The International Labour Organization (ILO) was created in 1919, as part of the Treaty of Versailles that ended World War I, to reflect the belief that universal and lasting peace can be accomplished only if it is based on social justice.
The ILO Constitution was prepared by a Labour Commission chaired by Samuel Gompers, head of the American Federation of Labour (AFL), and composed of representatives from Belgium, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, France, Italy, Japan, Poland, the United Kingdom and the United States. As a result of its work, the ILO was established in Geneva as a tripartite organisation tasked with promoting social dialogue with representatives of social partners and governments in the framework of its executive bodies.
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Showing 1-10 of 387 results for ...93887
19 September 2018
IR Dictionary
52050
19 September 2018
IR Dictionary
Collective agreements are a mechanism for implementing EU Directives in the field of employment and industrial relations. Article 288 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) stipulates: ‘A Directive shall be binding, as to the result to be achieved, upon each Member State to which it is addressed, but shall leave to the national authorities the choice of form and methods.’ This essentially means that Member States can, if they wish, choose to implement Directives by means of collective agreements. The role of collective agreements in implementing Directives is established in EC law by Article 153(3) TFEU, which states that a Member State may entrust management and labour, at their joint request, with the implementation of Directives adopted pursuant to paragraph 2.
93888
18 September 2018
IR Dictionary
In September 2017, European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker announced the creation of a European Labour Authority (ELA) in his State of the European Union address to the European Parliament. The aim of the new agency is to ensure that ‘all EU rules on labour mobility are enforced in a fair, simple and effective way by a new European inspection and enforcement body’.
52152
18 September 2018
IR Dictionary
Access to information in the process of decision-making is an important right of employee representatives. EC law stipulates that employees must be informed and consulted in specific circumstances, such as collective redundancy ( Directive 98/59/EC ) or transfer of an undertaking ( Directive 2001/23/EC ), or over issues such as health and safety .
52185
18 September 2018
IR Dictionary
Outsourcing (or contracting out) may be defined as the delegation of non-core operations or jobs from internal production to an external entity (such as a subcontractor) that specialises in that operation. Outsourcing can be used for a variety of reasons: to save money, improve quality, or free up company resources for other activities.
Outsourcing should be distinguished from offshoring. While offshoring describes the relocation of production processes or services from one country to another, outsourcing is the movement of internal business processes to an external company. Outsourcing occurs when some economic activity ceases to be performed within the company and is instead purchased from another company. The key issue is whether the company obtains intermediary goods or services through hierarchical control within a single organisation or through the market.
52233
18 September 2018
IR Dictionary
Decent work is a term originally coined by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in a report published in June 1999, when it described the goal of decent work as ‘not just the creation of jobs, but also the creation of jobs of acceptable quality’. It made it clear that the level of employment (quantity) cannot be divorced from its quality. The ILO report recognised that all societies had a notion of decent work, but that the quality of employment could mean many things. It could relate to different forms of work, and also to different conditions of work, as well as to feelings of value and satisfaction.
78974
29 June 2018
IR Dictionary
Crowd employment is a new form of employment, defined in a 2015 Eurofound report on New forms of Employment as employment that ‘uses an online platform to enable organisations or individuals to access an indefinite and unknown group of other organisations or individuals to solve specific problems or to provide specific services or products in exchange for payment’. Crowd employment is also known as crowd sourcing or crowd work, and aims to organise the outsourcing of tasks to a large pool of online workers rather than to a single employee. Technology is essential in this new employment form, as the matching of client and worker, as well as task execution and submission, is mostly carried out online. This form of employment is based on individual tasks or projects, rather than on a continuous relationship.
52322
29 June 2018
IR Dictionary
Definition
A posted worker is defined as ‘a person who, for a limited period of time, carries out his or her work in the territory of an EU Member State other than the state in which he or she normally works’ (Council Directive 96/71/EC).
Directive 96/71 only takes employees into consideration. Different regulations apply to individuals moving across European countries who do not meet the Directive’s criteria for posted workers, such as migrant workers, sailors in the merchant navy and the self-employed.
94271
29 June 2018
IR Dictionary
Platform work is an employment form in which organisations or individuals use an online platform to access other organisations or individuals to solve specific problems or to provide specific services in exchange for payment. Previously, Eurofound used the term ‘crowd employment’ to capture the click-work originally associated the concept, but the phenomenon has changed and now encompasses many more types of tasks. Accordingly, Eurofound has adopted the term ‘platform work’ in its 2018 publication Employment and working conditions of selected types of platform work. The main features of platform work are:
92380
20 June 2018
IR Dictionary
A services passport, or e-card, is a document, proposed by the European Commission, to enable service providers to convey information through a single European workflow, in order to provide services across borders in the European Union. The passport aims to enhance cooperation between the home and host Member States in supporting service providers working on a cross-border basis. Under this arrangement, if the company requests it, the authorities of the home Member State will issue a services passport to help a company demonstrate that it can satisfy the requirements in the Member State where it wishes to provide the service. The host Member State will remain responsible for defining these requirements, as long as they comply with the relevant provisions of EU law.
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Eurofound is an agency of the European Union