- Observatory: EurWORK
- Topic:
- Agreements,
- Collective bargaining,
- Social partners,
- Participation at work,
- Arbejdsmarkedsrelationer,
- Published on: 22 januar 2014
About
Employment in the electricity sector is a small part of Slovakia’s economy, and it has decreased over the last decade, standing at about 1% of aggregate employment in 2011. Industrial relations are quite stable but significant changes have taken place in the set-up of trade unions in the sector. The Slovak Trade Union Association of Energy merged with Chemical Trade Union Association in 2009 and established a new Energy-Chemical Trade Union Association. Some union members established a new Energy Trade Union Association. Employers are represented by the Association of Employers in Energy in Slovakia, which is the partner of two trade union associations in multi-employer collective bargaining. Almost 60% of employees are covered by collective agreements in the sector.
Sectoral properties
Economic background
Sectoral coverage
This representativeness study covers companies and employees in the electricity sector, as defined by NACE Rev. 2 code 35.1:
35.1 Electric power generation, transmission and distribution
35.11 Production of electricity
35.12 Transmission of electricity
35.13 Distribution of electricity
35.14 Trade of electricity
Development of sectoral employment and companies
|
Table 1: Sectoral properties |
2001 |
2011 |
|---|---|---|
| Number of companies in the sector (including one-person companies and self-employed) |
62 |
263 |
| Comment | ||
| Source of company data |
Slovak Statistical Office (ŠÚ SR) |
ŠÚ SR |
| Aggregate employment |
39,800 |
26,800 |
| Male employment |
32,800 |
23,000 |
| Female employment |
7,000 |
3,800 |
| Share of sectoral employment as a % of total employment in the economy |
1.9% |
1.1% |
| Source of employment figures |
ŠÚ SR |
ŠÚ SR |
| Aggregate employees |
37,800 |
25,600 |
| Male employees |
30,800 |
22,000 |
| Female employees |
7,000 |
3,600 |
| Share of sectoral employees as a % of total employees in the economy |
2.0% |
1.3% |
| Source of employee figures |
ŠÚ SR |
ŠÚ SR |
| Comment |
The number of companies in the sector increased four-fold during the decade. However, the number of employees working in the sector decreased by more than 12,000. This implies significant fragmentation of companies with a big shift from large companies to SMEs. In 2001, companies in the sector would employ, on average, 642 people; this figure had decreased to 97 in 2011. Both aggregate employment as well as the number of employees in the sector decreased. The aggregate employment decreased by 13,000 and the number of employees by 12,200. Female aggregate employment and female employees were both 7,000 in 2001. These figures significantly decreased in 2011, to 3,800 and 3,600 respectively.
The role of the sector in the economy diminished in terms of aggregate employment as well as in terms of the number of employees. Figures indicate a decreasing share of aggregate employment in the economy from 1.9% in 2001 to 1.1% in 2011. Similarly, the share of the sector in the economy, in terms of number of employees, decreased from 2.0% to 1.3% in the same period.
2. Overview of the industrial relations landscape in the sector
The Slovak Trade Union Association of Energy (SOZE) merged with Chemical Trade Union Association (OZ Chémia) in 2009 and established a new Energy-Chemical Trade Union Association (ECHOZ). However, a part of the SOZE established a new Energy Trade Union Association (ZOES), which associates workers mainly from power plants and covers electricity production. ECHOZ represents workers from the transmission, distribution and trade of electricity. Employers are represented by the Association of Employers in Energy in Slovakia (ZZES), which is the partner of ECHOZ as well as ZOES in multi-employer collective bargaining.
3. The sector’s trade unions and employer associations
This report includes detailed information on the following trade unions and employer associations:
(i) trade unions (or employees’ interest organisations) and employer organisations (or business associations) which are affiliated to the sector-related European Union Federation(s) or the sector-related European Employer/Business Federation(s) and represent members in the sector
The sector-related European employee organisations are:
- IndustriAll Europa;
- European Federation of Public Service Unions (EPSU).
The sector-related European employer organisations are:
- The union of the electricity industry (EURELECTRIC).
(ii) trade unions and employer organisations which are party to sector-related collective bargaining and represent members in the sector.
This report does not include detailed information on the following organisations, because they fall outside the remit of the study:
iii) Affiliates to EU-level sectoral social partners, but without members in the sector. These are the affiliates of EPSU and IndustriAll Europa that have members in other sectors but not in the electricity sector. Use these weblinks for a full list of the IndustriAll affiliates and EPSU affiliates.
iv) Organisations which are involved in sector-related collective bargaining, but do not represent members in the sector.
v) Organisations which represent members in the sector, but are not involved in sector-related collective bargaining, and are not members of EU-level sectoral social-partner organisations.
