EMCC European Monitoring Centre on Change

Restructuring related legislation

Eurofound’s ERM database on restructuring related legal regulations provides information on regulations in the Member States of the European Union and Norway which are explicitly or implicitly linked to anticipating and managing change. The database covers statutory rules, only, and does not include collective agreements or company-level initiatives. The regulations are described in terms of their content, thresholds, involved actors and who covers the cost (if applicable). The aim is to provide an easy possibility of a cross-national comparison of the main features of restructuring related legislation.

Eurofound aims to keep this information up to date and accurate. If errors are brought to our attention, we will try to correct them. However, Eurofound accepts no responsibility or liability whatsoever with regard to the information in this database. This information is:

  • of a general nature only and is not intended to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual or entity; not necessarily comprehensive, complete, accurate or up to date;
  • sometimes linked to external sites over which Eurofound services have no control and for which Eurofound assumes no responsibility;
  • not professional or legal advice (if specific advice is needed, a suitably qualified professional should be consulted).

Research carried out prior to the UK’s withdrawal from the European Union on 31 January 2020, and published subsequently, may include data relating to the 28 EU Member States. Following this date, research only takes into account the 27 EU Member States (EU28 minus the UK), unless specified otherwise.

498 items found

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  • CountryEU 27 + UK and Norway
  • Titlethe title is made up of the country name and type, for example: Austria: working time flexibility
  • PhaseEither anticipation or management
    • Anticipationrefers to activities that help to prepare workers or companies for change.
    • Managementcovers activities required to handle a current restructuring event while minimising social costs. It refers to the steps involved in implementing an organisational change process.
  • Typethe range includes, for example, provisions for collective dismissal, information/consultation obligations, notice periods and severance payments, training obligations for employers and employees and regulations concerning working time flexibility
  • Choose bywhether the regulation is obligatory in all circumstances or only for companies over a certain size or cases affecting a certain number of workers
  • Cost covered by
    • no specific additional costs are involved
    • costs covered by national or regional governments
    • cost covered by companies in general or the specific employer undergoing restructuring
    • cost covered by employees
  • Involved actorsincluding regional or local government, works councils, employers’ organisations, trade union or public employment services. The national government, as legislator, is assumed to be involved in all regulations so is not included as a filter option.
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Tittel Countrysorter i stigende rekkefølge Type Virkelig navn Engelsk navn
Italy: Working time flexibility Italy Working time flexibility D.Lgs. 14 settembre 2015, n. 148, Disposizioni per il riordino della normativa in materia di ammortizzatori sociali in costanza di rapporto di lavoro; Decreto legge 28 settembre 2018, n. 109, Disposizioni urgenti per la citta' di Genova, la sicurezza della rete nazionale delle infrastrutture e dei trasporti, gli eventi sismici del 2016 e 2017, il lavoro e le altre emergenze; Decreto Legge 25 maggio 2021, n. 73 Misure urgenti connesse all'emergenza da COVID-19, per le imprese, il lavoro, i giovani, la salute e i servizi territoriali. Legislative Decree 14 September 2015, no. 148, Provisions to recast rules on social safety nets for workers in employment; Decree Law 28 September 2018, n. 109, Urgent provisions for the city of Genoa, the security of the national infrastructure and transport network, the 2016 and 2017 seismic events, work and other emergencies; Decree Law 25 May 2021, n. 73 Urgent measures related to the COVID-19 emergency, for businesses, work, young people, health and local services.
