Promoting social cohesion and convergence

La COVID-19: ¿punto de inflexión para una convergencia al alza en materia salud y asistencia sanitaria en la UE?

Policy brief
Publicado
30 Septiembre 2021
pdf
Formats and languages
Autor o autores: 
Maftei, Anamaria; Carstens, Jens; Mascherini, Massimiliano

Conclusiones principales

  • From 2008–2019, health outcomes in the EU improved as Member States with modest health expenditures expanded their healthcare spending. By 2019, this enabled these countries (mainly the central and eastern European Member States) to catch up with the top EU spenders.
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  • From 2008–2019, health outcomes in the EU improved as Member States with modest health expenditures expanded their healthcare spending. By 2019, this enabled these countries (mainly the central and eastern European Member States) to catch up with the top EU spenders.
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  • Although the number of practising doctors and nurses grew steadily in the EU between 2008 and 2019, medical staff shortages persisted. The gap between countries widened partly due to the migration of healthcare professionals, and countries with existing labour shortages in healthcare saw their situation deteriorate further, hindering their ability to catch up with the rest of the EU.
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  • The COVID-19 pandemic affected countries differently, leading to huge disparities in the number of infections and deaths. The mitigation strategies adopted by Member States varied in intensity and time frame, highlighting the importance of a coordinated EU exit strategy to achieve faster progress in controlling a pandemic.
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  • The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed structural inequalities in healthcare capacity across Member States. To ensure no-one is left behind in the aftermath of the crisis, translating the healthcare principles of the European Pillar of Social Rights into a reality by increasing healthcare capacity and coverage will be critical.
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  • The COVID-19 pandemic underlined how the EU lacked the tools to manage a severe health crisis. Greater coordination and reporting in the area of health as part of a European Health Union would reinforce the crisis preparedness of the EU. The conference on the Future of Europe is an important opportunity for citizens to have their say on Europe’s health priorities for the future.
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Resumen

El impacto de la COVID-19 ha hecho que la salud pública pase a ocupar un lugar destacado en la agenda de la política social de la UE. Mientras la UE dirige sus esfuerzos hacia el establecimiento de una Unión Europea de la Salud para protegerse frente a futuras crisis sanitarias, este resumen de pRead more

El impacto de la COVID-19 ha hecho que la salud pública pase a ocupar un lugar destacado en la agenda de la política social de la UE. Mientras la UE dirige sus esfuerzos hacia el establecimiento de una Unión Europea de la Salud para protegerse frente a futuras crisis sanitarias, este resumen de políticas examina hasta qué punto la UE logró una convergencia al alza en términos de resultados sanitarios y de asistencia sanitaria, así como de gastos y prestaciones sanitarias, con anterioridad a la pandemia. También examina los patrones de convergencia en las infecciones y muertes por COVID-19 y en las medidas paliativas adoptadas por la UE y los gobiernos nacionales.

Los resultados indican que, entre 2008 y 2019, la salud de los ciudadanos de la UE mejoró en general y los Estados miembros convergieron en sus resultados sanitarios, pero las disparidades en el gasto público y la prestación de servicios sanitarios siguieron aumentando. En este contexto, la pandemia de la COVID-19 provocó una mayor divergencia, ya que el número de muertes e infecciones varió enormemente de un país a otro. El informe destaca que lo ideal sería que la Unión Europea de la Salud no sólo reforzara la preparación de la UE ante las crisis, sino que también permitiera, en última instancia, la convergencia de los indicadores de salud y asistencia sanitaria en todos sus Estados miembros.

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Formats and languages

  • Informe

    Número de páginas: 
    32
    Número de referencia: 
    EF20026
    ISBN: 
    978-92-897-2202-5
    Catálogo nº.: 
    TJ-AR-21-004-ES-N
    DOI: 
    10.2806/062984
    Permalink: 
    eurofound.link/ef20026
    Catalogue info

    La COVID-19: ¿punto de inflexión para una convergencia al alza en materia salud y asistencia sanitaria en la UE?

    Autor o autores: 
    Maftei, Anamaria; Carstens, Jens; Mascherini, Massimiliano
    Topics: 
    Servicios públicos; Fomento de la cohesión social y la convergencia; European Pillar of Social Rights; Care; COVID-19; Monitorización de la convergencia en la Unión Europea; Condiciones de vida y calidad de vida

    Formatos

    Citar esta publicación: 

    Eurofound (2021), COVID-19: A turning point for upward convergence in health and healthcare in the EU? Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

  • Tables and graphs

    The policy brief contains the following lists of tables and figures.

    List of tables

    Table 1: Determinants of annual growth in health indicators, EU27, 2008–2019
    Table 2: Determinants of annual growth in health expenditures per capita, EU27, 2008–2019

    List of figures

    Figure 1: Convergence in life expectancy at birth, 2008–2019
    Figure 2: Convergence in self-perceived health, 2008–2019
    Figure 3: Convergence in infant mortality rate, 2008–2019
    Figure 4: Convergence in unmet needs for medical examination and care, 2008–2019
    Figure 5: Impact of GDP per capita (in euro) on health indicators, EU27, 2008–2019
    Figure 6: Convergence in government expenditures on health, 2008–2019
    Figure 7: Convergence in the supply of physicians, 2008–2016
    Figure 8: Convergence in the supply of nurses and midwives, 2008–2016
    Figure 9: Convergence in hospital bed capacity, 2008–2018
    Figure 10: Convergence in life expectancy at birth, 2019–2020
    Figure 11: COVID-19 – new cases and deaths per million, EU27, January 2020–11 August 2021
    Figure 12: COVID-19 – New cases and deaths per million by Member State, January 2020 – 11 August 2021
    Figure 13: COVID-19 – convergence in Stringency Index, January 2020–1 August 2021
    Figure 14: COVID-19 – new daily vaccinations, 28 December 2020–10 August 2021
    Figure 15: COVID-19 – total vaccines administered by GDP per capita (in euro), EU27, 30 May and 10 August 2021
    Figure 16: COVID-19 – new daily vaccinations in the EU27, United States and OECD, 13 January 2021–10 August 2021

Las investigaciones realizadas antes de que el Reino Unido abandone la Unión Europea el 31 de enero de 2020 y publicadas posteriormente pueden incluir datos sobre los 28 Estados miembros de la UE. Después de esta fecha, las investigaciones solo tienen en cuenta a los 27 Estados miembros de la UE (EU-28 menos el Reino Unido), a menos que se especifique lo contrario.

Part of the series

  • COVID-19

    Eurofound’s work on COVID-19 examines the far-reaching socioeconomic implications of the pandemic across Europe as they continue to impact living and working conditions. A key element of the research is the e-survey, launched in April 2020, with five rounds completed at different stages during 2020, 2021 and 2022. This is complemented by the inclusion of research into the ongoing effects of the pandemic in much of Eurofound’s other areas of work.

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