
Nárast telepráce: vplyv na pracovné podmienky a predpisy
Formáty
Eurofound (2022), The rise in telework: Impact on working conditions and regulations, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
Tripartitná agentúra EÚ, ktorá poskytuje znalosti na pomoc pri rozvoji lepšej sociálnej a pracovnej politiky
Tripartitná agentúra EÚ, ktorá poskytuje znalosti na pomoc pri rozvoji lepšej sociálnej a pracovnej politiky
Táto správa predstavuje výskum nadácie Eurofound týkajúci sa telepráce počas pandémie COVID-19 v rokoch 2020 a 2021. Skúmajú sa v ňom zmeny vo výskyte telepráce, v pracovných podmienkach zamestnancov pracujúcich z domu a zmeny predpisov, ktorými sa riešia otázky súvisiace s týmito pracovnými podmRead more
Táto správa predstavuje výskum nadácie Eurofound týkajúci sa telepráce počas pandémie COVID-19 v rokoch 2020 a 2021. Skúmajú sa v ňom zmeny vo výskyte telepráce, v pracovných podmienkach zamestnancov pracujúcich z domu a zmeny predpisov, ktorými sa riešia otázky súvisiace s týmito pracovnými podmienkami. Zo zistení vyplýva rapídne zvýšenie telepráce v dôsledku pandémie: v roku 2021 vykonávali teleprácu 2 z 10 európskych zamestnancov, čo je údaj, ktorý by sa s najväčšou pravdepodobnosťou nedosiahol pred rokom 2027, keby k pandémii nedošlo. Zdravotná kríza uvoľnila sociálny a technologický potenciál pre flexibilnejšie zadelenie pracovného času a voľbu miesta výkonu práce. Vplyvy telepráce na pracovné podmienky sa spočiatku ťažko určovali, pretože bolo ťažké ich oddeliť od faktorov spôsobených pandémiou, ako sú obmedzenia pohybu a zatváranie škôl. Pozitívne vplyvy, ako je príspevok telepráce k zlepšeniu rovnováhy medzi pracovným a súkromným životom, ako aj negatívne vplyvy, ako je znížená sociálna interakcia a nárast odpracovaných nadčasov, sa však stali zreteľnejšími. Nárast telepráce a zvýšenie informovanosti o jej vplyvoch na pracovné podmienky viedli k opätovnému zameraniu sa na regulačné rámce, pričom vo viacerých členských štátoch EÚ sa prijali nové predpisy týkajúce sa telepráce.
Read lessEurofound (2022), The rise in telework: Impact on working conditions and regulations, Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg.
The report contains the following lists of tables and figures.
Table 1: Frequency working with ICT from home and statistical sources
Table 2: Share of teleworkable employment, 2020, EU27 (%)
Table 3: Telework categories based on the EWCTS 2021
Table 4: Share of employees with a poor work–life balance, by telework arrangement, gender and whether or not they have children, EU27 (%)
Table 5: Telework regulation clusters
Table 6: Changes in national regulations of telework
Table 7: Main topics addressed in telework legislative reforms
Table 8: Overview of national-level (cross-industry) collective agreements on telework
Figure 1: Share of employees working from home, 2008–2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 2: Simple projections of the share of employees working from home in a non-pandemic scenario, 2012–2035, EU27 (%)
Figure 3: Share of employees working from home, 2019–2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 4: Employees working from home by sex, 2021 (%) and 2019–2021 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 5: Employees working from home by sex and country, 2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 6: Employees working from home by age, 2021 (%) and 2019–2021 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 7: Employees working from home by size of business, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 8: Share of employees working from home by country, 2019–2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 9: Share of employees working from home by settlement type, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 10: Share of employees working from home by level of education, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 11: Employees working from home by occupation, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 12: Employees working from home by sector, 2020 (%) and 2019–2020 (percentage point change), EU27
Figure 13: Share of employees in teleworkable employment by sex and country, 2020, EU27 (%)
Figure 14: Average wage levels by degree of teleworkability and sex, 2018 (average wage levels in 2018 are equal to 100), EU27
Figure 15: Absolute change (thousands) in employment levels by occupations’ degree of teleworkability and sex, 2018–2019 (a) and 2019–2020 (b), EU27
Figure 16: Share of full-time employees working long (weekly) hours by telework arrangement, 2021, EU27 (%)
Figure 17: Share of full-time employees working overtime, working during their free time and working more than 40 hours per week by telework arrangement (%)
Figure 18: Share of employees in telework arrangements (full-time and partial telework) working overtime compared with the national average of all workers, 2021 (%)
Figure 19: Share of teleworking employees with a poor work–life balance compared with the national average of all workers, EU27 (%)
Figure 20: Share of employees with a poor work–life balance by gender and telework arrangement, EU27 (%)
Figure 21: Share of employees feeling too tired after work to do some of the household jobs that need to be done by telework arrangement, EU27 (%)
Figure 22: Share of employees finding it difficult to concentrate on their job because of family responsibilities, EU27 (%)
Figure 23: Share of employees reporting headaches and eyestrain by telework arrangement, EU27 (%)
Figure 24: Share of teleworkers experiencing anxiety, compared with teleworkers and the national average of all workers, 2020–2021 (%)
Figure 25: Employees’ well-being score (out of 100) by telework arrangement, 2021, EU27
Figure 26: Regulatory sources of telework in the EU countries
Figure 27: Number of sectors covered by sectoral agreements with telework provisions by selected Member States, 2021
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Výskum, ktorý bol vykonaný pred vystúpením Spojeného kráľovstva z Európskej únie dňa 31. januára 2020, a následne uverejnený, môže obsahovať údaje týkajúce sa 28 členských štátov EÚ. Po tomto dátume sa vo výskume bude zohľadňovať len 27 členských štátov EÚ (EÚ 28 mínus Spojené kráľovstvo), ak sa neuvádza inak.
Eurofound’s work on COVID-19 examines the far-reaching socioeconomic implications of the pandemic across Europe as they continue to impact living and working conditions. A key element of the research is the e-survey, launched in April 2020, with five rounds completed at different stages during 2020, 2021 and 2022. This is complemented by the inclusion of research into the ongoing effects of the pandemic in much of Eurofound’s other areas of work.
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