Italy: Obligation to consider alternatives to collective dismissals Italy Obligation to consider alternatives to collective dismissals Legge 23 luglio 1991, n. 223, Norme in materia di cassa integrazione, mobilità, trattamenti di disoccupazione, attuazione di direttive della Comunità europea, avviamento al lavoro ed altre disposizioni in materia di mercato del lavoro; Legge 28 giugno 2012, n. 92, Disposizioni in materia di riforma del mercato del lavoro in una prospettiva di crescita Law 23 July 1991, no. 223, Rules on the Wage Guarantee Fund, redundancies, unemployment benefits, enforcement of European directives, job placement, and other labour market provisions; Law of 28 June 2012, n. 92, Provisions on labor market reform with a view to growth
Italy: Selection of employees for (collective) dismissals Italy Selection of employees for (collective) dismissals Legge 23 luglio 1991, n. 223, Norme in materia di cassa integrazione, mobilità, trattamenti di disoccupazione, attuazione di direttive della Comunità europea, avviamento al lavoro ed altre disposizioni in materia di mercato del lavoro; Decreto Legislativo 14 Settembre 2015, n. 148; Decreto Legislativo 12 gennaio 2019, n. 14 Law 23 July 1991, no. 223, Rules on the Wage Guarantee Fund, redundancies, unemployment benefits, enforcement of European directives, job placement, and other labour market provisions; Legislative decree 14 September 2015, No. 148; Legislative decree 12 January 2019, No.14
Italy: Severance pay/redundancy compensation Italy Severance pay/redundancy compensation Legge 29 maggio 1982, n. 297, Disciplina del trattamento di fine rapporto e norme in materia pensionistica; Legge 23 agosto 2004, n. 243 Norme in materia pensionistica e deleghe al Governo nel settore della previdenza pubblica, per il sostegno alla previdenza complementare e all'occupazione stabile e per il riordino degli enti di previdenza ed assistenza obbligatoria; Legge 27 dicembre 2006, n. 296 Disposizioni per la formazione del bilancio annuale e pluriennale dello Stato (legge finanziaria 2007); Legge 4 agosto 2017, n. 124, Legge annuale per il mercato e la concorrenza Law 29 May 1982, no. 297, Regulation on severance pay and rules governing pensions; Law of 23 August 2004, n. 243 Pension regulations and government mandates in the public pension sector, to support supplementary pensions and stable employment and for the reorganisation of social security and mandatory assistance; Law of 27 December 2006, n. 296 Provisions for the formation of the annual and multi-year state budget (2007 financial law); Law no. 124/2017, Annual law for the market and competition
Italy: Public authorities information and consultation on dismissals Italy Public authorities information and consultation on dismissals Legge 23 luglio 1991, n. 223, Norme in materia di cassa integrazione, mobilità, trattamenti di disoccupazione, attuazione di direttive della Comunità europea, avviamento al lavoro ed altre disposizioni in materia di mercato del lavoro Law 23 July 1991, no. 223, Rules on the Wage Guarantee Fund, redundancies, unemployment benefits, enforcement of European directives, job placement, and other labour market provisions
Italy: Effects of non-compliance with dismissal regulations Italy Effects of non-compliance with dismissal regulations Legge 23 luglio 1991, n. 223, Norme in materia di cassa integrazione, mobilità, trattamenti di disoccupazione, attuazione di direttive della Comunità europea, avviamento al lavoro ed altre disposizioni in materia di mercato del lavoro; Legge 28 giugno 2012, n. 92, Disposizioni in materia di riforma del mercato del lavoro in una prospettiva di crescita; Decreto Legislativo 4 marzo 2015, n. 23. Disposizioni in materia di contratto di lavoro a tempo indeterminato a tutele crescenti; Decreto legge 12 luglio 2018, n. 87, Disposizioni urgenti per la dignita' dei lavoratori e delle imprese Law 23 July 1991, no. 223, Rules on the Wage Guarantee Fund, redundancies, unemployment benefits, enforcement of European directives, job placement, and other labour market provisions; Law of 28 June 2012, n. 92, Provisions on labor market reform with a view to growth; Legislative Decree 4 March 2015, no. 23. Provisions on the open-ended employment contract with growing protections; Decree Law 12 July 2018, n. 87, Urgent provisions for the dignity of workers and businesses