3a. Please list all the organisations which can be related to the study in the following overview table
|
Organisation abbreviation |
Sector related (members in the sector) |
Member of a sector-related European organisation |
Involved in sector related CB |
Fact-sheet included |
Source of information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOZ PS |
No |
No, it merged with OZ KOVO in 2007, which is the member now. It is not from the sector. |
No |
No |
Anton Mifka, the Vice president of OZ KOVO. http://www.ozkovo.sk/ |
| SOZZaSS |
No |
Yes, but it is not from the electricity sector |
No |
No |
Anton Szalay, the President of SOZZaSS. |
| POZ |
No |
Yes, but it is not from the electricity sector. |
No |
No |
Peter Kováč, the President of POZ. http://kozsr.sk/poz/index.php?page=kontakty |
| SPP |
No |
Yes, but can be a mistake because SPP is a single company. Anyway, it is not from the sector. |
No |
No |
Richard Vadkerty, POZ representative in EPSU. |
| SOZE |
Yes, but it was abolished and became a part of ECHOZ in 2009 |
No, ECHOZ represents it now. |
No |
No |
Juraj Blahák, the President of ECHOZ |
| ECHOZ |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Juraj Blahák, the President of ECHOZ |
| OZDLV (TUWIFWS) |
No |
Yes, but it is not from the electricity sector. |
No |
No |
Zdenek Dlugoš, the President of OZDLV |
| ZOES |
Yes |
No, but it should be member instead of ZOJES |
Yes |
Yes |
Jozef Stano, the President of ZOES |
| ZOJES |
Yes, but it is not a trade union association. It is a member organisation of ZOES |
Yes, but it was/should be replaced by ZOES |
Yes, but only at company level. |
No |
Jozef Stano, the President of ZOJES |
| ZZES |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Yes |
Vladimir Tonka, Secretary General of the ZZES. |
| Slovak Gas Industry Trade Union |
No |
Yes |
No |
No |
x |
| Slovak Trade Union of Health and Social Services |
No |
Yes |
No |
No |
x |
The annex at the end of this questionnaire provides the list of all the organisations which are members of the sector-related European organisations, broken down by country.
4. Collective bargaining in the electricity sector
4.1. Are employees in the sector as defined in Section 1 above and in Table 1 covered by collective bargaining?
Yes
4.2. If yes, please consider the five main relevant* collective agreements (single-employer and multi-employer agreements) valid in 2012 in the electricity sector and indicate their levels, the name of the agreements, respective coverage in terms of sectors/activities, the bargaining parties to the agreement and the numbers of employees covered within the electricity sector (also estimate):
|
Level |
Common name |
Sectoral coverage |
No. of employees covered within the electricity sector |
Bargaining parties |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Employer(s) (in case of single-employer agreements) or Employer organisation(s) (in case of multi-employer agreements) |
Trade union(s) |
||||
|
Multi-employer agreements: Branch |
Kolektívne zmluva vyššieho stupňa medzi ECHOZ a ZZES |
Sectional |
9,150 |
Union of Employers of Power Industry in Slovakia (ZZES) |
Energy-Chemical Trade Union Association (ECHOZ) |
|
Multi-employer agreements: Branch |
Kolektívne zmluva vyššieho stupňa medzi ZOES a ZZES |
Sectional |
6,000 |
Union of Employers of Power Industry in Slovakia (ZZES) |
Energy Trade Union Association of Slovakia (ZOES) |
|
Single-employer agreements: Company |
Kolektívna zmluva Slovak Power Stations, a.s. (SE) |
Almost 5,000 |
Management of Slovenské elektrárne Company |
Basic trade union organisation of ZOES in SE |
|
|
Single-employer agreements: Company |
Kolektívna zmluva Central-Slovakian Energy, a.s. (SSE) |
1,750 |
Management of SSE |
Basic trade union organisation of ECHOZ in SSE |
|
|
Single-employer agreements: Company |
Kolektívna zmluva East-Slovakian Energy, a.s. (VSE) |
1,570 |
Management of VSE |
Basic trade union organisation of ECHOZ in VSE |
|
* Relevance is measured in terms of employees covered.
5. The system of collective bargaining
5.1. Estimate the sector’s rate of collective bargaining coverage (i.e. the ratio of the number of employees covered by any kind of collective agreement to the total number of employees in the sector).
About 59%.
