Tackling undeclared work database

Undeclared work can be defined as work which is in itself legal but is not declared to the authorities for tax, social security and/or labour law purposes. Across the 28 Member States of the European Union, a great deal of effort is being invested into developing and testing policy measures that aim to tackle undeclared work.

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Targeted reduction of social security payments, Turkey

02 June 2013
  • Turkey
  The Turkish government introduced a general as well as targeted reduction of social security contributions and significant social security and corporate and VAT reductions for enterprises investing in less developed regions. The incentives were coupled with a deterrence approach targeted at employers using undeclared labour. The measure has led to an increase in formal (new) jobs.  
  • Type of measure:

    Deterrence: improve detection, Legitimising undeclared work, Prevention

Promoting external work contracts, Slovakia

02 June 2013
  • Slovakia
 
  • Type of measure:

    Legitimising undeclared work, Prevention

Tourism industry campaign, Iceland

02 June 2013
  • Iceland
  The Icelandic Travel Industry Association and the Icelandic Tourist Board undertook a research project in 2011 to assess the scale of unlicensed businesses within the hotel and tourist industry. The aim of the project was to raise awareness and trigger changes in attitudes towards working on an undeclared basis.  
  • Type of measure:

    Changing attitudes: awareness raising, Changing attitudes: commitment to tax morality

Start-up premium, Germany

02 June 2013
  • Germany
  The introduction of the Ich-AG scheme in 2003, a new public subsidy for business start-ups, was intended to reduce Germany’s unemployment rate, to combat illegal employment and to offer unemployed people a way out of undeclared work. In 2006, the federal government fused the two labour market instruments and the ‘start-up premium’ (Gründungszuschuss) came into effect, aimed at improving administrative effectiveness and avoiding duplicated structures for the scheme.  
  • Type of measure:

    Legitimising undeclared work

Training labour inspectors, Portugal

02 June 2013
  • Portugal
  This measure involves a training course on the topic of undeclared and irregular work specifically for labour inspectors recruited since 2009, organised by ACT with the objective of understanding the varied forms of undeclared and irregular work in the context of the current legal framework, Domestic work, home working, rural labour, and micro and small enterprises have been identified as areas deserving particular focus as regards undeclared work.  
  • Type of measure:

    Deterrence: improve detection

Labour Inspectorate campaign, Hungary

02 June 2013
  • Hungary
  Inspections and penalties are used in Hungary to curb the undeclared economy. The Hungarian Labour Inspectorate (OMMF) is a central agency under the control of the Minister of Employment, in charge of supervising (legal) employment and the safety of employees. The inspection campaign for 2012 aimed to spread information countrywide concerning the benefits of legal employment, to offer consultancy services for employers and potential employees and to carry out inspections with the aim of increasing legal employment figures.  
  • Type of measure:

    Deterrence: improve detection

Seasonal work vouchers, Croatia

02 June 2013
  • Croatia
  This project, introduced during the summer of 2012, aims at making it easier to employ seasonal workers in agriculture in a formal way by issuing vouchers. The employers use the vouchers to pay the seasonal workers. The purchased vouchers include social contributions and taxes.  
  • Type of measure:

    Legitimising undeclared work, Prevention

National minimum wage agreements, Estonia

02 June 2013
  • Estonia
  In Estonia, national minimum wage rates are negotiated through bipartite agreements between the Estonian Trade Union Confederation and the Estonian Employers’ Confederation, which are then translated into regulations by the government. The minimum wages are applied across the whole economy. One of the arguments behind raising minimum wage levels has been to reduce the share of undeclared wages.  
  • Type of measure:

    Legitimising undeclared work, Prevention

Employers’ campaign against the shadow economy, Latvia

02 June 2013
  • Latvia
  In 2011 the Latvian Employers’ Confederation conducted a publicity campaign in the framework of the European Social Fund project, ‘Practical application of normative acts of labour relations and safety at work in sectors and undertakings’. The campaign comprised six parts, including an online test and discussions with business representatives, and targeted Latvian citizens, business people, politicians and the government.  
  • Type of measure:

    Changing attitudes: awareness raising, Changing attitudes: commitment to tax morality

Tax deductions for domestic service work, Sweden

02 June 2013
  • Sweden
  Undeclared work accounts for about half of the total tax gap in Sweden and the country has taken important measures to tackle undeclared work, especially in sectors such as commerce, construction and other sectors with high cash turnover. From 8 December 2008, Swedish citizens can apply for a tax deduction amounting to 50% of the labour cost for renovations, repair, cleaning, maintenance work on homes, etc. This measure aims to boost employment and transforming undeclared work to legal work.  
  • Type of measure:

    Legitimising undeclared work, Prevention

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