Šajā ziņojumā ir analizēta sociālā dialoga un darba koplīguma sarunu nozīme to problēmu risināšanā, ar kurām saskaras civilās aviācijas nozare Covid-19 pandēmijas laikā. Sociālo partneru iesaiste pandēmijas negatīvās ietekmes mazināšanas pasākumos dažādās Eiropas valstīs ir atšķirīga. Lielākajā daļā valstu liela nozīme bija sociālajam dialogam un darba koplīguma sarunām, savukārt citās valstīs tām bija ierobežotāka loma. Ziņojumā ir aplūkotas arī izmaiņas, kas veiktas esošajā sociālajā dialogā un/vai darba koplīguma sarunu procesos valsts līmenī.
Šajā ziņojumā ir analizēta sociālā dialoga un darba koplīguma slēgšanas sarunu nozīme Covid-19 pandēmijas radīto vai saasināto problēmu risināšanā slimnīcu nozarē. Tajā arī pētīts, vai esošie sociālā dialoga un darba koplīguma sarunu procesi valstu līmenī tika pielāgoti, lai risinātu šīs jaunās problēmas. Pētījums ietvēra literatūras apskatu, lai kontekstualizētu slimnīcu nozares strukturālās iezīmes, un analīzi par politikas iniciatīvām krīzes pārvarēšanai, kas īstenotas ES-27 un Norvēģijā.
Šis ziņojums ir sagatavots saistībā ar trīs gadu (2021.–2023. gada) pilotprojektu “Minimālās algas nozīme vispārējās darba garantijas izveidē”, ko Eiropas Komisija bija uzticējusi Eurofound. Ziņojuma uzmanības centrā ir projekta 3. modulis, kurā pētītas minimālās algas un citi atalgojuma veidi pašnodarbinātām personām. Ņemot vērā problemātiskos apstākļus, ar kādiem saskaras konkrētas pašnodarbināto personu grupas, dažas dalībvalstis ir izveidojušas vai pašlaik apspriež dažu ar likumu noteiktu minimālā atalgojuma veidu piedāvāšanu pašnodarbināto personu izvēlētām kategorijām.
Stingrie sabiedrības veselības ierobežojumi, ko valdības ieviesa 2020. gadā, lai kontrolētu Covid-19 pandēmiju, pēkšņi mainīja darba dzīvi un turpināja to ietekmēt turpmākajos divos gados. No 2021. gada marta līdz novembrim 36 valstīs ar Eiropas darba apstākļu telefona apsekojumu (EWCTS), kas balstīts uz augstas kvalitātes varbūtību, tika veiktas vairāk nekā 70 000 intervijas. Mērķis bija sniegt detalizētu priekšstatu par eiropiešu darba dzīvi šajā ārkārtējā laikā.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the Food and drink sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound’s studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in the EU Member States.
Ziņojumā aplūkots, kā iedzīvotāju uzticēšanās iestādēm, tostarp valstu valdībām, ES, zinātnei un medijiem, mainījās COVID-19 pandēmijas laikā 2020. un 2021. gadā. Tiek analizēta mediju loma, īpaši sociālo mediju izmantošanas saistība ar uzticēšanos un maldinošas informācijas (nepareizas vai maldinošas informācija) un dezinformācijas (apzināti maldinošas informācijas) ietekmi krīzes periodā. Balstoties uz plašu literatūras apskatu, ziņojumā ir aprakstītas COVID-19 politikas pasākumu izraisītās sekas, galveno uzmanību pievēršot iedzīvotāju uzticībai savas valsts iestādēm un ES.
Iestāžu kvalitāte ir būtisks faktors augšupējas ekonomiskās un sociālās konverģences panākšanai ES, tai ir būtiska nozīme ekonomikas izaugsmē, ārvalstu investīciju piesaistīšanā, politikas nostādņu un reformu īstenošanas nodrošināšanā un sekmīgā piekļuvē ES līdzekļiem. Publisko iestāžu atbilstība mērķim pašlaik ir īpaši svarīga saistībā ar NextGenerationEU programmas īstenošanu, jo slikta iestāžu kvalitāte varētu kavēt piekļuvi līdzekļiem un mazināt pašas programmas efektivitāti.
The EU Presidency of Czechia organised a high-level conference in October 2022 on ‘Tackling energy poverty: EU approach & sharing best practices’. The event aimed to bring different actors together in order to strengthen the dialogue on possible solutions on how to further tackle energy poverty in the EU. This background paper, prepared at the request of the Czech Presidency, aims to contribute to the debate.
This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In addition, the paper looks at how EWCs meet the requirements of the EWC Directive in terms of establishing processes of information and consultation.