5.2. Estimate the relative importance of multi-employer agreements and of single-employer agreements as a percentage of the total number of employees covered. (Multi-employer bargaining is defined as being conducted by an employer association on behalf of the employer side. In the case of single-employer bargaining, it is the company or its subunit(s) which is the party to the agreement. This includes the cases where two or more companies jointly negotiate an agreement or an employer organisation negotiates on behalf of only one company.)
Multi-employer collective agreements cover about 15,000 employees (about 59% of employees in the sector). They establish a framework for single-employer collective bargaining, where even higher wages and more convenient working conditions for employees can be agreed.
5.2.1. Is there a practice of extending multi-employer agreements to employers who are not affiliated to the signatory employer association/s?
No.
5.2.2. If there is a practice of extending collective agreements targeting employers, is this practice pervasive or rather limited and exceptional?
No data supplied.
6. Formulation and implementation of sector-specific public policies
6.1. Do tripartite bodies dealing with sector-specific issues exist? If yes, please indicate their domain of activity (for instance, health and safety, equal opportunities, labour market, social security and pensions etc.), their origin (agreement/statutory) and the interest organisations having representatives in them.
| Name of the body and scope of activity | Bipartite/tripartite | Origin: agreement/statutory | Trade unions having representatives (reps) | Employer associations having reps |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Economic and Social Council (HSR) Mainly the energy policy, including the electricity, and related legislation |
Tripartite |
Statutory |
KOZ SR represents ECHOZ and ZOES |
AZZZ SR represents ZZES |
* Sector-specific policies specifically target and affect the sector under consideration.
7. Data on the trade unions
|
ECHOZ |
|
|---|---|
|
Energy-Chemical Trade Union Association |
|
|
Energeticko-Chemický Odborový zväz |
|
|
The union’s domain |
|
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover the entire electricity sector, including all of the sub-activities as a whole, as listed above? |
No; it covers transmission, distribution and trade of electricity sub-sectors |
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover all occupations within the electricity sector among both blue-collar workers and white-collar workers? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover, within the electricity sector, all forms and size classes of enterprises (for instance: public ownership, private ownership, multinationals, domestic companies, SMEs, etc. – of course, only insofar as they exist in the sector)? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover all regions of your country? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover employees outside the electricity sector? |
Yes; in the chemical industry. |
|
General information on the union |
|
|
Is the union engaged in sector-related collective bargaining? |
Yes |
|
If yes, what form of collective bargaining? |
Both single- and multi-employer bargaining |
|
How many employees are covered by the collective agreement/s signed by the union within the electricity sector (including those covered via extension mechanisms)? |
9,150 |
|
Please indicate the type of membership |
Voluntary |
|
Is the union being consulted by the authorities in sector-related matters? |
Yes |
|
How often do sector-related consultations involve the union? |
On an ad-hoc basis |
|
Members |
|
|
How many active members in employment does the union have in total (i.e. within the electricity sector and beyond)? |
12,312 (2011) |
|
How many active members in employment does the union have within the electricity sector only? |
3,861 (2011) |
|
Does the union have members in the largest electricity companies? |
Yes |
|
Affiliations |
|
|
To which international organisations is the union affiliated? |
|
|
To which European-level organisations is the union affiliated? |
EPSU, IndustriAll |
|
To which national-level organisations is the union affiliated? |
KOZ SR |
|
Source of information |
Juraj Blahák, the President of ECHOZ. Contacted from 23 February to 4 March 2013. Ludovit Cziria, IVPR |
|
ZOES |
|
|---|---|
|
Energy Trade Union Association of Slovakia |
|
|
Združenie odborárov energetiky Slovenska |
|
|
The union’s domain |
|
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover the entire electricity sector, including all of the sub-activities as a whole, as listed above? |
No; it covers production and the trade of electricity sub-activities. |
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover all occupations within the electricity sector among both blue-collar workers and white-collar workers? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover, within the electricity sector, all forms and size classes of enterprises (for instance: public ownership, private ownership, multinationals, domestic companies, SMEs, etc. – of course, only insofar as they exist in the sector)? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover all regions of your country? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the union potentially cover employees outside the electricity sector? |
No. |
|
General information on the union |
|
|
Is the union engaged in sector-related collective bargaining? |
Yes |
|