Italy: Staff information and consultation on business transfers Italy Staff information and consultation on business transfers Legge 29 dicembre 1990, n. 428, Disposizioni per l’adempimento di obblighi derivanti dall’appartenenza dell’Italia alle Comunità europee Law 29 December 1990, no. 428, Provisions for the fulfillment of obligations deriving from Italy’s membership of the European Communities
Italy: Employment protection in relation to business transfers Italy Employment protection in relation to business transfers Codice civile; Codice di Procedura Civile; Legge 29 Dicembre 1990, n. 428, Disposizioni per l'adempimento di obblighi derivanti dall'appartenenza dell'Italia alle Comunità europee; Decreto Legislativo 10 Settembre 2003, n. 276, Attuazione delle deleghe in materia di occupazione e mercato del lavoro, di cui alla legge 14 febbraio 2003, n. 30; Decreto Legislativo 6 Ottobre 2004, n. 251, Disposizioni correttive del decreto legislativo 10 settembre 2003, n. 276, in materia di occupazione e mercato del lavoro Civil Code; Civil Procedure Code; Law 29 December 1990, no.428, Provisions for the fulfillment of obligations deriving from Italy’s membership of the European Communities; Legislative Decree of 10 September 2003, no. 276, Implementation of provisions concerning employment and labour market, mandated by Law of 14 February 2003, no. 30; Legislative Decree no. 251 of 6 October 2004, Provisions amending Legislative Decree of 10 September 2003, no. 2765, concerning employment and the labour market
Italy: Rescue procedures in insolvency Italy Rescue procedures in insolvency Regio Decreto 16 marzo 1942, n. 267, Disciplina del fallimento, del concordato preventivo, dell'amministrazione controllata e della liquidazione coatta amministrativa; Decreto legislativo 9 gennaio 2006, n. 5 Riforma organica della disciplina delle procedure concorsuali; Decreto legge 27 giugno 2015, n. 83, coordinato con la legge di conversione 6 agosto 2015, n. 132, 'Misure urgenti in materia fallimentare, civile e processuale civile e di organizzazione e funzionamento dell’amministrazione giudiziaria'; Decreto legislativo del 12 gennaio 2019, n. 14, Codice della crisi d'impresa e dell'insolvenza in attuazione della legge 19 ottobre 2017, n. 155. Decreto legislativo 12 Gennaio 2019, n. 14 Royal Decree of 16 March 1942, no. 267, Discipline of bankruptcy and of insolvency proceedings (Bankruptcy law); Legislative decree of 9 January 2006, no. 5, Comprehensive reform of insolvency proceedings; Decree Law of 27 June 2015, no. 83, as converted into Law 6 August 2015 no. 132, Urgent measures concerning bankruptcy, the civil code, the civil procedure code and the organisation and functioning of judicial administration. Reform of the rules on corporate crisis and insolvency procedures; Law 19/10/2017 n. 155; Legislative decree 12 January 2019, n. 14, Code of business crisis and insolvency in implementation of the law of 19 October 2017, n. 155. Legislative decree 12 January 2019, n. 14
Italy: Notice period to employees Italy Notice period to employees Codice Civile; Contratti collettivi nazionali di settore; Legge 23 luglio 1991, n. 223, Norme in materia di cassa integrazione, mobilità, trattamenti di disoccupazione, attuazione di direttive della Comunità europea, avviamento al lavoro ed altre disposizioni in materia di mercato del lavoro Civil code; National sectoral collective agreements; Law 23 July 1991, no. 223, Rules on the Wage Guarantee Fund, redundancies, unemployment benefits, enforcement of European directives, job placement, and other labour market provisions
