Europe faces a winter of uncertainty and potentially discontent. The cost of living is rising rapidly and the spectre of recession looms.
Economic concerns are affecting citizens’ trust in institutions. Research by Eurofound has indicated a decrease in trust in national institutions across the European Union – including in governments, healthcare systems and the police.
V tem poročilu so predstavljene Eurofoundove raziskave o delu na daljavo med pandemijo covida-19 v letih 2020 in 2021. V njem so proučene spremembe razširjenosti dela na daljavo, delovnih pogojev zaposlenih, ki delajo od doma, in zakonodaje, ki obravnava vprašanja, povezana s tovrstno ureditvijo dela. Ugotovitve raziskave razkrivajo strm porast dela na daljavo zaradi pandemije: leta 2021 sta dva od desetih evropskih zaposlenih delala na daljavo, kar je številka, ki je najverjetneje ne bi dosegli pred letom 2027, če do pandemije ne bi prišlo.
Raziskava „Življenje, delo in covid-19“, ki jo je Eurofound prvič pričel izvajati v začetku leta 2020, naj bi dala vpogled v razsežnosti vpliva pandemije na delo in življenje državljanov EU. Peti krog raziskave Eurofounda, ki je bil izveden spomladi leta 2022, prav tako opozarja na pojavljanje novih negotovosti, ki so jih povzročile vojna v Ukrajini, rekordno visoka inflacija in strm porast življenjskih stroškov. Evropska fundacija za usposabljanje (ETF) je v desetih sosednjih državah Evropske unije pričela izvajati pilotno raziskavo s krajšim vprašalnikom.
Eurofound’s European Restructuring Monitor database reveals the impact of the energy crisis on employment in the EU. Following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, energy prices have hit record highs. The European Commission imposed sanctions and limitations on the import of oil and gas from Russia, which has reacted by reneging on supply commitments to many Member States. Compared to other countries, market disruption has been especially acute in the EU, given the bloc’s overdependence on Russian energy supply.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the electricity sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements.
V tem poročilu je analizirana vloga socialnega dialoga in kolektivnih pogajanj pri obravnavanju izzivov, s katerimi se je sektor civilnega letalstva spopadal med pandemijo covida-19. Vključenost socialnih partnerjev v ukrepe, uvedene za ublažitev negativnih posledic pandemije, se med posameznimi evropskimi državami razlikuje. Socialni dialog in kolektivna pogajanja so imeli pomembno vlogo v večini držav, medtem ko je bila ta vloga v nekaterih drugih bolj omejena. V poročilu so proučene tudi spremembe obstoječega socialnega dialoga in/ali postopkov kolektivnih pogajanj na nacionalni ravni.
V tem poročilu je proučena vloga socialnega dialoga in kolektivnih pogajanj pri obravnavanju izzivov, ki jih je povzročila ali zaostrila pandemija covida-19 v bolnišničnem sektorju. Poročilo prav tako išče odgovor na vprašanje, ali so bili obstoječi socialni dialog in postopki kolektivnih pogajanj na nacionalni ravni zadostno prilagojeni, da bi omogočili spoprijemanje s temi novimi izzivi. Raziskava je vključevala pregled literature za kontekstualizacijo strukturnih značilnosti bolnišničnega sektorja in analizo političnih pobud za obvladovanje krize, ki se izvajajo v EU-27 in na Norveškem.
To poročilo je pripravljeno v okviru triletnega pilotnega projekta (2021–2023) Vloga minimalne plače pri uvedbi univerzalnega jamstva za delo, ki ga je Evropska komisija poverila Eurofoundu. Poročilo se osredotoča na modul 3 projekta, v okviru katerega se raziskujejo minimalne plače in druge oblike plačila za samozaposlene.
Strogi ukrepi na področju javnega zdravja, ki so jih vlade leta 2020 uvedle za zajezitev pandemije covida-19, so nenadno spremenili naš način dela in nanj vplivali še v nadaljnjih dveh letih. Med marcem in novembrom 2021 je bilo v 36 državah opravljenih več kot 70 000 razgovorov v okviru evropske telefonske ankete o delovnih razmerah (EWCTS), ki je visokokakovostna raziskava reprezentativnega vzorca delavcev in podjetij. Njen cilj je bil pridobiti natančnejšo sliko o poklicnem življenju Evropejcev v tem izjemnem obdobju.
This study provides information allowing for an assessment of the representativeness of the actors involved in the European sectoral social dialogue committee for the Food and drink sector. Their relative representativeness legitimises their right to be consulted, their role and effective participation in the European sectoral social dialogue and their capacity to negotiate agreements. The aim of Eurofound’s studies on representativeness is to identify the relevant national and European social partner organisations in the field of industrial relations in the EU Member States.
Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the ECS 2009, the second edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2004–2005 as the European Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance.
Eurofound’s European Company Survey (ECS) maps and analyses company policies and practices which can have an impact on smart, sustainable and inclusive growth, as well as the development of social dialogue in companies. This series consists of outputs from the ECS 2013, the third edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2004–2005 as the European Establishment Survey on Working Time and Work-Life Balance.
Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. This series consists of outputs from the EQLS 2003, the first edition of the survey.
Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. This series consists of outputs from the EQLS 2007, the second edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2003.
Eurofound's European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) examines both the objective circumstances of European citizens' lives and how they feel about those circumstances and their lives in general. This series consists of outputs from the EQLS 2012, the third edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 2003.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2005, the fourth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
Eurofound’s European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) paints a wide-ranging picture of Europe at work across countries, occupations, sectors and age groups. This series consists of findings from the EWCS 2010, the fifth edition of the survey. The survey was first carried out in 1990.
This publication series explores scenarios for the future of manufacturing. The employment implications (number of jobs by sector, occupation, wage profile, and task content) under various possible scenarios are examined. The scenarios focus on various possible developments in global trade and energy policies and technological progress and run to 2030.
In 2022, the European Semester was streamlined to integrate the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) established on 19 February 2021 (Regulation (EU) 2021/241). While facing the geopolitical and economic challenges triggered by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Member States have been implementing the national Recovery and Resilience Plans (RRPs) for more than one year and around 100 billion euro in RRF funds have already been disbursed.
This report explores the association between skills use and skills strategies and establishment performance, and how other workplace practices, in terms of work organisation, human resources management and employee involvement, can impact on this. It looks at how skills shortages can be addressed, at least in part, by creating an environment in which employees are facilitated and motivated to make better use of the skills they already have. This further supports the business case for a more holistic approach to management.
This paper provides an analytical summary of state of the art academic and policy literature on the impact of climate change and policies to manage transitions to a carbon neutral economy on employment, working conditions, social dialogue and living conditions. It maps the key empirical findings around the impact of climate change and the green transitions on jobs, sectors, regions and countries in Europe, identifying the opportunities and risks that climate change policies bring to European labour markets.
With the expansion of telework and different forms of hybrid work as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important for policymakers to consider both the opportunities and the negative consequences that may result. This report will explore potential scenarios for such work. In doing so, it will identify trends and drivers, and predict how they might interact to create particular outcomes and how they are likely to affect workers and businesses. Policy pointers will outline what could be done to facilitate desirable outcomes and to avoid undesirable ones.
This report explores the drivers of economic and social convergence in Europe, using a selected set of economic and social indicators to examine trends in the performance of individual Member States. It also investigates what role the Economic and Monetary Union plays in convergence, particularly in southern and eastern Member States. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on convergence is analysed and initial conclusions are drawn about the impact of EU recovery packages and their ability to prevent divergence.
As economies emerge from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, labour shortages are becoming increasingly evident. These include shortages exacerbated by the crisis in some sectors and professions where they had been endemic for some time. This report will look at measures implemented at national level to tackle labour shortages in the health, care and information and communications technology sectors, as well as those arising from the twin digital and green transitions.
Adequate, affordable housing has become a matter of great concern, with an alarming number of Europeans with low or lower household incomes unable to access any, especially in capital cities. Housing was a key factor in people’s experience of the COVID-19 pandemic: its quality and level of safety significantly affected how lockdowns and social distancing measures were experienced, with those who had no access to quality housing at higher risk of deteriorating living conditions and well-being.
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered an extraordinary level of provision of social services across the EU. Healthcare and care providers carried much of the burden and, together with essential services, played a crucial role in getting citizens through the crisis. This report explores how public services adapted to the new reality and what role was played by the digital transformation of services. The aim is to contribute to the documentation and analysis of changes in funding, delivery and use of healthcare and social services during the pandemic.
The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence. Using data from Eurofound and Eurostat, this report will investigate the trends and drivers of the urban-rural divide, in various dimensions: economic and employment opportunities, access to services, living conditions and quality of life.
Building on previous work by Eurofound, this report will investigate intergenerational dynamics over time. During the 2008 double-dip recession, worrying intergenerational divides appeared in many Member States, and while some of the economic and social impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is universal, early data suggests disparities across demographic cohorts. Eurofound will examine how different age groups may have been affected in terms of their health, labour market participation, quality of life and financial needs, both in the short term and in the long term.