Anticipating and managing the impact of change

Game-changing technologies: Transforming production and employment in Europe

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Published: 22 Eanáir 2020

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Executive summary in 22 languages

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Game-changing technologies (GCTs) are those expected to have a disruptive effect on the economy, labour market and society; GCTs should be monitored to identify early interventions to foster growth or to prevent negative effects.
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Game-changing technologies (GCTs) are those expected to have a disruptive effect on the economy, labour market and society; GCTs should be monitored to identify early interventions to foster growth or to prevent negative effects.
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There is considerable difference as regards technical and market maturity across GCTs and their adoption across sectors. For example, advanced robotics is a comparatively well established technology in some manufacturing sectors, while at early stage adoption in services. Blockchain, in contrast, is hardly operationally used by business in general, and if applied, then rather in services.
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The numerical employment impact of GCTs is hard to assess, but most probably is less severe than often discussed. Most analysed GCTs show some potential for both, job creation (notably higher-skilled jobs related to data handling, science and analytics) and job loss (notably jobs characterised by a high level of automatable routine tasks).
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More importantly, GCTs are expected to have a substantial impact on the task composition within jobs, which is likely to result in disruptive changes as regards skills needs and use and work organisation.
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To ensure, at the same time, global competitiveness of European companies and sustainable employment and decent working conditions for the workforce, policy interventions are needed, even if the GCTs are not yet widely adopted by business.
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Achoimre

Innovation and technological advancement are natural features of developed economies, and they are necessary to maintain and improve sustainable competitiveness in an era of globalisation. However, while most innovation tends to be incremental, some has a disruptive effect on production and service provision, the labour market and social dialogue. This report discusses a selection of eight so-called ‘game-changing technologies’ (advanced robotics, additive manufacturing, the Internet of Things, electric vehicles, autonomous vehicles, industrial biotechnologies, blockchain and virtual and augmented reality). Each of these has the potential to substantially change business activities, work and employment in Europe. Looking at both the manufacturing and services sectors, this report gives an indication of how these technologies might be adopted and how they are expected to affect the labour market.

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Report
Number of pages:
54
Reference no.:
EF19047
ISBN:
978-92-897-2044-1
Catalogue no.:
TJ-03-20-015-EN-C
DOI:
10.2806/198
Permalink:
eurofound.link/ef19047

Catalogue info
Game-changing technologies: Transforming production and employment in Europe
Author(s):
Peruffo, Eleonora; Rodriguez Contreras, Ricardo; Mandl, Irene; Bisello, Martina
Topics:
Platform work; Small and medium-sized enterprises; Structural change; Industrial policy; Digitalisation; Employment and labour markets; Anticipating and managing the impact of change

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Cite this publication:
Eurofound (2020), Game-changing technologies: Transforming production and employment in Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
Executive summary

Game-changing technologies: Transforming production and employment in Europe
Author(s):
Eurofound
Eurofound studied the implications of eight game-changing technologies (GCTs) for work, employment and employment relations. These technologies have the potential to cause significant disruption to European manufacturing and services sectors by 2030. Based on technology-specific studies, this report summarises the main characteristics of these technologies, the drivers of and barriers to their adoption and their (potential) application in business. It goes on to provide an overview of the impact these technologies may have on work and employment in Europe.

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Working papers
Related working papers
The working papers accompanying this report deal with the implications for the services sector.
- Game-changing technologies: Exploring the impact on the services sector in Europe
  8 Samhain 2019
  
  Author(s)
  
  Rodriguez Contreras, Ricardo; Peruffo, Eleonora; Fernández-Macías, Enrique
  
  Number of pages
  
  36
  
  Reference no.
  
  WPEF19006
  
  Topics
  
  Small and medium-sized enterprises; Structural change; Employment and labour markets
  
  PDF
- Advanced robotics: Implications of game-changing technologies in the services sector in Europe
  20 Meitheamh 2019
  
  Author(s)
  
  Stewart, Katherine; Deshpande, Advait; Hoorens, Stijn; Gunashekar, Salil
  
  Number of pages
  
  77
  
  Reference no.
  
  WPEF19001
  
  Topics
  
  Digitalisation
  
  PDF
- Autonomous transport devices: Implications of game-changing technologies in the services sector in Europe
  20 Meitheamh 2019
  
  Author(s)
  
  Ioppolo, Rebecca; Stewart, Katherine; Deshpande, Advait; Hoorens, Stijn; Gunashekar, Salil
  
  Number of pages
  
  62
  
  Reference no.
  
  WPEF19002
  
  Topics
  
  Digitalisation
  
  PDF
- Blockchain: Implications of gamechanging technologies in the services sector in Europe
  20 Meitheamh 2019
  
  Author(s)
  
  Stewart, Katherine; Deshpande, Advait; Hoorens, Stijn; Gunashekar, Salil
  
  Number of pages
  
  78
  
  Reference no.
  
  WPEF19003
  
  Topics
  
  Digitalisation
  
  PDF
- Virtual and augmented reality: Implications of game-changing technologies in the services sector in Europe
  20 Meitheamh 2019
  
  Author(s)
  
  Knack, Anna; Deshpande, Advait; Hoorens, Stijn; Gunashekar, Salil
  
  Number of pages
  
  66
  
  Reference no.
  
  WPEF19004
  
  Topics
  
  Digitalisation
  
  PDF
- Wearable devices: Implications of game-changing technologies in services in Europe
  20 Meitheamh 2019
  
  Author(s)
  
  Knack, Anna; Deshpande, Advait; Hoorens, Stijn; Gunashekar, Salil
  
  Number of pages
  
  57
  
  Reference no.
  
  WPEF19005
  
  Topics
  
  Digitalisation
  
  PDF
Data and infographics
Figures
- Figure 1: Narrow AI: fields of application
- Figure 2: Vectors of digital change and analysed GCTs
- Figure 3: GCTs in manufacturing: potential employment implications
- Figure 4: GCTs in services: potential employment implications
- Figure 5: Overview of potential impact of the analysed GCTs on selected working conditions
Tables
- Table 1: GCTs selected for analysis
- Table 2: Definitions of the analysed GCTs
- Table 3: Example applications of GCTs
- Table 4: Estimated potential market size of analysed GCTs
- Table 5: Overview of key factors influencing adoption of the analysed GCTs
- Table 6: Potential job creation and job loss by sector and GCT
- Table 7: Expected effects of analysed GCTs on skills use and skills development
- Table 8: Expected effects of analysed GCTs on work organisation
- Table 9: Expected effects of analysed GCTs on working time and work intensity
- Table 10: Expected effects of the analysed GCTs on autonomy, flexibility and control
- Table 11: Expected effects of analysed GCTs on workers’ health and safety
Infographics

The infographics accompanying this report deal with the implications for the services sector.

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Game-changing technologies: Transforming production and employment in Europe

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