Europe faces a winter of uncertainty and potentially discontent. The cost of living is rising rapidly and the spectre of recession looms.
Economic concerns are affecting citizens’ trust in institutions. Research by Eurofound has indicated a decrease in trust in national institutions across the European Union – including in governments, healthcare systems and the police.
W przedmiotowym sprawozdaniu przedstawiono badania Eurofound dotyczące telepracy podczas pandemii COVID 19 w 2020 i 2021 r. Przeanalizowano zmiany w częstotliwości występowania telepracy, warunki pracy pracowników pracujących z domu oraz zmiany w przepisach regulujących kwestie związane z tą formą organizacji pracy. Wyniki tych badań wskazują na szybką eskalację telepracy wywołaną pandemią: w 2021 r. 2 na 10 europejskich pracowników wykonywało telepracę – liczba ta najprawdopodobniej nie zostałaby osiągnięta przed 2027 r., gdyby pandemia nie miała miejsca.
Badanie „Życie, praca i COVID 19”, przeprowadzone po raz pierwszy przez Eurofound na początku 2020 r., ma na celu uchwycenie szeroko zakrojonego wpływu pandemii na pracę i życie obywateli UE. Piąta runda badania Eurofound, która została przeprowadzona wiosną 2022 r., rzuca również światło na nową, niepewną rzeczywistość spowodowaną wojną w Ukrainie, rekordowo wysoką inflacją i gwałtownym wzrostem kosztów życia. Europejska Fundacja Kształcenia (ETF) przeprowadziła w ramach badania pilotażowego krótszą wersję kwestionariusza w 10 państwach sąsiadujących z Unią Europejską (UE).
Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor database reveals the impact of the energy crisis on employment in the EU. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, energy prices have hit record highs. The European Commission imposed sanctions and limitations on the import of oil and gas from Russia, which has reacted by reneging on supply commitments to many Member States. Compared to other countries, market disruption has been especially acute in the EU, given the bloc’s overdependence on Russian energy supply.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the electricity sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements.
W niniejszym sprawozdaniu analizuje się rolę dialogu społecznego i rokowań zbiorowych w rozwiązywaniu problemów, z jakimi borykał się sektor lotnictwa cywilnego w czasie pandemii COVID-19. Udział partnerów społecznych w działaniach podejmowanych w celu złagodzenia negatywnych skutków pandemii jest różny w poszczególnych krajach europejskich. Dialog społeczny i rokowania zbiorowe odgrywały znaczącą rolę w większości krajów, podczas gdy w innych miały bardziej ograniczoną rolę.
W niniejszym raporcie przeanalizowano rolę dialogu społecznego i rokowań zbiorowych w rozwiązywaniu problemów stworzonych lub zaostrzonych przez pandemię COVID 19 w sektorze szpitalnym. Zbadano również, czy istniejące procesy dialogu społecznego i rokowań zbiorowych na poziomie krajowym zostały dostosowane w celu sprostania tym nowym wyzwaniom. Badania obejmowały przegląd literatury w celu określenia kontekstu strukturalnych cech sektora szpitalnego oraz analizę inicjatyw politycznych mających na celu zarządzanie kryzysem, realizowanych w krajach UE 27 i Norwegii.
Przedmiotowe sprawozdanie jest realizowane w kontekście trzyletniego projektu pilotażowego (2021–2023) „Rola płacy minimalnej w ustanawianiu powszechnej gwarancji pracy” zleconego Eurofound przez Komisję Europejską. Skupia się na module 3 projektu, w którym to module zbadano płace minimalne i inne formy wynagrodzenia dla osób samozatrudnionych.
Surowe ograniczenia w zakresie zdrowia publicznego wprowadzone przez rządy w 2020 r. w celu opanowania pandemii COVID 19 gwałtownie zmieniły życie zawodowe i nadal kształtowały je w ciągu dwóch kolejnych lat. W okresie od marca do listopada 2021 r. w 36 krajach przeprowadzono ponad 70 000 wywiadów w ramach europejskiego telefonicznego badania warunków pracy (EWCTS), wysokiej jakości badania opartego na prawdopodobieństwie. Celem było stworzenie szczegółowego obrazu życia zawodowego Europejczyków w tym wyjątkowym czasie.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the Food and drink sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound’s studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in the EU Member States.
This series reports on the new forms of employment emerging across Europe that are driven by societal, economic and technological developments and are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. This series explores what characterises these new employment forms and what implications they have for working conditions and the labour market.
The European Company Survey (ECS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2004–2005, with the latest edition in 2019. The survey is designed to provide information on workplace practices to develop and evaluate socioeconomic policy in the EU. It covers issues around work organisation, working time arrangements and work–life balance, flexibility, workplace innovation, employee involvement, human resource management, social dialogue, and most recently also skills use, skills strategies and digitalisation.
The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2003, with the latest edition in 2016. It examines both the objective circumstances of people's lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. It covers issues around employment, income, education, housing, family, health and work–life balance. It also looks at subjective topics, such as people's levels of happiness and life satisfaction, and perceptions of the quality of society.
This series brings together publications and other outputs of the European Jobs Monitor (EJM), which tracks structural change in European labour markets. The EJM analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives a qualitative assessment of these shifts using various proxies of job quality – wages, skill-levels, etc.
Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. This series consists of outputs from the EQLS 2016, the fourth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2003.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2015, the sixth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 1996, the second edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2001, which was an extension of the EWCS 2000 to cover the then 12 acceding and candidate countries. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2000, the third edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the first edition of the survey carried out in 2004–2005 under the name European Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of this Eurofound’s study on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the woodworking sector in the EU Member States.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of this Eurofound’s study on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the construction sector in the EU Member States.
Digitisation and automation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving, and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. While the implications of digital technologies on ethics and working conditions should be explored as they emerge, it is also important to anticipate any unintended effects that raise new ethical challenges. Drawing on different research methods and building on previous research, this report examines the effects of digital technologies on fundamental rights, ethical principles and working conditions.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in European sectoral social dialogue taking place at cross-sectoral level. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of this Eurofound’s study on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations at cross-sectoral level in the EU Member States.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of this Eurofound’s study on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the furniture sector in the EU Member States.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of this Eurofound’s study on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the extractive industries sector in the EU Member States.
This report maps and analyses key dimensions and indicators of industrial relations in the EU. It expands on the four key indicators identified in Eurofound’s 2016 study: industry democracy, industrial competitiveness, job and employment equality, and social justice. With a key focus on industrial democracy, the report provides an in-depth analysis of divergence and convergence patterns across countries. The analysis also includes the development of a composite indicator and an integrated indicator for all four industrial relations dimensions.
The interaction between workers and machines has increased due to the rapid advancement of automation technologies. The new wave of robots can perform tasks with more flexibility, greater sophistication and in a way that protects workers’ physical safety. Drawing on case studies of advanced robotics, this report explores the benefits and risks that come with closer human–machine interaction, the organisational practices needed to deal with emerging issues and the real concerns and challenges.
The report describes trends in social and economic discontent across the EU between 2002 and 2020, highlighting in particular the turbulent times brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The report explores the evolution of social cohesion and its impact on economic and social discontent. It assesses the relationship between social cohesion and discontent during the pandemic, allowing for a comparison of the situation as it stands in 2023. The focus of the report is on regions where social cohesion is low, where a contrast is drawn with regions where social cohesion is much higher.
This report analyses the working conditions and job quality of different types of self-employed workers. Drawing on data from the European Working Conditions Survey, it looks into policies in Member States aimed at addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with specific types of self-employment.
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