December 2003 (with a
possible later deadline for the provisions on age and disability
discrimination, if Member States see this as necessary).
The EU Directive establishing a general framework for equal treatment in
employment and occupation (Directive 2000/78/EC [1]) was adopted in November
2000 (EU0102295F [2]). The Directive seeks to lay down a general framework
for combating discrimination, as regards employment and occupation, on the
grounds of: religion or belief; disability; age; and sexual orientation. It
is to be implemented by the EU Member States by 2 December 2003 (with a
possible later deadline for the provisions on age and disability
discrimination, if Member States see this as necessary).
In June 2003, the Portuguese government issued a set of discussion papers
setting out proposals for reform of the public administration, with the aim
of making it more flexible. Along with organisational and management changes,
the proposals include new assessment procedures and training measures for
civil servants. Trade unions have complained of a lack of dialogue and
consultation on the reform
Recent figures from Statistics Norway (Statistisk Sentralbyrå, SSB) show a
significant decline in the labour force participation rate of people with
disabilities, or 'impaired functionality'. Only 42.5% of all people in this
group were in employment in the second quarter of 2003, while at the same
time 3.9% were unemployed, compared with 46.6% and 3.1% respectively in the
same quarter of 2002. The total labour force participation rate of people
with disabilities/impaired functionality was 46.4% in the second quarter of
2003 - a significant drop from the 49.5% recorded in the same quarter of
2002. The figure is much lower than that for the whole population, which has
a labour force participation rate of 79% in 2003. The unemployment rate, on
the other hand, is not higher among people with disabilities than in the
population at large.
This report demonstrates the form that the descriptive and analytical components of the monitoring programme on quality of life could take. If individual and national quality of life is to be improved in the European Union through evidence based social policy, this will require both descriptive and analytical monitoring programmes. This report begins the task of providing both a descriptive benchmark for the monitoring programme and an analytical understanding of the processes that shape these patterns.
Temporary agency workers can no longer be employed at lower wages than paid
to employees of the user company at the same workplace for the same work.
This is the implication of an arbitration award issued on 1 September 2003 in
a case involving the Union of Danish Electricians (Dansk El-Forbund) and
Tekniq, the employers' organisation for heating and plumbing engineering and
electrical installation, which found that temporary agency workers should
work under the same contractual terms as apply to user company employees who
perform the same work, including the same wages. The building workers'
section of the General Workers’ Union in Denmark (Specialarbejderforbundet
i Danmark, SiD) has described this award as a 'U-turn' in terms of the legal
status of temporary agency workers.
Eurofound’s work on COVID-19 examines the far-reaching socioeconomic implications of the pandemic across Europe as they continue to impact living and working conditions. A key element of the research is the e-survey, launched in April 2020, with five rounds completed at different stages during 2020, 2021 and 2022. This is complemented by the inclusion of research into the ongoing effects of the pandemic in much of Eurofound’s other areas of work.
Eurofound's representativeness studies are designed to allow the European Commission to identify the ‘management and labour’ whom it must consult under article 154 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This series consists of studies of the representativeness of employer and worker organisations in various sectors.
This series reports on developments in minimum wage rates across the EU, including how they are set and how they have developed over time in nominal and real terms. The series explores where there are statutory minimum wages or collectively agreed minimum wages in the Member States, as well as minimum wage coverage rates by gender.
The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) launched in 1990 and is carried out every five years, with the latest edition in 2015. It provides an overview of trends in working conditions and quality of employment for the last 30 years. It covers issues such as employment status, working time duration and organisation, work organisation, learning and training, physical and psychosocial risk factors, health and safety, work–life balance, worker participation, earnings and financial security, work and health, and most recently also the future of work.
The European Restructuring Monitor has reported on the employment impact of large-scale business restructuring since 2002. This series includes its restructuring-related databases (events, support instruments and legislation) as well as case studies and publications.
Eurofound’s Flagship report series 'Challenges and prospects in the EU' comprise research reports that contain the key results of multiannual research activities and incorporate findings from different related research projects. Flagship reports are the major output of each of Eurofound’s strategic areas of intervention and have as their objective to contribute to current policy debates.
Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the ECS 2019, the fourth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2004–2005 as the European Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance.
This series reports on and updates latest information on the involvement of national social partners in policymaking. The series analyses the involvement of national social partners in the implementation of policy reforms within the framework of social dialogue practices, including their involvement in elaborating the National Reform Programmes (NRPs).
This series reports on the new forms of employment emerging across Europe that are driven by societal, economic and technological developments and are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. This series explores what characterises these new employment forms and what implications they have for working conditions and the labour market.
The European Company Survey (ECS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2004–2005, with the latest edition in 2019. The survey is designed to provide information on workplace practices to develop and evaluate socioeconomic policy in the EU. It covers issues around work organisation, working time arrangements and work–life balance, flexibility, workplace innovation, employee involvement, human resource management, social dialogue, and most recently also skills use, skills strategies and digitalisation.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the electricity sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of this Eurofound study on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the electricity sector in the EU Member States.
This paper provides an analytical summary of state of the art academic and policy literature on the impact of climate change and policies to manage transitions to a carbon neutral economy on employment, working conditions, social dialogue and living conditions. It maps the key empirical findings around the impact of climate change and the green transitions on jobs, sectors, regions and countries in Europe, identifying the opportunities and risks that climate change policies bring to European labour markets.
Given that compliance with lockdown measures is a first line of defence against COVID-19, maintaining trust in institutions is vital to ensure a coordinated, comprehensive and effective response to the pandemic. This report investigates developments in institutional and interpersonal trust across time, with a particular emphasis on the COVID-19 pandemic period and its impact. It examines the link between trust and discontent and investigates the effect of multidimensional inequalities as a driver of distrust.
The civil aviation sector has been deeply impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is one of the most severe crises the sector has ever experienced, giving rise to a number of significant challenges for companies and workers alike. This study will explore the role of social dialogue and collective bargaining in how the sector is adapting to the pandemic. What kinds of changes have been introduced, either through social dialogue or collective bargaining? Are the changes temporary or permanent?
This policy brief will provide an update on upward convergence in the economic, social and institutional dimensions of the European Union, as outlined in the European Pillar of Social Rights and its accompanying Social Scoreboard.
Lockdown measures and the economic shift following the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a widening of the gender divide between men and women, putting at risk some of the gender equality gains that had been made in previous years. This report analyses changes in the distribution of paid and unpaid work, along with care and domestic responsibilities, among men and women during the crisis. It also explores the impact of the pandemic on the well-being of women and men.
The report provides an overview of the scale of teleworking before and during the COVID-19 crisis and gives an indication of ‘teleworkability’ across sectors and occupations. Building on previous Eurofound research on remote work, the report investigates the way businesses introduced and supported teleworking during the pandemic, as well as the experience of workers who were working from home during the crisis. The report also looks at developments in regulations related to telework in Member States and provides a review of stakeholders’ positions.
The hospital sector has been deeply impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitals and their workers are on the frontline in the fight against the virus, and they face a number of significant challenges in terms of resources, work organisation and working conditions. This study will explore the role of social dialogue and collective bargaining in how the sector is adapting to the pandemic. What kinds of changes have been introduced, either through social dialogue or collective bargaining? Are the changes temporary or permanent?
The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic have varied across sectors, occupations and categories of worker (for instance, according to gender, age or employment status). Hours worked have declined the most in sectors such as accommodation services and food and beverage services, and in occupations heavily reliant on in-person interaction, such as sales work. At the same time, it’s in these sectors that labour shortages have become increasingly evident as labour markets have begun to normalise.
This report analyses the working lives of workers in Europe in 2021, when the continent was still in the grip of the COVID-19 pandemic. It examines working conditions during that period and the association between job quality and work outcomes such as health and well-being, work–life balance, and financial security. The report also considers how the shifts in working life during the pandemic are likely to affect work in the future.
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Eurofound je agentura Evropské unie