The dawn of 2022 brought muted optimism to a Europe beginning to emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic, and the progress of vaccination programmes worldwide brought hope. Government and EU support during the pandemic had kept unemployment at bay, averting the widescale collapse of businesses. In step with the EU’s plans for the year, Eurofound’s focus was firmly on a post-pandemic Europe: the recovery and the twin transition to a green and digital economy. All this changed with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the start of a war of aggression. The EU and its institutions were compelled to respond rapidly.
Europe faces a winter of uncertainty and potentially discontent. The cost of living is rising rapidly and the spectre of recession looms.
Economic concerns are affecting citizens’ trust in institutions. Research by Eurofound has indicated a decrease in trust in national institutions across the European Union – including in governments, healthcare systems and the police.
Šioje ataskaitoje pristatomi EUROFOUND 2020 ir 2021 m. nuotolinio darbo COVID-19 pandemijos metu tyrimai. Joje nagrinėjami nuotolinio darbo dažnumo pokyčiai, darbo sąlygos, su kuriomis susidūrė iš namų dirbantys darbuotojai, ir teisės aktų, kuriais sprendžiami su šia darbo tvarka susiję klausimai, pakeitimai. Iš tyrimų matyti, kad nuotolinis darbas sparčiai didėjo dėl pandemijos: 2021 m. 2 iš 10 Europos darbuotojų dirbo nuotoliniu būdu – toks rodiklis, jei ne pandemija, greičiausiai būtų pasiektas tik 2027 m.
2020 m. pradžioje EUROFOUND pradėta apklausa „Gyvenimas, darbas ir COVID-19“ siekiama nustatyti plataus masto pandemijos poveikį ES piliečių darbui ir gyvenimui. Be to, per penktąjį EUROFOUND apklausos etapą, kuris buvo įgyvendintas 2022 m. pavasarį, išryškėjo nauja neapibrėžta realybė, kurią sukėlė karas Ukrainoje, rekordiškai didelė infliacija ir staigus pragyvenimo išlaidų padidėjimas. Europos mokymo fondas (ETF) 10 Europos Sąjungos (ES) kaimyninių šalių kaip bandomąją apklausą įgyvendino trumpesnę klausimyno versiją.
Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor database reveals the impact of the energy crisis on employment in the EU. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, energy prices have hit record highs. The European Commission imposed sanctions and limitations on the import of oil and gas from Russia, which has reacted by reneging on supply commitments to many Member States. Compared to other countries, market disruption has been especially acute in the EU, given the bloc’s overdependence on Russian energy supply.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the electricity sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements.
Šioje ataskaitoje analizuojama socialinio dialogo ir kolektyvinių derybų reikšmė sprendžiant problemas, su kuriomis civilinės aviacijos sektorius susidūrė per COVID-19 pandemiją. Socialinių partnerių įtaka priemonėms, kuriomis siekiama sušvelninti neigiamą pandemijos poveikį, Europos šalyse nevienoda. Daugelyje šalių socialinis dialogas ir kolektyvinės derybos turėjo didelę įtaką, kitose jų reikšmė buvo mažesnė. Ataskaitoje taip pat nagrinėjami nacionalinio lygmens socialinio dialogo ir (arba) kolektyvinių derybų procesų pokyčiai.
Šioje ataskaitoje analizuojamas socialinio dialogo ir kolektyvinių derybų vaidmuo sprendžiant dėl COVID-19 pandemijos ligoninių sektoriuje kilusias arba paaštrėjusias problemas. Joje taip pat nagrinėjama, ar dabartiniai socialinio dialogo ir kolektyvinių derybų procesai nacionaliniu lygmeniu buvo pritaikyti šiems naujiems uždaviniams spręsti. Vykdant tyrimą buvo atlikta literatūros apžvalga ligoninių sektoriaus struktūriniams ypatumams nustatyti ir išanalizuotos krizės valdymo politinės iniciatyvos visose 27 ES valstybėse narėse ir Norvegijoje.
Ši ataskaita parengta įgyvendinant trejų metų (2021–2023 m.) bandomąjį projektą „Minimaliojo darbo užmokesčio vaidmuo nustatant Visuotinę darbo garantiją“, kurį Europos Komisija pavedė vykdyti EUROFOUND. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas projekto 3 moduliui, kuriame nagrinėjamas minimaliųjų darbo užmokesčių ir kitų formų užmokesčių savarankiškai dirbantiems asmenims klausimas.
Griežti visuomenės sveikatos ribojimai, kuriuos 2020 m. vyriausybės nustatė siekdamos kontroliuoti COVID-19 pandemiją, staiga pakeitė profesinį gyvenimą ir toliau jį koregavo per kitus dvejus metus. 2021 m. kovo–lapkričio mėn. per 36 šalyse vykusį aukštos kokybės tikimybinį Europos darbo sąlygų tyrimą telefonu (EDSTT) atlikta daugiau kaip 70 000 apklausų. Tyrimo tikslas – pateikti išsamų Europos gyventojų profesinio gyvenimo šiuo išskirtiniu laikotarpiu apibūdinimą.
This series reports on the new forms of employment emerging across Europe that are driven by societal, economic and technological developments and are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. This series explores what characterises these new employment forms and what implications they have for working conditions and the labour market.
The European Company Survey (ECS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2004–2005, with the latest edition in 2019. The survey is designed to provide information on workplace practices to develop and evaluate socioeconomic policy in the EU. It covers issues around work organisation, working time arrangements and work–life balance, flexibility, workplace innovation, employee involvement, human resource management, social dialogue, and most recently also skills use, skills strategies and digitalisation.
The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2003, with the latest edition in 2016. It examines both the objective circumstances of people's lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. It covers issues around employment, income, education, housing, family, health and work–life balance. It also looks at subjective topics, such as people's levels of happiness and life satisfaction, and perceptions of the quality of society.
This series brings together publications and other outputs of the European Jobs Monitor (EJM), which tracks structural change in European labour markets. The EJM analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives a qualitative assessment of these shifts using various proxies of job quality – wages, skill-levels, etc.
Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. This series consists of outputs from the EQLS 2016, the fourth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2003.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2015, the sixth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 1996, the second edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2001, which was an extension of the EWCS 2000 to cover the then 12 acceding and candidate countries. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2000, the third edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the first edition of the survey carried out in 2004–2005 under the name European Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance.
The use of artificial intelligence, advanced robotics and the Internet of Things technologies in the workplace can bring about fundamental changes in work organisation and working conditions. This report analyses the ethical and human implications of the use of these technologies at work by drawing on qualitative interviews with policy stakeholders, input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Delphi expert surveys, and case studies.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of this Eurofound’s study on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the professional football sector in the EU Member States.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in European sectoral social dialogue taking place at cross-sectoral level. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of this Eurofound’s study on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations at cross-sectoral level in the EU Member States.
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