Italy: Definition of collective dismissal Italy Definition of collective dismissal Legge 23 luglio 1991, n. 223, Norme in materia di cassa integrazione, mobilità, trattamenti di disoccupazione, attuazione di direttive della Comunità europea, avviamento al lavoro ed altre disposizioni in materia di mercato del lavoro; Decreto Legislativo 8 aprile 1004, n. 110, Modifiche ed integrazioni alla legge 23 luglio 1991, n. 223, in materia di licenziamenti collettivi; Decreto legislativo n. 149 14/09/2015 Disposizioni per la razionalizzazione e la semplificazione dell'attività ispettiva in materia di lavoro e legislazione sociale, in attuazione della legge 10 dicembre 2014, n. 183; Decreto Legislativo n. 61 del 18 maggio 2018 (Marittimi) Law 23 July 1991, no. 223, Rules on the Wage Guarantee Fund, redundancies, unemployment benefits, enforcement of European directives, job placement, and other labour market provisions; Legislative Decree 8 April 2004, no. 110, Modification and integrations to Law 23 July 1993, no. 223, concerning collective dismissals; Legislative Decree n. 149 14/09/2015 Provisions for the rationalisation and simplification of inspection work and social legislation, in implementation of the law of 10 December 2014, n. 183; Legislative Decree no.61 of 18 May 2018 (seafarers)
Ireland: Time off for job search Ireland Time off for job search Redundancy Payments Act 1979 Redundancy Payments Act 1979
Ireland: Staff information and consultation on business transfers Ireland Staff information and consultation on business transfers European Communities (Protection of Employees on Transfer of Undertakings) Regulations 2003; S.I. No. 131/2003; S.I. No. 15/2018 - European Communities (Seafarers) Regulations 2018 European Communities (Protection of Employees on Transfer of Undertakings) Regulations 2003; S.I. No. 131/2003; S.I. No. 15/2018 - European Communities (Seafarers) Regulations 2018
Ireland: Wage guarantee in case of insolvency Ireland Wage guarantee in case of insolvency Protection of employees (employers' insolvency) acts 1984 - 2006 Protection of employees (employers' insolvency) acts 1984 - 2006
Ireland: Selection of employees for (collective) dismissals Ireland Selection of employees for (collective) dismissals Unfair dismissals acts 1977 to 2007; Employment equality acts 1998 to 2015 Unfair dismissals acts 1977 to 2007; Employment equality acts 1998 to 2015
Ireland: Notice period to employees Ireland Notice period to employees Minimum Notice and Terms of Employment Acts, 1973 - 2015; Protection of Employment Act, 1977; Employees (Provision of Information and Consultation) Act 2006 Minimum Notice and Terms of Employment Acts, 1973 - 2015; Protection of Employment Act, 1977; Employees (Provision of Information and Consultation) Act 2006
Ireland: Severance pay/redundancy compensation Ireland Severance pay/redundancy compensation Redundancy Payments Acts 1967-2007 Redundancy Payments Acts 1967-2007
Ireland: Staff information and consultation on restructuring plans Ireland Staff information and consultation on restructuring plans Employees (Provision of Information and Consultation) Act 2006 Employees (Provision of Information and Consultation) Act 2006
Ireland: Effects of non-compliance with dismissal regulations Ireland Effects of non-compliance with dismissal regulations Protection of employment act, 1977 (as amended by S.I. No. 370/1996 Protection of employment order 1996 and S.I. No. 488/2000 Protection of employment regulations 2000); Protection of employment (exceptional collective redundancies and related matters) act, 2007 Protection of employment act, 1977 (as amended by S.I. No. 370/1996 Protection of employment order 1996 and S.I. No. 488/2000 Protection of employment regulations 2000); Protection of employment (exceptional collective redundancies and related matters) act, 2007
Ireland: Redundant employees entitlement to public support Ireland Redundant employees entitlement to public support Social welfare consolidation act 2005; S.I. No. 440/2014 - Social welfare (consolidated claims, payments and control) (amendment) (No. 4) (Prescribed employment schemes) regulations 2014; S.I. No. 441/2014 - Social welfare (consolidated supplementary welfare allowance) (amendment) (No. 4) (Prescribed employment schemes) regulations 2014; Social welfare, pensions and civil registration act 2018 Social welfare consolidation act 2005; S.I. No. 440/2014 - Social welfare (consolidated claims, payments and control) (amendment) (No. 4) (Prescribed employment schemes) regulations 2014; S.I. No. 441/2014 - Social welfare (consolidated supplementary welfare allowance) (amendment) (No. 4) (Prescribed employment schemes) regulations 2014; Social welfare, pensions and civil registration act 2018

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