V tem poročilu so predstavljene Eurofoundove raziskave o delu na daljavo med pandemijo covida-19 v letih 2020 in 2021. V njem so proučene spremembe razširjenosti dela na daljavo, delovnih pogojev zaposlenih, ki delajo od doma, in zakonodaje, ki obravnava vprašanja, povezana s tovrstno ureditvijo dela. Ugotovitve raziskave razkrivajo strm porast dela na daljavo zaradi pandemije: leta 2021 sta dva od desetih evropskih zaposlenih delala na daljavo, kar je številka, ki je najverjetneje ne bi dosegli pred letom 2027, če do pandemije ne bi prišlo.
Raziskava „Življenje, delo in covid-19“, ki jo je Eurofound prvič pričel izvajati v začetku leta 2020, naj bi dala vpogled v razsežnosti vpliva pandemije na delo in življenje državljanov EU. Peti krog raziskave Eurofounda, ki je bil izveden spomladi leta 2022, prav tako opozarja na pojavljanje novih negotovosti, ki so jih povzročile vojna v Ukrajini, rekordno visoka inflacija in strm porast življenjskih stroškov. Evropska fundacija za usposabljanje (ETF) je v desetih sosednjih državah Evropske unije pričela izvajati pilotno raziskavo s krajšim vprašalnikom.
Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor database reveals the impact of the energy crisis on employment in the EU. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, energy prices have hit record highs. The European Commission imposed sanctions and limitations on the import of oil and gas from Russia, which has reacted by reneging on supply commitments to many Member States. Compared to other countries, market disruption has been especially acute in the EU, given the bloc’s overdependence on Russian energy supply.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the electricity sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements.
V tem poročilu je analizirana vloga socialnega dialoga in kolektivnih pogajanj pri obravnavanju izzivov, s katerimi se je sektor civilnega letalstva spopadal med pandemijo covida-19. Vključenost socialnih partnerjev v ukrepe, uvedene za ublažitev negativnih posledic pandemije, se med posameznimi evropskimi državami razlikuje. Socialni dialog in kolektivna pogajanja so imeli pomembno vlogo v večini držav, medtem ko je bila ta vloga v nekaterih drugih bolj omejena. V poročilu so proučene tudi spremembe obstoječega socialnega dialoga in/ali postopkov kolektivnih pogajanj na nacionalni ravni.
V tem poročilu je proučena vloga socialnega dialoga in kolektivnih pogajanj pri obravnavanju izzivov, ki jih je povzročila ali zaostrila pandemija covida-19 v bolnišničnem sektorju. Poročilo prav tako išče odgovor na vprašanje, ali so bili obstoječi socialni dialog in postopki kolektivnih pogajanj na nacionalni ravni zadostno prilagojeni, da bi omogočili spoprijemanje s temi novimi izzivi. Raziskava je vključevala pregled literature za kontekstualizacijo strukturnih značilnosti bolnišničnega sektorja in analizo političnih pobud za obvladovanje krize, ki se izvajajo v EU-27 in na Norveškem.
To poročilo je pripravljeno v okviru triletnega pilotnega projekta (2021–2023) Vloga minimalne plače pri uvedbi univerzalnega jamstva za delo, ki ga je Evropska komisija poverila Eurofoundu. Poročilo se osredotoča na modul 3 projekta, v okviru katerega se raziskujejo minimalne plače in druge oblike plačila za samozaposlene.
Strogi ukrepi na področju javnega zdravja, ki so jih vlade leta 2020 uvedle za zajezitev pandemije covida-19, so nenadno spremenili naš način dela in nanj vplivali še v nadaljnjih dveh letih. Med marcem in novembrom 2021 je bilo v 36 državah opravljenih več kot 70 000 razgovorov v okviru evropske telefonske ankete o delovnih razmerah (EWCTS), ki je visokokakovostna raziskava reprezentativnega vzorca delavcev in podjetij. Njen cilj je bil pridobiti natančnejšo sliko o poklicnem življenju Evropejcev v tem izjemnem obdobju.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the Food and drink sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound’s studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in the EU Member States.
V poročilu je proučeno, kako se je med pandemijo covida-19 v letih 2020 in 2021 razvijalo zaupanje državljanov v institucije, vključno z nacionalnimi vladami, EU, znanostjo in mediji. Analizirana sta tudi vloga medijev, zlasti korelacija med uporabo družbenih medijev in ravnjo zaupanja, ter učinek napačnih informacij (nepravilnih ali zavajajočih informacij) in dezinformacij (namerno zavajajočih informacij) v obdobju krize.
