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Inclusive labour markets

Well-functioning labour markets are a prerequisite for making full use of the job creation potential of the economy as it emerges from the financial and economic crisis. The crisis had very different labour market consequences across the EU Member States, and some groups such as young people and those with low education were particularly hard hit. The rapid ongoing structural change also presents new challenges as regards possible labour shortages and skills mismatches in various sectors and regions.

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    Ca răspuns la războiul purtat de Rusia împotriva Ucrainei, UE a activat Directiva privind protecția temporară (DPT) pentru persoanele care au fugit din țară, permițându-le să se stabilească în UE...

    14 Iunie 2023
    Publication
    Eurofound research paper

    Eurofound research

    Eurofound’s research aims to deepen understanding of the dynamics of labour markets across Europe, while informing policy to improve their functioning. Given the persistently high unemployment levels in some Member States, policies to support the reintegration of unemployed people into the labour market and those geared towards specific groups – young people, migrants, women or older unemployed – are of particular interest. Eurofound has produced a large body of work in this area, focusing in recent years on youth issues, gender and work, new forms of employment, mobility and migration, as well as wages.

    Youth employment and entrepreneurship

    Eurofound has explored the employment and social challenges faced by young people. Studies have examined issues around social inclusion and the need to take account of the diversity of vulnerable young people when developing policies to support them. It has also looked at youth entrepreneurship and the types of measures that have been effective in supporting it.

    Gender and the labour market

    Another research strand has highlighted the economic and social costs of the gender employment gap and assessed the effectiveness of policy measures promoting the labour market participation of women.

    New forms of employment

    An ongoing research strand examines new forms of employment that are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment and looks at their implications for working conditions and labour markets. Initial research into the typology was followed up with in-depth reviews of specific new forms of employment such as strategic employee sharing and ICT-based mobile work.

    Migration and mobility of labour

    Research on mobility has provided an up-to-date picture on the movement of labour within Europe and the effect of economic crises on migration

    Labour market transitions

    Eurofound has also conducted in-depth analyses of various issues related to labour market transitions, including job tenure, temporary employment and transitions of young people from education into employment.

    Key outputs

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    Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and...

    27 Noiembrie 2019
    Publication
    Policy brief

    EU context

    The EU’s main tool for promoting employment and social inclusion is the European Social Fund – helping people to get a job, integrating disadvantaged people into society and ensuring fairer life opportunities for all. There is also wide-ranging European legislation that regulates the rights of workers in the labour market. Moreover, in April 2017, the European Commission launched the European Pillar of Social Rights. The Pillar builds on, and complements, EU social and employment policy in order to guide policies in a number of fields essential for well-functioning and fair labour markets and welfare systems.

     

    Eurofound’s work on well-functioning and inclusive labour markets links in with the Commission’s 2019–2024 priority on promoting our European way of life. 

    Eurofound expert(s)

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    Carlos Vacas Soriano is a senior research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job...

    Senior research manager,
    Employment research unit
    Publications results (37)

    This report investigates the social groups whose attachment to the labour market may be unstable and who are most likely to have non-standard working arrangements, and the implications of such arrangements, and job insecurity, for workers’ well-being, social exclusion, trust, perception of fairness

    29 August 2023

    Ca răspuns la războiul purtat de Rusia împotriva Ucrainei, UE a activat Directiva privind protecția temporară (DPT) pentru persoanele care au fugit din țară, permițându-le să se stabilească în UE și să aibă acces la serviciile publice de bază și la piața muncii. Până în primăvara anului 2023, peste

    14 June 2023

    Closing gender gaps in the labour market by achieving the equal participation of women is among the key objectives of the new Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025. Despite significant progress in reducing the gender employment gap, it has stagnated over the past few years. Moreover, segregation in

    09 December 2020

    What have been the major trends and policy developments regarding the flexibilisation of employment in recent years? Eurofound’s work programme for 2017–2020 set out to document and capture these changes in the world of work. This flagship publication provides an overview of developments in Europe

    16 April 2020

    Gender inequality at work persists across Europe, despite the long standing attention paid and efforts made to tackle it. This Eurofound report presents a closer look at women’s and men’s working conditions, using data from Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) and complementing

    03 March 2020

    This report sets out to describe what labour market segmentation is and why it is problematic for the labour market and society, as well as disadvantaged groups. It takes a broad view of the term to examine the situation that arises when the divergence in working conditions between different groups

    02 December 2019

    Employment statistics consistently show that having a foreign background has an influence on people’s employment prospects. Less is known about the types of jobs workers with foreign backgrounds hold and their working conditions. This policy brief contributes to filling this gap.

