Publications

Browse publications

Latest publications

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    Presenting its 1996 results on 6 May 1997, Deutz AG, the German machinery and
    tractor maker which almost collapsed last year, also publicised information
    on the employees' contribution to its 1996 rescue package. The group is
    undergoing a radical restructuring after a crisis last year, caused by big
    losses on cement plants in Saudi Arabia. The deal was struck in May/June 1996
    between management and the group works council [1] and included the
    following:

    [1] www.eurofound.europa.eu/ef/efemiredictionary/group-works-council-0

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    Recent months have seen an intensifying and unresolved dispute over pensions
    at Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB), including 14 days of strike
    activity starting on 21 February 1997. This is the first time in four years
    that all the unions represented on the TMB workers' committee have acted
    jointly to claim what they understand as a right laid down in previous
    agreements.

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    New wage agreements were reached on 25 May 1997 covering the Norwegian state
    sector, the municipal sector and the municipality of Oslo. The new agreements
    include a voluntary early retirement scheme for the age-group from 62-63
    years and moderate wage increases. The wage settlement for the public sector
    is therefore in line with the settlement in the private sector with regard to
    total wage growth.

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    The high-level expert group on worker involvement was established in 1996
    with the aim of developing solutions to break the 25-year deadlock on
    European Commission proposals containing clauses on worker involvement, and
    in particular, the European Company Statute (ECS). The Commission has
    repeatedly stressed the importance of such a statute, enabling the
    incorporation of companies at EU level, in order to improve the
    competitiveness of European companies. Such proposals have long remained
    blocked in the Council of Ministers, largely because of concerns from
    countries with advanced employee participation systems which fear that the
    ECS could be used by companies to circumvent national legislation in this
    area. Similarly, a solution would have to avoid imposing foreign models of
    employee representation upon member states where there is currently no
    provision for the appointment of worker representatives to the boards of
    companies.

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    On 7 May 1997 the Labour Court gave its judgment in a case that has attracted
    much attention. It concerned three ambulance drivers, two men and one woman,
    who had been dismissed on the grounds of disloyalty to their employer, a
    private company that runs the ambulance service in parts of southern
    Stockholm on contract.

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    The majority of pilots' trade unions represented in the Air France group took
    part in a relatively successful strike from 20-23 May 1997, protesting at the
    setting up of a two-tier salary system.

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    During the fourth bargaining round for its 90,000 employees, the German car
    producer Volkswagen AG announced the creation of several hundred new jobs.
    According to an agreement between management and the IG Metall trade union,
    the newly hired employees will be employed exclusively on a temporary basis
    and will de facto be remunerated below the level of the company agreements.
    Although being hired on the terms of the current company agreements, the
    newly hired employees will not be eligible for the compensatory extra pay
    component which was agreed when Volkswagen established the four-day working
    week in 1994, and thus they will be paid 10% less than core employees.
    According to the agreement, details will be fixed by the social partners at
    establishment level. During the negotiations, the IG Metall rejected
    Volkswagen's plans to pay the newly hired employees according to the
    branch-level metalworking agreement. The compensation of the new temporary
    staff will still be around 10% higher than the pay other employees receive on
    the basis of the current branch-level metalworking agreement.

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    On 21 April 1997, trade unions, employers' associations and the Government of
    Andalucia signed an /Agreement on employment policy and economic development
    for Andalucia/. This is the third tripartite agreement to be reached in this
    region. It covers a period of two years (1997-8) and involves an investment
    of about ESP 200 billion .

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    In its recently published opinion on the conclusion of the Intergovernmental
    Conference (IGC), the Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of
    Europe (UNICE) underlines the need for the negotiating parties to "place a
    strengthening of Europe's competitiveness at the heart of the (new) Treaty,
    since promotion of competitiveness is the sine qua non to increase
    employment". The promotion of employment can, according to UNICE, never be
    treated in isolation. While European employers have repeatedly pronounced
    themselves in favour of the Essen employment strategy, they are keen to
    underline that responsibility for employment policy must continue to lie
    primarily with the member states.

  • Article
    27 Mai 1997

    After 10 days of boycotts and two hours of strike action among the cleaners
    in the LKAB mine in northern Sweden, the Business Services Associations on
    the one hand and the Building Maintenance Workers' Union and the Union of
    Service and Communication on the other, accepted a draft collective agreement
    on wages from the mediators on 16 May 1997. The agreement covers 25,000
    employees in 600 companies. It means that the average monthly salary will be
    raised by SEK 370.

Series

  • New forms of employment

    This series reports on the new forms of employment emerging across Europe that are driven by societal, economic and technological developments and are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. This series explores what characterises these new employment forms and what implications they have for working conditions and the labour market.

  • European Company Surveys

    The European Company Survey (ECS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2004–2005, with the latest edition in 2019. The survey is designed to provide information on workplace practices to develop and evaluate socioeconomic policy in the EU. It covers issues around work organisation, working time arrangements and work–life balance, flexibility, workplace innovation, employee involvement, human resource management, social dialogue, and most recently also skills use, skills strategies and digitalisation.

  • European Quality of Life Surveys

    The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2003, with the latest edition in 2016. It examines both the objective circumstances of people's lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. It covers issues around employment, income, education, housing, family, health and work–life balance. It also looks at subjective topics, such as people's levels of happiness and life satisfaction, and perceptions of the quality of society.

  • European Jobs Monitor

    This series brings together publications and other outputs of the European Jobs Monitor (EJM), which tracks structural change in European labour markets. The EJM analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives a qualitative assessment of these shifts using various proxies of job quality – wages, skill-levels, etc.

  • European Quality of Life Survey 2016

    Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. This series consists of outputs from the EQLS 2016, the fourth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2003. 

  • European Working Conditions Survey 2015

    Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2015, the sixth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.

  • European Working Conditions Survey 1996

    Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 1996, the second edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.

  • European Working Conditions Survey 2001

    Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2001, which was an extension of the EWCS 2000 to cover the then 12 acceding and candidate countries. The survey was first carried out in 1990.

  • European Working Conditions Survey 2000

    Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2000, the third edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.

  • European Company Survey 2004

    Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the first edition of the survey carried out in 2004–2005 under the name European Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance. 

Forthcoming publications

  • Report
    Avril 2024

    The focus of this report is on the role that human capital plays in determining inequalities across the EU, as well as within Member States. Using Cedefop’s work in this area, the report provides a comparative analysis of national trends in education and lifelong learning, including differences between educational groups in terms of income, living conditions and health.

  • Report
    Mai 2024

    The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered disproportionately in 2020. Taking a longer lens, the report describes the evolution of income inequalities over the last 15 years, comparing the Great Recession (2007–2009) with the COVID-19 pandemic, and outlines the trends both between and within Member States.

  • Report
    Décembre 2024

    This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to foster independent living and autonomy. The report also includes policy pointers to support future decision-makers and provides a review of lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.