Working conditions

Working conditions in sectors

Report
Pubblicato
5 Novembre 2020
pdf
Formati
Executive summary in 22 languages
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Autore(i): 
Lenaerts, Karolien; Vandekerckhove, Sem; Lambers, Miet; Seghir, Majda; Mofakhami, Malo; Greenan, Nathalie

Risultati principali

  • While job quality is generally improving, the trend is comparatively downward in some sectors. The only aspect deteriorating in all sectors is social environment, especially in public administration and health.
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  • While job quality is generally improving, the trend is comparatively downward in some sectors. The only aspect deteriorating in all sectors is social environment, especially in public administration and health.
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  • The sectors most affected by changes in work organisation and digitalisation (education and services) and with low levels of training participation (agriculture, construction and commerce and hospitality) should be provided with training to improve workers’ employability.
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  • A high level of flexibility and a digitalised work environment are found mainly in service sectors and within high-skilled occupations. Despite the advantages of these work arrangements, workers are more likely to report work–life balance problems.
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  • While formal in-company employee representation exists for only 50% of workers, its presence is an important factor in improving the situation of workers. This absence is particularly salient in agriculture, commerce and hospitality and other services, and is more evident in the Eastern countries than in other regions in Europe.
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Sommario

Megatrends, such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change, are transforming the world of work, with knock-on effects for working conditions and job quality. Against this background, this report examines working conditions and job quality from a sectoral perspective,Read more

Megatrends, such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change, are transforming the world of work, with knock-on effects for working conditions and job quality. Against this background, this report examines working conditions and job quality from a sectoral perspective, using data from the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS). The report first outlines the sectoral characteristics underpinning employment – economic structure, demographics, occupational level and employment status. It then goes on to focus on four main topics: changing tasks, skills, training and employability; non-standard employment and employment security; health, well-being and flexible work organisation; and employee representation and voice. Differences in working conditions arising from age, gender, occupation and education level are taken into account. According to the analysis, developing measures to address relevant issues such as skills development, job security and work intensity should be a priority for policy. The data also show that the presence of employee representation and voice is key to improving the situation of employees.

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Formati

  • Relazione

    Numero di pagine: 
    78
    N. di riferimento: 
    EF19005
    ISBN: 
    978-92-897-2121-9
    N. di catalogo: 
    TJ-02-20-860-EN-N
    DOI: 
    10.2806/024695
    Permalink: 
    eurofound.link/ef19005
    Catalogue info

    Working conditions in sectors

    Autore(i): 
    Lenaerts, Karolien; Vandekerckhove, Sem; Lambers, Miet; Seghir, Majda; Mofakhami, Malo; Greenan, Nathalie
    Topics: 
    Health and well-being at work; Skills and training; Small and medium-sized enterprises; Non-standard employment; Condizioni di lavoro e lavoro sostenibile; Work organisation; Working conditions; Employment structure; Employee representation; Job quality

    Formati

    Cita questa pubblicazione: 

    Eurofound (2020), Working conditions in sectors, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

  • Executive summary

    N. di riferimento: 
    EF19005EN1
    Catalogue info

    Condizioni di lavoro nei vari settori

    Autore(i): 
    Eurofound

    Le megatendenze, come la digitalizzazione, la globalizzazione, il cambiamento demografico e i cambiamenti climatici, stanno trasformando il mondo del lavoro, con effetti a catena sulle condizioni di lavoro nonché sulla qualità di quest’ultimo. In questo contesto, la presente relazione esamina le condizioni di lavoro e la qualità del lavoro da una prospettiva settoriale, utilizzando i dati dell’Indagine europea sulle condizioni di lavoro del 2015 (EWCS). La relazione delinea innanzitutto le caratteristiche settoriali alla base dell’occupazione - struttura economica, demografia, livello occupazionale e status occupazionale. Si concentra poi su quattro temi principali: il cambiamento delle mansioni, le competenze, la formazione e l’occupabilità; il lavoro atipico e la sicurezza occupazionale; la salute, il benessere e l’organizzazione del lavoro flessibile; la rappresentanza e la voce dei lavoratori. Si tiene conto delle differenze nelle condizioni di lavoro dovute all’età, al sesso, all’occupazione e al livello di istruzione. Secondo l’analisi, lo sviluppo di misure per affrontare questioni rilevanti come lo sviluppo delle competenze, la sicurezza del lavoro e l’intensità del lavoro dovrebbe rappresentare una priorità per la politica. I dati mostrano inoltre che la presenza della rappresentanza e della voce dei lavoratori è fondamentale per migliorare la loro situazione.