    27 November 2019

    Upward convergence is a process whereby the performance of EU Member States in a given domain or range of domains is seen to improve while gaps between Member States reduce. Achieving upward convergence is of crucial importance to the EU, as the increase of disparities among Member States threatens

    25 September 2019

    A living wage has been defined as a measure of income that allows an employee a basic but socially acceptable standard of living. In recent decades, living wage initiatives have emerged in a small number of mainly English-speaking countries, including the UK and Ireland. These initiatives have

    30 November 2018

    Employment policies tend to focus on unemployed people, but evidence indicates that many people who are economically inactive also have labour market potential. This report examines groups within the inactive population that find it difficult to enter or re-enter the labour market and explores the

    31 October 2017

    Online resources results (4)

    Slovakia: latest working life developments Q2 2018

    An increase in wage supplements, easier access for people from countries outside the EU to join the Slovak labour market and new legislation for social enterprises are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Slovakia in

    Czech Republic: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

    Continued growth in the Czech economy, staff shortages in the social services sector, the tightening of agency employment rules and legislative measures to regulate Uber are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in the Cze

    Finland: HR managers regard diversity as strength for workplaces

    The Diversity Barometer 2016, a survey-based study by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, explores the perceptions and attitudes of human resources professionals to diversity in Finnish workplaces. It finds that the key aspects of diversity are age and age-related issues, language and

    Italy: New solidarity contracts boost inter-generational staff turnover

    The aim of the 2016 Stability Law is to create stable permanent work for younger, less experienced workers while ensuring that the skills and experience of the older generation are not lost, and that shorter working hours or reduced social contributions do not erode entitlement to welfare benefits

    Blogs results (13)
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    An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

    2 Decembrie 2020
    Image of woman teleworking

    COVID-19 unleashed the pent-up potential for telework. Over a third of respondents to Eurofound’s online survey of Europeans in April had started teleworking because of the pandemic. Never before had so many people been working from home. For people with disabilities, telework has long been viewed a

    17 August 2020
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    Although EU law guarantees equal treatment for all among its founding principles, discrimination in the EU is not a thing of the past. Across Europe, 2% of workers report experiencing discrimination at work linked to each of the following: race, ethnic background, colour and nationality.

    25 Iunie 2020
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    Much of the discussion on the future of work is focused on globalisation and technology, and their impacts on the labour market. However, there is also a growing interest in the business models used by cooperatives and social enterprises, and how they can contribute to a better future of work. Eurof

    15 Noiembrie 2019
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    Imagine you’re at work and something happens: you have to leave to visit a client, you have to go home to let in the plumber, or you have to collect the kids from school as the football training has just been cancelled. If you’re lucky, your employer gives you the flexibility to do this. If you’re e

    14 Mai 2019
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    In this blog, originally posted in Social Europe, Massimiliano Mascherini looks at the enduring issue of long-term unemployment among young people. Despite considerable improvement in the labour market participation of youth in recent years, the legacy of the crisis is still visible in the substanti

    17 Aprilie 2018
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    The integration of migrants from outside the EU into society is one of the key challenges that the Union must address to maintain social cohesion and equality. This blog piece looks at how well migrants and their descendants have integrated into the labour markets of EU Member States.

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    The Great Recession had lasting effects on European labour markets, both in terms of employment levels and structure. Not only did employment rates drop significantly – taking years to return to pre-crisis levels, with some countries not fully recovered yet – but the crisis also accelerated structur

    3 August 2017
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    The refugee crisis has posed significant challenges for Europe – we have not seen such a large-scale migration of people since the Second World War. The exodus from war-torn regions initially posed a humanitarian challenge for frontline countries such as Greece and Italy. However, the longer term ch

    20 Iunie 2017
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    EU-wide income inequality declined notably prior to 2008, driven by a strong process of income convergence between European countries. The Great Recession broke this trend. After 2008, income convergence has been sluggish, while inequality within many countries has increased significantly.

    21 Martie 2017

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