
Aumento del telelavoro: impatto sulle condizioni di lavoro e sulla regolamentazione
Formati
Eurofound (2022), The rise in telework: Impact on working conditions and regulations, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
L’agenzia tripartita dell’UE che fornisce le conoscenze per contribuire allo sviluppo di migliori politiche sociali, occupazionali e relative al lavoro
La presente relazione presenta la ricerca di Eurofound sul telelavoro durante la pandemia di COVID-19 nel 2020 e nel 2021. Esamina i cambiamenti nell’incidenza del telelavoro, soffermandosi sulle condizioni di lavoro dei dipendenti che lavorano da casa e sulle modifiche apportate alla regolamentaRead more
La presente relazione presenta la ricerca di Eurofound sul telelavoro durante la pandemia di COVID-19 nel 2020 e nel 2021. Esamina i cambiamenti nell’incidenza del telelavoro, soffermandosi sulle condizioni di lavoro dei dipendenti che lavorano da casa e sulle modifiche apportate alla regolamentazione per affrontare le questioni relative a questa modalità di lavoro. I risultati rivelano una rapida crescita del telelavoro a seguito della pandemia: nel 2021, due dipendenti europei su 10 telelavoravano, una cifra che molto probabilmente non sarebbe stata raggiunta prima del 2027 se non si fosse verificata la pandemia. La crisi sanitaria ha liberato il potenziale sociale e tecnologico della flessibilità in termini di orario e luogo di lavoro. L’impatto del telelavoro sulle condizioni di lavoro è stato inizialmente difficile da determinare, non essendo facilmente distinguibile da fattori indotti dalla pandemia, come i lockdown e le chiusure delle scuole. Tuttavia, sia gli effetti positivi, come il contributo al miglioramento dell’equilibrio tra lavoro e vita privata, sia gli impatti negativi, come la riduzione dell’interazione sociale e l’aumento del lavoro straordinario, sono diventati più evidenti. Con l’aumento del telelavoro e la consapevolezza delle sue implicazioni per le condizioni di lavoro è stata rivolta una rinnovata attenzione ai quadri regolamentari, che ha portato all’adozione di nuove regolamentazioni sul telelavoro in diversi Stati membri dell’UE.
Read lessEurofound (2022), The rise in telework: Impact on working conditions and regulations, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
The report contains the following lists of tables and figures.
Table 1: Frequency working with ICT from home and statistical sources
Table 2: Share of teleworkable employment, 2020, EU27 (%)
Table 3: Telework categories based on the EWCTS 2021
Table 4: Share of employees with a poor work–life balance, by telework arrangement, gender and whether or not they have children, EU27 (%)
Table 5: Telework regulation clusters
Table 6: Changes in national regulations of telework
Table 7: Main topics addressed in telework legislative reforms
Table 8: Overview of national-level (cross-industry) collective agreements on telework
Figure 1: Share of employees working from home, 2008–2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 2: Simple projections of the share of employees working from home in a non-pandemic scenario, 2012–2035, EU27 (%)
Figure 3: Share of employees working from home, 2019–2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 4: Employees working from home by sex, 2021 (%) and 2019–2021 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 5: Employees working from home by sex and country, 2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 6: Employees working from home by age, 2021 (%) and 2019–2021 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 7: Employees working from home by size of business, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 8: Share of employees working from home by country, 2019–2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 9: Share of employees working from home by settlement type, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 10: Share of employees working from home by level of education, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 11: Employees working from home by occupation, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 12: Employees working from home by sector, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 13: Share of employees in teleworkable employment by sex and country, 2020, EU27 (%)
Figure 14: Average wage levels by degree of teleworkability and sex, 2018 (average wage levels in 2018 are equal to 100), EU27
Figure 15: Absolute change (thousands) in employment levels by occupations’ degree of teleworkability and sex, 2018–2019 (a) and 2019–2020 (b), EU27
Figure 16: Share of full-time employees working long (weekly) hours by telework arrangement, 2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 17: Share of full-time employees working overtime, working during their free time and working more than 40 hours per week by telework arrangement (%)
Figure 18: Share of employees in telework arrangements (full-time and partial telework) working overtime compared with the national average of all workers, 2021 (%)
Figure 19: Share of teleworking employees with a poor work–life balance compared with the national average of all workers, EU27 (%)
Figure 20: Share of employees with a poor work–life balance by gender and telework arrangement, EU27 (%)
Figure 21: Share of employees feeling too tired after work to do some of the household jobs that need to be done by telework arrangement, EU27 (%)
Figure 22: Share of employees finding it difficult to concentrate on their job because of family responsibilities, EU27 (%)
Figure 23: Share of employees reporting headaches and eyestrain by telework arrangement, EU27 (%)
Figure 24: Share of teleworkers experiencing anxiety, compared with teleworkers and the national average of all workers, 2020–2021 (%)
Figure 25: Employees’ well-being score (out of 100) by telework arrangement, 2021, EU27
Figure 26: Regulatory sources of telework in the EU countries
Figure 27: Number of sectors covered by sectoral agreements with telework provisions by selected Member States, 2021
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Le ricerche effettuate anteriormente al recesso del Regno Unito dall’Unione europea il 31 gennaio 2020, e pubblicate successivamente, possono includere i dati relativi ai 28 Stati membri. Salvo indicazione contraria, successivamente a tale data, la ricerca prende in considerazione unicamente i 27 Stati membri dell’UE (UE28 meno il Regno Unito).
Eurofound’s work on COVID-19 examines the far-reaching socioeconomic implications of the pandemic across Europe as they continue to impact living and working conditions. A key element of the research is the e-survey, launched in April 2020, with five rounds completed at different stages during 2020, 2021 and 2022. This is complemented by the inclusion of research into the ongoing effects of the pandemic in much of Eurofound’s other areas of work.
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