This series reports on the new forms of employment emerging across Europe that are driven by societal, economic and technological developments and are different from traditional standard or non-standard employment in a number of ways. This series explores what characterises these new employment forms and what implications they have for working conditions and the labour market.
The European Company Survey (ECS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2004–2005, with the latest edition in 2019. The survey is designed to provide information on workplace practices to develop and evaluate socioeconomic policy in the EU. It covers issues around work organisation, working time arrangements and work–life balance, flexibility, workplace innovation, employee involvement, human resource management, social dialogue, and most recently also skills use, skills strategies and digitalisation.
The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) is carried out every four to five years since its inception in 2003, with the latest edition in 2016. It examines both the objective circumstances of people's lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. It covers issues around employment, income, education, housing, family, health and work–life balance. It also looks at subjective topics, such as people's levels of happiness and life satisfaction, and perceptions of the quality of society.
This series brings together publications and other outputs of the European Jobs Monitor (EJM), which tracks structural change in European labour markets. The EJM analyses shifts in the employment structure in the EU in terms of occupation and sector and gives a qualitative assessment of these shifts using various proxies of job quality – wages, skill-levels, etc.
Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. This series consists of outputs from the EQLS 2016, the fourth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2003.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2015, the sixth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 1996, the second edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2001, which was an extension of the EWCS 2000 to cover the then 12 acceding and candidate countries. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2000, the third edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the first edition of the survey carried out in 2004–2005 under the name European Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance.
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an extraordinary level of provision of social services across the EU. Healthcare and care providers carried much of the burden and, together with essential services, played a crucial role in getting citizens through the crisis. This report explores how public services adapted to the new reality and what role was played by the digital transformation of services. The aim is to contribute to the documentation and analysis of changes in funding, delivery and use of healthcare and social services during the pandemic.
Are the policies required to meet the commitments outlined under the EU’s plan for a green transition, the Fit-for-55 package, and the associated budgetary commitments – the Green New Deal – likely to lead to positive or negative employment outcomes by 2030? What types of jobs will be created or destroyed? Will shifts in employment be skewed towards the bottom, middle or top of the job–wage distribution? This report aims to provide answers to these questions, using macro-modelled estimates of the likely impacts of these policies on the structure of employment.
This report explores the potential socio-economic implications of the transition to a climate-neutral economy on different EU regions and groups of people. It adopts a foresight approach to envision potential actions that can be taken to shape the future. After consulting with stakeholders and experts, three scenarios were developed to consider emerging economic and social inequalities at EU and regional level. The report includes policy pointers which outline measures to be taken to achieve a just transition to a sustainable, climate-neutral economy where no one is left behind.
This report explores how environmental performance has converged – or diverged – among the EU Member States since the early 2000s. With environmental goals piling up at the EU level, is it reasonable to expect Member States to adhere to this emerging EU environmental aquis? And, just as importantly, can we expect Member States to reach these goals at the same time? This report attempts to provide answers to these and other questions high on the political agenda.
This report investigates the potential individual and societal impacts of labour market insecurity, focusing on workers with non-permanent contracts, part-time and self-employed workers, and workers who perceive their job as insecure. It explores the impact of labour market insecurities on health and well-being, social exclusion, trust in people and the perception of fairness, as well as trust in institutions. Policies aimed at reducing labour market instability following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic are also presented.
This report – published every two years – covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level in 2021 and 2022. It examines the average weekly working hours set by collective agreements, both across national economies and in five sectors: education, health, transport, retail and public administration.
This policy brief provides facts and figures on the working life and job quality of so-called ‘essential workers’ and is based on data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey (EWCTS) extraordinary edition 2021. It will define various subgroups of essential workers, describe the challenges they face and outline the type of responses provided, or being developed, to address those challenges.
This policy brief aims to contribute to the effective monitoring and evaluation of the European Child Guarantee. Progress at EU level is measured by a monitoring framework which monitors the key areas of the European Child Guarantee: early childhood education and care; education, including school-based activities and at least one healthy meal each school day; healthcare; healthy nutrition; and adequate housing. The policy brief explores trends and disparities in these areas using a convergence analysis, which tracks any disparities among EU Member States.
This report highlights the prevalence of psychosocial risks across countries, sectors and occupations during the later phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. It outlines the specific working conditions that can lead to work-related health problems. In particular, the report investigates the potential pitfalls related to the expansion of telework, the role of job and income insecurity as a psychosocial risk and the phenomenon of adverse social behaviour and discrimination at work. In addition, it offers policy pointers on tackling the increase in work absenteeism due to mental health problems.
The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence. Using data from Eurofound and Eurostat, this report will investigate the trends and drivers of the urban-rural divide, in various dimensions: economic and employment opportunities, access to services, living conditions and quality of life.
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