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Životní podmínky a kvalita života

Životní podmínky a kvalita života tvoří jednu ze šesti hlavních činností pracovního programu nadace Eurofound na období 2021–2024. Eurofound bude i nadále mapovat a analyzovat klíčové aspekty související se zlepšováním životních podmínek lidí v Evropě, včetně informací o tom, jak lidé vnímají kvalitu života a společnosti. Vzhledem k tomu, že pandemie COVID-19 a následující ekonomická krize hluboce ovlivnily životy lidí, nadace Eurofound bude dále zkoumat dopad krize na občany EU v různých obdobích života.

Výzkum agentury Eurofound v období 2021–2024 poskytne důležité poznatky o výzvách a vyhlídkách v oblasti životních podmínek a kvality života v EU a o úloze, kterou plní různé iniciativy s cílem snížit sociální problémy jednotlivých skupin obyvatel. Zvláštní pozornost bude věnována dopadům na starší lidi a potřebu péče, na mladé lidi a jejich sociální začlenění a sociální mobilitu, jakož i nejrůznějším důsledkům krize pro muže a ženy .

Při řešení krize COVID-19 hrály významnou úlohu veřejné služby . Ty čelily značným výzvám a agentura Eurofound je bude posuzovat podrobněji – zaměří se na problematiku kvality, dostupnosti a cenové dostupnosti. Z předchozích poznatků vyplynulo, že krize měla neúměrný dopad na určité skupiny v závislosti na věku, pečovatelských povinnostech rovnováze mezi pracovním a soukromým životem .

Eurofound se ve spolupráci s Evropským institutem pro rovnost žen a mužů (EIGE) chystá zkoumat mnohostranné genderové rozdíly na základě toho, jaký dopad má krize COVID-19 na muže a ženy, co se týče zaměstnanosti, materiálních životních podmínek a duševní pohody, s cílem identifikovat odlišnosti a posoudit jejich vliv na genderové rozdíly.

„Při budování důvěry ve stávající evropské instituce byla klíčová kvalita veřejných služeb. Ta bude zásadní i pro překonání stávajících a budoucích výzev. Kvalitní služby představují prostor pro inovace, především při přechodu na digitální ekologičtější služby a při přípravě na budoucí rizika, například pandemie.“

Tadas Leončikas, vedoucí manažer výzkumu, oddělení sociální politiky

Topic

Recent updates

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The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to...

2 Květen 2024
Publication
Annual report

Klíčová politická sdělení

Infografika

Hlavní zjištění vyplývající z výzkumu nadace Eurofound slouží jako podklad pro tvůrce politik při řešení některých klíčových problémů v této oblasti.

  • Vnímání napětí ve společnosti má nejškodlivější dopad na důvěru v instituce; klíčovým stimulem pro zvyšování důvěry v instituce je vnímaná kvalita veřejných služeb.
  • Je potřeba poskytovat dlouhodobější a flexibilnější péči. Domácí péče a pomoc by měly být dostupnější, především v těch členských státech EU, kde jsou nejnižší příjmy.
  • Okamžitá dostupnost primární zdravotní péče, sociální péče a dlouhodobé péče může zajistit včasnou intervenci a monitorování měnících se potřeb a zabránit stupňování problémů v oblasti dlouhodobé péče.
  • U mladých lidí se v čím dál větší míře projevují duševní onemocnění. Není ovšem jasné, zda je to kvůli vyššímu výskytu, nebo lepšímu povědomí a diagnostice. Duševní zdraví je úzce spjaté s dalšími problémy mladých lidí. Může být důsledkem nerovnosti nebo rovnou jejím zdrojem. K rizikovým faktorům duševních onemocnění patří zdravotní postižení a dlouhodobé onemocnění, problémy v rodině, problémy ve vztazích s vrstevníky a intenzivní používání sociálních médií.
  • Míra důvěry a sociální soudržnosti se sice od finanční krize v celé Evropě zlepšila, ale vypuknutí pandemie COVID-19 se výrazně podepsalo na duševní pohodě v nejvíce postižených zemích.
  • Ke skupinám nejvíce zasaženým omezením volného pohybu osob patří mladí lidé, kteří spolu s nezaměstnanými uvádějí nejnižší míru duševní pohody, a to i přes určité zlepšení od vypuknutí pandemie. Životní spokojenost a optimismus se sice od dubna 2020 zvýšily, ale mladí lidé se i nadále cítí vyloučeni ze společnosti a zůstávají vystaveni největšímu riziku deprese. Z toho vyplývá, že omezení volného pohybu osob na ně má větší dopad.
  • V případě dalších vln koronaviru budou mít zásadní význam opatření ke zmírnění rizik v oblasti duševního zdraví nezaměstnaných a mladých lidí v důsledku krize COVID-19. Součástí pokračujících politických opatření musí být poskytování cílené podpory s cílem umožnit uchazečům o zaměstnání znovu nalézt pracovní uplatnění a vyrovnat se s dopady pandemie a zajistit, aby se mladí lidé mohli plně zapojit do společnosti.
  • Krize COVID-19 snížila míru optimismu a ženám narušila rovnováhu mezi pracovním a soukromým životem více než mužům. Zásadním úkolem bude tyto rozdíly odstranit, aby se zajistilo, že ženy na pandemii nedoplatí neúměrně víc.
  • V době krize musí zůstat zachování důvěry občanů ve vnitrostátní a evropské instituce v centru pozornosti, protože dodržování opatření v boji s onemocněním COVID-19 výrazně závisí na míře důvěry v instituce a doporučení odborníků. Zvýšení míry důvěry v instituce uváděné respondenty, kteří využili podpůrná opatření, rovněž vysílá jasný signál vládám členských států a EU.

