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Diálogo social

O diálogo social inclui as negociações, consultas, ações conjuntas, discussões e intercâmbio de informações entre empregadores e trabalhadores. Um diálogo social eficaz, envolvendo uma série de atores a vários níveis, é um elemento-chave para moldar as condições de trabalho. Permite conciliar os interesses de trabalhadores e empregadores e contribui tanto para a competitividade económica como para a coesão social.

Os recentes debates políticos ao nível da UE sublinharam que, sobretudo desde a crise de 2008, o surgimento de novos debates sobre justiça social, democracia, qualidade do trabalho e novos modelos de relações de trabalho tem vindo a pôr em causa as tradicionais relações laborais e os tradicionais sistemas de diálogo social.

Trinta anos após a histórica inauguração do diálogo social europeu em Val Duchesse, Bruxelas, a Comissão instituiu um novo começo para o diálogo social num evento de alto nível que reuniu, em 5 de março de 2015, organizações de parceiros sociais oriundas de toda a Europa. O diálogo social europeu é um instrumento da política social da UE que contribui diretamente para moldar a legislação e as políticas laborais da UE.

Topic

Recent updates

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From January to June 2022, Eurofound supported the work of France's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page
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From July to December 2023, Eurofound supported the work of Spain's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Trabalho da Eurofound

Os decisores políticos necessitam de factos concretos para compreenderem as alterações que ocorrem no mercado de trabalho e para responderem à dinâmica das mudanças das relações laborais na Europa. A Eurofound utiliza dados e análises recolhidos a partir da sua rede de correspondentes dos 28 Estados-Membros e da Noruega para definir tendências e padrões e identificar exemplos de processos eficazes de diálogo social a nível europeu e nacional.

O seu trabalho de investigação incide sobre aspetos como a participação dos trabalhadores, a negociação coletiva, a representatividade dos trabalhadores e as relações laborais a todos os níveis. Examina até que ponto as relações laborais se adaptaram ao surgimento das organizações multinacionais. A comparação entre sistemas assenta, além disso, numa perspetiva global, tomando em consideração as relações laborais e os resultados económicos fora da UE (por exemplo, dos EUA e do Japão).

Principais contributos

Ao longo de 40 anos, a Eurofound tem vindo a desenvolver um extenso trabalho que retratou as muitas e mutáveis facetas do diálogo social que ocorre na Europa a vários níveis: empresarial, nacional, europeu e internacional.

Nos últimos anos, a Eurofound analisou profundamente várias questões que se encontram no cerne do diálogo social, entre as quais: 

Os estudos de representatividade da Eurofound, transversais a vários setores e conformes com o mandato que lhe foi conferido pela Comissão Europeia em 2006, fornecem as informações básicas necessárias para a definição e funcionamento dos comités de diálogo social setorial europeu.

Recursos

Desenvolvido em 2005 como uma ferramenta de referência em linha destinada a decisores políticos e profissionais, o Dicionário Europeu de Relações Laborais é um valioso depósito de informações sobre emprego e relações laborais na UE. Os perfis por país relativos à vida profissional fornecem informação contextualizada sobre estruturas, instituições e regulamentos relacionados com a vida ativa nos 28 Estados-Membros e na Noruega e ao nível da UE.

As bases de dados sobre negociação salarial coletiva e salários, tempo de trabalho e conflitos coletivos têm como objetivo proporcionar aos investigadores e decisores políticos informações quantitativas e qualitativas sobre estes tópicos em todos os Estados-Membros e na Noruega desde 2000 até ao presente.

Key outputs

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Nos últimos anos, para além de alguns picos intermitentes, tem havido uma diminuição geral das ações coletivas em todos os Estados-Membros da UE. Durante a pandemia de COVID-19, esta tendência...

7 Fevereiro 2022
Publication
Research report
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This publication consists of individual country reports on working life during 2020 for 29 countries – the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the United Kingdom. The country reports summarise...

23 Março 2021
Publication
Other
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No âmbito do seu mandato para promover o diálogo entre parceiros sociais, a Eurofound acompanha e analisa a evolução dos sistemas de relações laborais a nível da UE e nos...

11 Dezembro 2020
Publication
Flagship report

Current and ongoing research

 

In the course of the programming period 2021–2024, Eurofound will continue regular monitoring of social dialogue, including through the EU PolicyWatch database.

Other topics addressed include:

  • Monitoring of the role of national social partners in the European semester and analysis of quality and effectiveness of their involvement 
  • Summary of discussions on capacity-building social dialogue to support a meaningful and effective social dialogue 
  • Research on industrial relations covering topics related to both social dialogue and working life developments, including updates on collectively agreed pay
  • Representativeness studies on a variety of sectors to provide the European Commission required information to assess the representativeness of European sectoral social partner organisations.