    Scaricabile in 22 lingue

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  • Tables and graphs

    List of tables

    Table 1: Sectoral coverage
    Table 2: Country coverage
    Table 3: Job quality indices
    Table 4: Occupation and job quality by sector, 2015 (percentage difference for higher ISCO categories (1–3) relative to lower ISCO categories (4–9))
    Table 5: Summary of sociodemographic characteristics and job quality by sector, 2015
    Table 6: Task indicator scores by occupation category within sectors
    Table 7: Regression between task indicators and perceived employability by sector, 2010 and 2015
    Table 8: Job quality and non-standard forms of employment by sector, 2015 (percentage difference in the case of non-standard employment)
    Table 9: Well-being and health indicators, 2015 by sector and country cluster, 2015
    Table 10: Average scores for autonomy and working time flexibility by digital worker category, 2015
    Table 11: Distribution of digital worker categories (with high, medium and low levels of flexibility) by sector, 2015 (%)
    Table 12: Distribution of digital worker categories (with high, medium and low levels of flexibility) by occupation, 2015 (%)
    Table 13: Difference in average level of health and well-being indicators for each category of worker (with high and medium levels of flexibility) by sector, 2015
    Table 14: Job quality and representation by sector, 2015

    List of graphs

    Figure 1: Change in employment by sector, 2008–2019 (100 = 2008)
    Figure 2: Change in sectoral employment by country cluster, 2008–2019 (%)
    Figure 3: Proportion of total EU employment by sector and country cluster, 2015 (%)
    Figure 4: Female share of employment by sector, 2015 (%)
    Figure 5: Age structure of the workforce by sector, 2015 (%)
    Figure 6: Occupational structure by sector, 2015 (%)
    Figure 7: Shifts in occupational structures by sector, 2010–2015
    Figure 8: Distribution of educational attainment by sector, 2015 (%)
    Figure 9: Proportion of part-time and temporary employment by sector, 2015 (%)
    Figure 10: Involuntary part-time work by gender and sector, 2015 (%)
    Figure 11: Usual hours worked by contract duration and sector, 2015
    Figure 12: Job quality indices by sector, 2015
    Figure 13: Job quality indices by sector and country cluster, 2015
    Figure 14: Job quality indices by subsector (NACE Rev. 2), 2015
    Figure 15: Job quality indices by sector and occupational category, 2015
    Figure 16: Job quality indices over time, 1995–2015
    Figure 17: Convergence and divergence of sectoral job quality over time, 2005–2015
    Figure 18: Changes in task indicators by sector, 2010–2015 (%)
    Figure 19: Breakdown of changes in physical routine tasks by sector, 2010–2015 (%)
    Figure 20: Breakdown of changes in cognitive tasks by sector, 2010–2015 (%)
    Figure 21: Breakdown of changes in interactional tasks by sector, 2010–2015 (%)
    Figure 22: Share of employees who had received training provided by the employer (during the previous 12 months) by sector, 2010 and 2015 (%)
    Figure 23: Share of employees who had received training paid for by the employee (during the previous 12 months) by sector, 2010 and 2015 (%)
    Figure 24: Average score for the level of employability by sector, 2010 and 2015
    Figure 25: Share of non-standard forms of employment by sector, 2015 (%)
    Figure 26: Perception of employment security and job insecurity in the EU27 and the UK by sector and country cluster, 2015
    Figure 27: Non-standard employment and job quality indices by sector, 2015
    Figure 28: Health and well-being indicators by sector – deviation from the EU average, 2015
    Figure 29: Presence of representative bodies (trade unions and OSH committees) or employee meetings (voice) by sector, 2015 (percentage of workers)
    Figure 30: Employee representation and voice and job quality by sector, 2015

This report presents the results of research conducted largely prior to the outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe in February 2020. For this reason, the results do not fully take account of the outbreak.

Le ricerche effettuate anteriormente al recesso del Regno Unito dall’Unione europea il 31 gennaio 2020, e pubblicate successivamente, possono includere i dati relativi ai 28 Stati membri. Salvo indicazione contraria, successivamente a tale data, la ricerca prende in considerazione unicamente i 27 Stati membri dell’UE (UE28 meno il Regno Unito).

Part of the series

  • European Working Conditions Survey 2015

    Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2015, the sixth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.

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