If yes, what form of collective bargaining? |
Both single and multi-employer bargaining |
|
How many employees are covered by the collective agreement/s signed by the union within the electricity sector (including those covered via extension mechanisms)? |
6,000 (2011) |
|
Please indicate the type of membership |
Voluntary |
|
Is the union being consulted by the authorities in sector-related matters? |
No |
|
How often do sector-related consultations involve the union? |
On an ad-hoc basis On a regular basis Info not available |
|
Members |
|
|
How many active members in employment does the union have in total (i.e. within the electricity sector and beyond)? |
1,930 (2011) |
|
How many active members in employment does the union have within the electricity sector only? |
1,930 (2011) |
|
Does the union have members in the largest electricity companies? |
Yes |
|
Affiliations |
|
|
To which international organisations is the union affiliated? |
None |
|
To which European-level organisations is the union affiliated? |
IndustriAll |
|
To which national-level organisations is the union affiliated? |
KOZ SR |
|
Source of information |
Jozef Stano, the President. Contacted from 7 to 15 February 2013. No website Ludovit Cziria, IVPR |
8. Data on the employer associations
|
ZZES |
|
|---|---|
|
Union of Employers of Power Industry in Slovakia |
|
|
Zväz zamestnávateľov energetiky Slovenska |
|
|
The employer organisation’s domain |
|
|
According to its domain, does the employer organisation potentially cover the entire electricity sector, including all of the sub-activities as a whole, as listed above? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the employer organisation potentially cover, within the electricity sector, all (legal) forms and size classes of enterprises (for instance: public ownership, private ownership, multinationals, domestic companies, SMEs, etc.) (of course, only insofar as they exist in the sector)? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the employer organisation potentially cover companies, within the electricity sector, in all regions of your country? |
Yes |
|
According to its domain, does the employer organisation potentially cover companies and/or business activities outside the electricity sector? |
Yes; its members are also some heat-supplier companies and secondary vocational schools. |
|
General information on the organisation |
|
|
Is the employer organisation engaged in sector-related collective bargaining? |
Yes |
|
If yes, what form of collective bargaining? |
Multi-employer bargaining (sectoral/branch bargaining) |
|
How many companies are covered by the collective agreement/s signed by the employer organisation within the electricity sector (including those covered via extension mechanisms)? |
16 (2012) |
|
How many employees are covered by the sector-related collective agreement/s signed by the employer organisation within the electricity sector (including those covered via extension mechanisms)? |
14,700 (2012) |
|
Please indicate the type of membership |
Voluntary |
|
Is the employer organisation being consulted by the authorities in sector-related matters? |
Yes |
|
How often do sector-related consultations involve the employer organisation? |
On an ad-hoc basis . |
|
Members |
|
|
How many member companies does the employer organisation have in total (i.e. within the electricity sector and beyond)? |
29 (2012) |
|
How many employees work in these member companies in total (i.e. within the electricity sector and beyond)? |
15,000 (2012) |
|
How many member companies does the employer organisation have within the electricity sector only? |
7 |
|
How many employees work in these member companies within the electricity sector only? |
10,100 |
|
Are the largest electricity companies affiliated to this Employers organisation? |
Yes |
|
Affiliations |
|
|
To which international organisations is the employer organisation affiliated? |
None |
|
To which European-level organisations is the employer organisation affiliated? |
EURELECTRIC |
|
To which national-level organisations is the employer organisation affiliated? |
AZZZ SR |
|
Source of information |
Vladimir Tonka, Secretary General Contacted from 11 February to 20 February 2013. Website: http://www.azzz.sk/clenovia.php?zvez=zzes Ludovit Cziria, IVPR |
9. Inter-associational relationships
9.1 Inter-union relationships
9.1.1 Please list all trade unions covered by this study whose domains overlap within the sector.
ECHOZ and ZOES
9.1.2 Do rivalries and competition exist among the trade unions within the sector, concerning the right to conclude collective agreements and to be consulted in public policy formulation and implementation?
No, they represent employees from different sub-sectors.
9.1.3 If yes, are certain trade unions excluded from these rights?
No data supplied.
9.2 Inter-employer association relationships
9.2.1 Please list all employer associations covered by this study whose domains overlap within the sector.
There is only ZZES.
9.2.2 Do rivalries and competition exist among the employer associations within the sector, concerning the right to conclude collective agreements and to be consulted in public policy formulation and implementation?
No
9.2.3 If yes, are certain employer associations excluded from these rights?
No data supplied.
9.2.4 Are there large companies or employer associations within the sector which refuse to recognise the trade unions and refuse to enter collective bargaining?
No.
9. Commentary
No additional comment.
Ludovit Cziria, Institute for Labour and Family Research.
