Quality of life

Rumo ao futuro da Europa: fatores sociais que moldam o otimismo e o pessimismo dos cidadãos

Report
Published
16 September 2021
pdf
Formats and languages
Executive summary in 22 languages
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Autor(es): 
Bericat, Eduardo

Principais conclusões

  • As Europe emerges from the pandemic, it will be crucial for policymakers to understand the drivers of optimism and pessimism in order to address the challenges arising from potentially growing disillusionment. Evidence shows that high levels of pessimism can undermine social cohesion and the legitimacy of the established political system.
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  • As Europe emerges from the pandemic, it will be crucial for policymakers to understand the drivers of optimism and pessimism in order to address the challenges arising from potentially growing disillusionment. Evidence shows that high levels of pessimism can undermine social cohesion and the legitimacy of the established political system.
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  • Age appears to have the greatest net effect on social optimism: young people were found to have the happiest outlook, in middle age there was a dip in positivity, then optimism increased again among older people.
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  • Trust in institutions and GDP growth rates were found to be key country-level drivers of optimism. Evidence highlights that facilitating access to high-quality public services can help to (re)build trust in institutions.
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  • Citizens who feel their voice counts are not only more optimistic about their own future but also about the society in which they live. Initiatives that involve citizens in the debate about the recovery process, such as the Conference on the Future of Europe, will be critical going forward.
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  • Findings point to the important role a person’s place in the labour market and their financial situation plays in their perception about the future. As emphasised by EU leaders in the 2021 Porto Declaration, a shift in policy focus from protecting jobs to creating new opportunities will be required to improve the EU’s employment situation.
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Resumo

A incerteza quanto ao futuro tem vindo a aumentar na maioria dos países da UE há mais de dez anos. Muitas pessoas acreditam que a sociedade está em declínio, o que deu origem a um sentimento geral de pessimismo. Existe uma ligação entre o aumento da popularidade dos partidos antissistema e o cresRead more

A incerteza quanto ao futuro tem vindo a aumentar na maioria dos países da UE há mais de dez anos. Muitas pessoas acreditam que a sociedade está em declínio, o que deu origem a um sentimento geral de pessimismo. Existe uma ligação entre o aumento da popularidade dos partidos antissistema e o crescente pessimismo? Estes sentimentos negativos poderão afetar negativamente o clima político dentro dos Estados-Membros, bem como comprometer a legitimidade do projeto europeu. O presente relatório identifica os principais fatores determinantes das perceções das pessoas sobre o futuro e aborda a questão de saber se os otimistas e os pessimistas diferem quanto às suas características socioeconómicas, culturais e políticas. A fim de determinar a extensão destas diferenças de comportamento e perceção, o relatório estuda os perfis socioeconómicos e sociopolíticos dos otimistas e dos pessmistas. Por último, analisa de que modo o nível de otimismo difere entre os Estados-Membros em função do contexto nacional. As análises utilizam dados anteriores à pandemia da COVID-19 e os resultados demonstram a importância de acompanhar a evolução do sentimento das pessoas sobre o futuro durante a recuperação da crise.

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Formats and languages

  • Relatório

    Número de páginas: 
    70
    N.º de referência: 
    EF21004
    ISBN: 
    978-92-897-2203-2
    N.º do catálogo: 
    TJ-03-21-369-EN-N
    DOI: 
    10.2806/458259
    Permalink: 
    eurofound.link/ef21004
    Catalogue info

    Rumo ao futuro da Europa: fatores sociais que moldam o otimismo e o pessimismo dos cidadãos

    Autor(es): 
    Bericat, Eduardo
    Topics: 
    Living and working in Europe; Quality of society; Subjective well-being; Trust; European Pillar of Social Rights; Living conditions; Condições e qualidade de vida; Inequality

    Formatos

    Cite esta publicação: 

    Eurofound (2021), Towards the future of Europe: Social factors shaping optimism and pessimism among citizens, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.

  • Executive summary

    N.º de referência: 
    EF21004EN1
    Catalogue info

    Rumo ao futuro da Europa: fatores sociais que moldam o otimismo e o pessimismo dos cidadãos

    Autor(es): 
    Eurofound

    Disponível para descarregamento em 22 línguas

    Descarregar

  • Tables and graphs

    The report contains the following lists of tables and figures.

    List of tables

    • Table 1: Social Optimism Index – Six questions
    • Table 2: Assessment of the impact of the economic crisis on the job market by social optimism level, EU27, 2019 (%)
    • Table 3: Key drivers of social optimism and pessimism
    • Table 4: Perceptions relating to the economic crisis by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 5: Views on the future living conditions of children and young people by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 6: Political efficacy by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 7: Voting behaviour by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 8: Assessment of the political system by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 9: Perceptions of the EU by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 10: Prospects for future generations in the EU by self-reported social class, EU27 (%)
    • Table 11: Subjective social mobility and optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 12: Perceptions of social inequality by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 13: Views on potential political actions to tackle inequality by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 14: Personal and societal sense of fairness, EU27 (%)
    • Table 15: Personal and societal sense of fairness by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Table 16: Social optimism: country-level domains and factors
    • Table 17: Personal and societal expectations: level of optimism in the EU27 (%)

    List of figures

    • Figure 1: Social optimism: emotional dimension, EU27, 2019 (%)
    • Figure 2: Social optimism: evaluative dimension, EU27, 2019 (%)
    • Figure 3: Social optimism: cognitive dimension, EU27, 2019 (%)
    • Figure 4: Social Optimism Index scores by response category
    • Figure 5: Expectations about a return to growth following the economic crisis by level of social optimism, EU27, 2017 (%)
    • Figure 6: Perceptions about change in quality of life by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Figure 7: Opinion about prospects for future generations by EU Member State (%)
    • Figure 8: Likelihood of voting in the next European Parliament election by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Figure 9: Image of the EU by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Figure 10: European identity by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Figure 11: Social optimism by self-reported social status, EU27 (%)
    • Figure 12: Views about state intervention by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Figure 13: Belief in functioning meritocracy by level of social optimism, EU27 (%)
    • Figure 14: Social Optimism Index scores (mean) by EU Member State
    • Figure 15: Proportion of optimists and pessimists by EU Member State (%)
    • Figure 16: Pessimism gap: personal and societal pessimism by EU Member State (%)

A investigação realizada antes da saída do Reino Unido da União Europeia, em 31 de janeiro de 2020, e posteriormente publicada, pode incluir dados relativos aos 28 Estados-Membros da UE. Após esta data, a investigação apenas tem em conta os 27 Estados-Membros da UE (UE28 menos o Reino Unido), salvo especificação em contrário.

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