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Abstract

The enormity of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the lives and work of Europeans is hard to capture, but Eurofound’s priority in 2020 was to record and assess the experience of this societal upheaval across the EU Member States in all its detail, variety and modulation. Living and working in Europe 2020 provides a snapshot of how the COVID-19 confinement measures changed employment, work and quality of life in Europe, as gathered by Eurofound’s research activities in 2020. This yearbook also summarises the Agency’s findings regarding developments in other aspects of social and economic life – including workplace practices, social dialogue, gender equality and access to public services – that will have a significant bearing on how quickly Europe recovers from the pandemic and a successful transition to a green and digital future. The findings on working and living conditions produced by Eurofound in the course of its work provide a bedrock of evidence for input into social policymaking.

The yearbook is accompanied by the Consolidated annual activity report 2020, which is the Agency’s formal reporting on operations, staff and budgets – see Related content.

The report contains the following lists of tables and figures.

Table

Table 1: Share of non-standard workers not covered by social benefit schemes, EU27 and the UK, 2014

Figures

Figure 1: Individuals reporting a decrease in working hours (%), by EU Member State, July 2020

Figure 2: Announced restructuring job losses and job gains, EU27, Norway and the UK, Q1 2019–Q2 2020

Figure 3: Employment impact of COVID-19 – sectors most affected, EU27, Q2 2019–Q2 2020

Figure 4: Employment impact of COVID-19 – sectors least affected, EU27, Q2 2019–Q2 2020

Figure 5: Relative size of standard employment (%), EU Member States and the UK, 2008 and 2018

Figure 6: Shares of different types of non-standard employment, EU Member States and the UK, 2018

Figure 7: New forms of employment, prevalence in 2013–2014 (26 European countries) compared with 2020 (28 European countries)

Figure 8: Net employment change (in thousands), by contract type, EU27 and the UK, 2011–2016

Figure 9: Participation in paid training (%), by contractual status, EU27 and the UK, 2005, 2010 and 2015

Figure 10: Prevalence of platform work (%), by intensity of involvement, in 15 Member States and the UK, 2018

Figure 11: Workplace well-being and establishment performance of four types of companies, EU27, 2019

Figure 12: Percentage of ‘high investment, high involvement’ companies by sector and size, EU27, 2019

Figure 13: Percentage of employees reporting low and high work engagement in four organisation types, EU27 and the UK, 2015

Figure 14: Employee scores on formal and informal skills development indices, by organisation type, EU27 and the UK, 2015

Figure 15: Social partner involvement in designing COVID-19 socioeconomic policy measures (%), EU27, November 2020

Figure 16: Employee representation’s influence on types of management decisions (%), EU27 and the UK, 2019

Figure 17: Workplace well-being and establishment performance, by establishment approach to social dialogue, EU27 and the UK, 2019

Figure 18: Gender employment gap, EU27, 2002–2019

Figure 19: Employment shifts (in thousands), by gender and job–wage quintile, EU27, Q2 2019–Q2 2020

Figure 20: Female-dominated sectors and occupations, by proportions of women and men employed, EU27, 2018 (occupations) and 2019 (sectors)

Figure 21: Quantitative demands in the 20 largest occupations, by gender, 2015

Figure 22: Average weekly working hours of employees across the life course, by gender, EU27 and the UK, 2015

Figure 23: Hours spent on caring for children and housework, EU27, July 2020

Figure 24: Experience of work–life conflicts among women and men with young children in the household (%), EU27, July 2020

Figure 25: Receipt of additional pay components (%), by gender, EU27 and the UK, 2005, 2010 and 2015

Figure 26: Employees’ telework preferences, EU27, July 2020

Figure 27: Experience of telework (%), EU27, July 2020

Figure 28: Extent of working during free time, by work location (%), EU27, July 2020

Figure 29: Scores on work intensity index, by workplace location, four EU Member States and the UK, 2015

Figure 30: Percentage of workers who experienced work–life balance problems, by work arrangement and presence or absence of children, EU27 and the UK, 2015

Figure 31: Main reasons given for not having a medical condition attended to (%), EU27 and the UK, 2018

Figure 32: People aged 65+ with some or severe activity limitations who lack assistance (%), EU Member States and the UK, 2014

Figure 33: Main reasons behind unmet need for professional home care (%), EU27 and the UK, 2016

Figure 34: Children cared for by formal arrangements (%), by age group, EU27 and Member States, 2019

Figure 35: Main reasons for not using professional ECEC (%), EU27 and the UK, 2016

Figure 36: Optimism about the future, EU Member States (%), April 2020

Figure 37: Mental well-being, EU Member States, April 2020

Figure 38: Average scores on trust in government and trust in the EU, by whether state support was received, requested or rejected, EU27, July 2020

Figure 39: Comparing well-being of younger and older age groups (%), EU27, April 2020

Figure 40: Comparing scores on trust in institutions between younger and older age groups, April 2020, EU27

Number of pages
76
Reference nº
EF21055
ISBN
978-92-897-2170-7
Catalogue nº
TJ-AM-21-001-EN-N
DOI
10.2806/642416
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