Eiropas darba tirgi ir lielā mērā atguvušies no Covid-19. Līdz 2021. gada beigām nedaudz vairāk kā 18 mēnešus pēc pandēmijas sākuma nodarbinātības līmenis ES bija gandrīz pirmskrīzes līmenī. Šajā ziņojumā ir apkopotas norises darba tirgū 2020. un 2021. gadā, izmantojot ES darbaspēka apsekojuma ceturkšņa datus. Tas tiek darīts no strukturālā viedokļa, galveno uzmanību pievēršot nozares un profesijas līmeņa datiem un galvenajiem demogrāfiskajiem mainīgajiem lielumiem — dzimumu un vecumu.
This series reports on the new forms of employment emerging across Europe that are driven by societal, economic and technological developments and are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. This series explores what characterises these new employment forms and what implications they have for working conditions and the labour market.
The European Company Survey (ECS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2004–2005, with the latest edition in 2019. The survey is designed to provide information on workplace practices to develop and evaluate socioeconomic policy in the EU. It covers issues around work organisation, working time arrangements and work–life balance, flexibility, workplace innovation, employee involvement, human resource management, social dialogue, and most recently also skills use, skills strategies and digitalisation.
The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2003, with the latest edition in 2016. It examines both the objective circumstances of people's lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. It covers issues around employment, income, education, housing, family, health and work–life balance. It also looks at subjective topics, such as people's levels of happiness and life satisfaction, and perceptions of the quality of society.
This series brings together publications and other outputs of the European Jobs Monitor (EJM), which tracks structural change in European labour markets. The EJM analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives a qualitative assessment of these shifts using various proxies of job quality – wages, skill-levels, etc.
Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. This series consists of outputs from the EQLS 2016, the fourth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2003.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2015, the sixth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 1996, the second edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2001, which was an extension of the EWCS 2000 to cover the then 12 acceding and candidate countries. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2000, the third edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the first edition of the survey carried out in 2004–2005 under the name European Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance.
This report explores the association between skills use and skills strategies and establishment performance, and how other workplace practices, in terms of work organisation, human resources management and employee involvement, can impact on this. It looks at how skills shortages can be addressed, at least in part, by creating an environment in which employees are facilitated and motivated to make better use of the skills they already have. This further supports the business case for a more holistic approach to management.
This paper provides an analytical summary of state of the art academic and policy literature on the impact of climate change and policies to manage transitions to a carbon neutral economy on employment, working conditions, social dialogue and living conditions. It maps the key empirical findings around the impact of climate change and the green transitions on jobs, sectors, regions and countries in Europe, identifying the opportunities and risks that climate change policies bring to European labour markets.
In 2022, the European Semester was streamlined to integrate the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) established on 19 February 2021 (Regulation (EU) 2021/241). While facing the geopolitical and economic challenges triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Member States have been implementing the national Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs) for more than one year and around 100 billion euro in RRF funds have already been disbursed.
As economies emerge from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report will look at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care and information and communications technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin digital and green transitions.
This report explores the drivers of economic and social convergence in Europe, using a selected set of economic and social indicators to examine trends in the performance of individual Member States. It also investigates what role the Economic and Monetary Union plays in convergence, particularly in southern and eastern Member States. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on convergence is analysed and initial conclusions are drawn about the impact of EU recovery packages and their ability to prevent divergence.
As part of its response to Russia’s war on Ukraine, the EU swiftly activated its Temporary Protection Directive for those fleeing the conflict in Ukraine – enabling displaced persons to settle in the EU and have access to the labour market and basic public services. This policy brief highlights the main barriers encountered by these refugees (over 5 million people to date) when seeking a job and provides suggestions on how to facilitate their integration.
With the expansion of telework and different forms of hybrid work as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for policymakers to consider both the opportunities and the negative consequences that may result. This report will explore potential scenarios for such work. In doing so, it will identify trends and drivers, and predict how they might interact to create particular outcomes and how they are likely to affect workers and businesses. Policy pointers will outline what could be done to facilitate desirable outcomes and to avoid undesirable ones.
Living and working in Europe, Eurofound’s 2022 yearbook, provides a snapshot of the latest developments in the work and lives of Europeans as explored in the Agency’s research activities over the course of 2022. Eurofound’s research on working and living conditions in Europe provides a bedrock of evidence for input into social policymaking and achieving the Agency’s vision ‘to be Europe’s leading knowledge source for better life and work’.
The term ‘hybrid work’ became popular due to the upsurge of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic. The term has been increasingly used to refer to situations in which (teleworkable) work is performed both from the usual place of work (normally the employer’s premises) and from home (as experienced during the pandemic) or other locations. However, the concept of hybrid work is still blurry, and various meanings are in use. This topical update brings clarity to this concept by exploring available information from recent literature and the Network of Eurofound Correspondents.
Housing affordability is a matter of great concern across the EU. Poor housing affordability leads to housing evictions, housing insecurity, problematic housing costs and housing inadequacy. These problems negatively affect health and well-being, create unequal living conditions and opportunities, and come with healthcare costs, reduced productivity and environmental damage. Private market tenants face particularly large increases in the cost of housing.
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