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (251)

Three years after the adoption of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF), this report reviews the quality of the social partners’ involvement in 2023 in the ongoing implementation of reforms and investments funded by that initiative. It also examines the quality of their involvement in the prepa

26 February 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the furniture sector.

08 December 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the woodworking sector.

21 November 2023

This study provides information to allow for an assessment of the representativeness of the national and supranational social partners at cross-industry level in the EU.

09 November 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the professional football sector.

26 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

In 2022, the European Semester process was updated to take into account the launch of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in February 2021. Over the past year, Member States have implemented national recovery and resilience plans (RRPs) in a context of huge geopolitical and economic upheaval

29 March 2023

This paper provides an overview of the involvement of the social partners in policymaking and social dialogue in recent years, primarily at national peak level. It will focus on the evolution of social dialogue over the past decade and a half in terms of its response to external shocks, focusing on

20 March 2023

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the civil aviation sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

20 December 2022

Online resources results (435)

Patterns and trends in social partner involvement in times of crises. 20-21 March 2023, EMCO meeting hosted by the Swedish Presidency, Stockholm. Presentation by Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras, Research Manager, Eurofound.

23 Março 2023
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Mixed impacts of COVID-19 on social dialogue and collective bargaining in 2020

​​​​​​​A first analysis of developments in working life in 2020 shows that the COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on social dialogue and collective bargaining in the EU, Norway and the UK, albeit to varying degrees. While in some countries, standard procedures were by and large maintained

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Changing priorities: The impact of COVID-19 on national policy agendas

A first analysis of working life policies and developments in 2020 shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has in some cases speeded up and in other cases slowed down several policy developments in the EU, Norway and the UK, albeit to varying degrees, and dependent on national contexts. Increased

EU level: Latest developments in working life Q2 2020

Activities of the European Commission and social partners regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, the high-level hearing on implementing the European Pillar of Social Rights and a fair EU minimum wage initiative are the main topics of interest in this article. This EU update reports on the latest

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EU seeks views on the minimum wage

Against a background of growing polarisation, it is worth remembering the model of social dialogue that allows us each year to debate and reach thousands of agreements that start from different and distant positions and interests.

Latvia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

A new agreement on overtime pay, a warning about the power balance between employers and employees, an increase in wages and a workforce deficit are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Latvia in the second quarter of

Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q4 2017

New employment strategies to address labour shortages, the post-election political shift in the Chamber of Deputies and an award-winning documentary on working conditions are the main points of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the

Lithuania: Trilateral agreement promoting social dialogue signed

An agreement on reforms crucial to Lithuania’s economic growth was signed on 16 October after almost a year of discussions. The agreement, signed by Prime Minister Saulius Skvernelis and representatives of the social partners, identifies long-term objectives such as improving efficiency in the

EU-level: Latest working life developments – Q3 2017

Launch of the second phase consultation of social partners of the Written Statement Directive, social partners’ positions regarding aspects of the European Pillar of Social Rights​ , and President Juncker's State of the Union address are the main topics of interest in this article. This country


Blogs results (6)

The COVID-19 pandemic made us acutely aware of how dependent our society is on certain essential workers. We felt deep gratitude towards workers in healthcare especially, because they worked ceaselessly in often-difficult conditions.

22 Novembro 2023
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junho 2021
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In the context of the ongoing trend of a fall in collective bargaining coverage, and recent calls at EU level to promote collective bargaining coverage as an instrument to support fair and decent wages, new data from Eurofound’s fourth European Company Survey (ECS) show that two-thirds of workers

28 Outubro 2020
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The workings of industrial relations are constantly evolving. In this blog piece, Eurofound authors Christian Welz and Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras discuss a tool that Eurofound has developed to enable this process of change to be monitored and analysed, enabling stakeholders in Member States to

28 Março 2018
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Europe has gone through significant economic change over the past decade. Businesses have had to manage the challenges posed by the financial crisis, globalisation and a rapidly changing labour market. Eurofound's new report Win-win arrangements: Innovative measures through social dialogue at

3 Outubro 2016
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The new European Commission (EC) under President Jean-Claude Juncker is committed to re-launching social dialogue and a first step was taken with the organisation of a high-level conference in Brussels on 5 March. The aim of the conference was to discuss concrete ways to strengthen social dialogue

20 Abril 2015
Upcoming publications results (7)

This report reviews the quality of the national social partners’ involvement in the implementation of the reforms and investments shaping the digital and green transition in the context of national policymaking. These reforms and investments stem mainly from the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

March 2025

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the extractive industries sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective par

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the construction sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participatio

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the chemical sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the road transport sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participat

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the postal and courier activities sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effec

November 2024

This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the graphical industry. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation

November 2024

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