One of the most striking developments of the last half-century has been the huge rise in female labour market participation in advanced economies. More than two out of every three net new jobs created over the last two decades in the EU have been taken up by women, who now account for 46% of the workforce in the EU27. In 2002, the comparable figure was less than 43% and in the early 1990s it was less than 40%. This is a reflection of growing opportunities for women as well as the consolidation of a broader trend towards dual earner households.
This paper provides a context for the questions to be explored within the Foundation Forum 2022. Europe is emerging from the COVID-19 crisis having managed to protect its economy in the face of a major shock and prevent mass unemployment. However, challenges remain. While the Member States up to now appear to have diverged only moderately, at most, on key economic and social indicators, it seems that the pandemic has widened many social inequalities. The mass shift to telework has raised questions over how the world of work will look in the future.
Pastaraisiais metais, išskyrus pavienius protrūkius, ES valstybėse narėse kolektyvinių veiksmų apskritai sumažėjo. Per COVID-19 pandemiją ši tendencija išliko, o reikšmingiausi darbo ginčai, nenuostabu, kilo žmonių sveikatos priežiūros ir socialinių paslaugų, švietimo, transporto ir logistikos sektoriuose. Šioje ataskaitoje analizuojami 2018–2019 m. laikotarpiu EUROFOUND surinkti duomenys, vykdant Kolektyvinių veiksmų stebėsenos duomenų bazės bandomąja veiklą.
Šioje ataskaitoje apžvelgiamas COVID-19 krizės poveikis vyresnio amžiaus piliečių gyvenimo kokybei, įskaitant poveikį jų gerovei, finansams, užimtumui ir socialinei įtraukčiai. Joje nagrinėjamas poveikis priežiūros paslaugų naudojimui ir vyresnio amžiaus žmonių priklausomybė nuo kitos paramos. Ataskaitoje pristatomos ES valstybėse narėse įgyvendintos politikos priemonės, kuriomis siekiama remti vyresnio amžiaus žmones visais pirmiau minėtais aspektais.
The first overview of minimum wage setting for 2022 shows that, while some negotiations are still ongoing, virtually all EU Member States have increased their nominal statutory rates. Compared to last year, when most countries settled for cautious increases against a background of deep uncertainty caused by the pandemic, growth in statutory rates for 2022 was stronger, reflecting an easing of the situation. This was especially the case in central and eastern European countries, where some increases were in double digits. Nevertheless, inflation is back in the picture and should be monitored in the coming months to get an insight into how the increases in nominal minimum wage rates translate into actual changes in the purchasing power of minimum wage earners.
This programming document describes Eurofound’s planned work over the programming period 2021–2024. It sets out the policy and institutional context for the programme, outlines the multiannual programme for the four-year period and sets out the work programme for 2022. Eurofound’s priorities for 2021–2024 are shaped by the key challenges for social cohesion and just transitions in a changing environment in the aftermath of the COVID-19 crisis. The Agency focuses on issues where it can draw on its core expertise in the areas of working conditions, industrial relations, employment and living conditions, to support its stakeholders, by providing evidence that can assist their policy action.
The European Union Agencies Network on Scientific Advice (EU-ANSA) consists of technical and regulatory agencies that provide scientific advice to EU policymakers. This report demonstrates how EU-ANSA member Agencies are addressing the socioeconomic effects of sustainable development. It is based on two surveys conducted among the member Agencies. The survey results show that the most researched areas include the economy, employment, skills and training, gender inequalities, health and safety, social aspects, the role of regulation and social dialogue.
ES projekto pagrindas – aukštynkryptė konvergencija. Valstybės narės ir jų piliečiai prisijungia prie Sąjungos, nes tikisi, kad jų narystė užtikrins subalansuotą ekonominę gerovę ir socialinę pažangą visose šalyse. Didėjantys skirtumai tarp valstybių narių, kaip atsitiko per 2008–2013 m. ekonomikos krizę, gali būti vertinami kaip išduotas ES pažadas ir pasėti nepasitenkinimą bei dezintegraciją. Ši pavyzdinė ataskaita yra EUROFOUND 2017 m. inicijuotų konvergencijos ES stebėsenos mokslinių tyrimų kulminacija.