Annex: Organisations which are members of the sector-related European organisations
|
EPSU |
IndustriALL |
EURELECTRIC |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| AT |
GDG, VERDI |
PRO-GE |
Österreichs E-Wirtschaft |
| BE |
CSC, CSC - Services Publics, SLFP, CGSP ACOD, CGSP-P, CGSP-G GAZELCO Distrigas, CG-FGTB, CGSP-ACOD Gazelco, CGSP Admi |
ACV/CSC BIE, LBC-NVK, SETCA-BBTK |
FEBEG, SYNERGRID asbl |
| BG |
NSFEB, FEW-Podkrepa, PK Services, FCIW-PODK, NDWU, VODOSNABDITEL, FITUGO, FCIW-PODKREPA |
NF Energy - CL Podkrepa, NFE, NEWF Podkrepa |
Bulgarian Electric Power Association |
| CY |
FSGEC, PASYDY |
FPUEAE |
Electricity Authority of Cyprus |
| CZ |
OS UNIOS, Public Services International, OS ECHO, OS DLV, RWE |
OS ECHO |
CSZE |
| DE |
VERDI |
IG BCE |
BDEW |
| DK |
3F workers union, DM, PEU, FOA, |
DK Funktionærforbund, DEF, CO Industri |
Dansk Energi |
| EE |
AEEWTU |
AEEWTU - EEAÜL |
The Union of Electricity Industry of Estonia |
| ES |
FITAG-UGT, AGBAR, FSAP-CCOO, FSP UGT |
FITAG-UGT, FITEQA-CC.OO, ELA-HAINBAT, FI CC.OO, |
UNESA |
| FI |
JYTY, JHL, UNION of SALARIED EMPLOYEES, PARDIA, |
SÄHKÖLIITTO, UIL (INSINÖÖRILIITTO), |
Energiateollisuus ry |
| FR |
CGT – FNME, FPSPSS-FO, CGT-SP, Public Services International, PSI, INTERCO CFDT, FNEM-FO, CFTC, UNSA, FNME-CGT, |
FCE-CFDT, FNEM FO |
UFE |
| GR |
- |
PFEPPRCI, GENOP-DEI |
HELAS |
| HU |
VKDSZ, EVDSZ, HVDSZ 2000 |
V.D.Sz.Sz. (EVDSZ), BDSZ |
EMT |
| IE |
ESBOA, IMPACT, SIPTU, Electricity Supply Board Officers Association |
SIPTU |
EAI |
| IT |
FEMCA, UILCEM, FP-CGIL, FLAEI-CISL, FILCTEM-CGIL, |
UILCEM |
UNEI |
| LT |
LITUF, LVPF, LTUSE |
Nacionaline Lietuvos Elektros Asociacija |
|
| LU |
CGT-L, Confédération Luxembourgeoise des Syndicats Chrétiens - Secteur Public, LCGB, |
LCGB |
Organisation des Entreprises d’Electricité du Luxembourg |
| LV |
LTUE, LAKRS |
ENERGIJA, LINA |
LEEA |
| MT |
GWU |
ENEMALTA Corporation |
|
| NL |
ABVAKABO FNV, CNV FNV Bondgenoten, ABVAKABO FNV, EON |
FNV, CNV Vakmensen |
Energie-Nederland, Netbeheer Nederland |
| PL |
SKEE Solidarnosc, PSS Solidarnosc |
SGiE Solidarnosc, |
PKEE |
| PT |
Sindicato dos Trabalhadores da AdministraçãoPública, STAL, SINTAP, SINDEL, STE |
SINDEL |
ELECPROR |
| RO |
GAZ ROM, UNIVERS, Public Services International, ENERGETICA, APA NOVA, GAZ MEDIAS, FS Gaz Romania |
UFS ATLAS, FSLCP, FNME, Hidrosind, FS Hidrosind, |
IRE, |
| SE |
SEKO, NOFS, VISION, HK Kommunal, KOMMUNAL, TRANSPORT, FACKFORBUNDET |
UNIONEN, SEF, SVERIGES INGENJORER, SEKO |
Svensk Energi Swedenergy AB |
| SI |
SDE SLOVENIJE |
SDE |
Slovenian Chamber of Commerce, Energy Association, EURELECTRIC Section |
| SK |
SOZE, TUWIFWS, POZ, Slovak Gas Industry Trade Union, Slovak Trade Union of Health and Social Services, ECHOZ, SOZPS, SPP |
ZOJES |
ZZES |
| UK |
Prospect, UNISON, NIPSA, FDA, Unite the Union, GMB |
GMB, UNITE (ex-TGWU), UNITE the UNION |
ENA, Energy UK, ERA |
MEMBER OF THE NETWORK OF EU AGENCIES
Eurofound er et EU-agentur
Tilføj kommentar