Technologiniai pokyčiai spartėja, nes elektroninių įtaisų galimybės skaitmeniniu būdu saugoti, apdoroti ir perduoti informaciją didėja. Skaitmeninimas keičia ES ekonomiką ir darbo rinkas: beveik trečdalis ES darbo vietų yra suskaitmenintos. Koks yra skaitmeninės revoliucijos poveikis užimtumui ir darbui? Kaip tai gali paveikti socialinį dialogą?
Vienas ryškiausių pastarojo amžiaus pokyčių buvo didžiulis moterų dalyvavimo darbo rinkoje augimas. Dvi iš trijų grynųjų naujų darbo vietų, sukurtų per pastaruosius du dešimtmečius ES, buvo užimtos moterų. Tuo pat metu dėl gyventojų senėjimo ir politikos pokyčių smarkiai didėjantis vyresnio amžiaus darbuotojų užimtumo lygis darbo rinkoje padidino vyresnio amžiaus darbuotojų dalį. Šioje ataskaitoje nagrinėjamas per pastarąjį ketvirtį amžiaus (1995–2019 m.) pasikeitusių darbo jėgos pasiūlos kontūrų poveikis užimtumo struktūrai Europoje.
Eurofound’s work on COVID-19 examines the far-reaching socioeconomic implications of the pandemic across Europe as they continue to impact living and working conditions. A key element of the research is the e-survey, launched in April 2020, with five rounds completed at different stages during 2020, 2021 and 2022. This is complemented by the inclusion of research into the ongoing effects of the pandemic in much of Eurofound’s other areas of work.
Eurofound's representativeness studies are designed to allow the European Commission to identify the ‘management and labour’ whom it must consult under article 154 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). This series consists of studies of the representativeness of employer and worker organisations in various sectors.
This series reports on developments in minimum wage rates across the EU, including how they are set and how they have developed over time in nominal and real terms. The series explores where there are statutory minimum wages or collectively agreed minimum wages in the Member States, as well as minimum wage coverage rates by gender.
The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) launched in 1990 and is carried out every five years, with the latest edition in 2015. It provides an overview of trends in working conditions and quality of employment for the last 30 years. It covers issues such as employment status, working time duration and organisation, work organisation, learning and training, physical and psychosocial risk factors, health and safety, work–life balance, worker participation, earnings and financial security, work and health, and most recently also the future of work.
The European Restructuring Monitor has reported on the employment impact of large-scale business restructuring since 2002. This series includes its restructuring-related databases (events, support instruments and legislation) as well as case studies and publications.
Eurofound’s Flagship report series 'Challenges and prospects in the EU' comprise research reports that contain the key results of multiannual research activities and incorporate findings from different related research projects. Flagship reports are the major output of each of Eurofound’s strategic areas of intervention and have as their objective to contribute to current policy debates.
Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the ECS 2019, the fourth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2004–2005 as the European Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance.
This series reports on and updates latest information on the involvement of national social partners in policymaking. The series analyses the involvement of national social partners in the implementation of policy reforms within the framework of social dialogue practices, including their involvement in elaborating the National Reform Programmes (NRPs).
This series reports on the new forms of employment emerging across Europe that are driven by societal, economic and technological developments and are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. This series explores what characterises these new employment forms and what implications they have for working conditions and the labour market.
The European Company Survey (ECS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2004–2005, with the latest edition in 2019. The survey is designed to provide information on workplace practices to develop and evaluate socioeconomic policy in the EU. It covers issues around work organisation, working time arrangements and work–life balance, flexibility, workplace innovation, employee involvement, human resource management, social dialogue, and most recently also skills use, skills strategies and digitalisation.
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