2021–2024 work plan

During 2021–2024, Eurofound’s research will provide an important insight into the challenges and prospects in the area of living conditions and quality of life in the EU and the role played by various initiatives aimed at alleviating the social hardship of various groups of citizens. Of particular interest are the implications for older people and care needs, youth and their social inclusion and social mobility, and the varying consequences of the crisis on men and women.

Public services across the EU played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 crisis while facing significant challenges and they will be assessed in greater detail, focusing on issues such as quality, access and affordability. As previous findings have shown, the crisis has had disproportionate effects on certain groups according to age, care responsibilities and work-life balance, and Eurofound will analyse this further.

In coordination with the European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE), Eurofound intends to research the multidimensional gender gap by investigating the impact on men and women of the COVID-19 crisis in terms of employment participation, material living conditions and well-being – in order to identify the differences and assess its effect on gender gaps.

Addressing stakeholder priorities

Eurofound’s research aims to assist policy action addressing the challenges and opportunities for the EU and national levels in the area of living conditions and quality of life. In particular, it will monitor the impact of COVID-19 and the ensuing economic crisis by providing knowledge on status, trends, risks, as well as ways to improve living conditions in the EU. Eurofound will focus on identifying and analysing pressing issues for the most vulnerable groups, specifically older citizens and young people. Eurofound will also inform policymakers by producing evidence on trends and drivers in relation to the delivery of public services, also linking in, for example, with the European Pillar of Social Rights.

The Agency’s work plan is aligned with the European Commission’s political guidelines over the next four years, directly feeding into a number of key policy areas aimed at creating a strong social Europe. In particular, the research will support policy initiatives and activities linked with the implementation of the European Gender Equality Strategy 2020–2025, the Youth Guarantee, the Child Guarantee and the European Semester and its country-specific recommendations.

 

Eurofound research

In 2024, Eurofound continues to monitor trends in living conditions and quality of life, against the backdrop of the health-related and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pandemic, the implications of the war in Ukraine, rising energy prices, and increases in costs of living. Building on the various rounds of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as on data gathered in 2023, the Agency investigates the impact of these challenges on the living conditions of Europeans.

The European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS) commences in 2024, including some questions on working conditions and living conditions relevant to the aftermath of COVID-19. The European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS) follows in 2026 using lessons drawn from the 2024 EWCS.

Research concludes on identifying groups not covered by social protection, due to coverage gaps and non-take-up of minimum income and unemployment schemes. It also looks at adequacy of these benefits, digitalisation of application procedures, linked service entitlements and sanctioning measures. Eurofound also publishes its findings on EU citizens’ rights and opportunities to live independently. It analyses the situation faced by various vulnerable groups and provides an overview of measures that facilitate family- and community-based care and support in the Member States.

Building on previous work on young people, research concludes on the life and prospects of young people in the post-pandemic era. Using new data collected in 2023, this research assesses the long-term impact of the pandemic on this group, looking into changes in the social situation of young people, as well as their quality of life, mental health and future prospects.

Analysis of the monitoring framework of the European Child Guarantee comes to an end in 2024, while new research starts to support national governments and the EU institutions in the implementation and evaluation of the Child Guarantee since it came into force. This work investigates the Member States’ levels of performance and their disparities, building on its previous work on convergence. It focuses on the workforce needed to deliver the Child Guarantee in areas of early childhood education and care, education, healthcare and other relevant sectors.

Considering the importance of care provision in EU societies, new research investigates informal care provision in the EU, the challenges faced by informal caregivers, and the measures in place to support them. This research considers care provided to people of all ages, while taking into consideration the diversity among informal carers. 

Eurofound launches new research on mental health services, investigating trends in and prevalence of mental health problems for different groups and how these needs are met in various countries in light of the pandemic and the arrival of Ukrainian refugees. 

Key outputs

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Eurofound's 2024 work programme is set in the context of the upcoming European elections, war in Ukraine, renewed Middle East conflict and rising cost of living across the EU.

23 Leden 2024
Publication
Work programme
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Nedostupné bydlení v EU vzbuzuje velké obavy. Vede k bezdomovectví, nejistotě v oblasti bydlení, finančnímu tlaku a nevyhovujícímu bydlení. Brání také mladým lidem v opuštění domácnosti rodičů. Tyto problémy mají...

30 Květen 2023
Publication
Research report
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Rok 2022 začal s opatrným optimismem. Evropa se vzpamatovávala ze dvou let pandemie covidu-19, přičemž nástroj NextGenerationEU stanovil plán oživení, který je zaměřen na silnou a udržitelnou budoucnost. Ruský útok...

4 Květen 2023
Publication
Annual report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
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Massimiliano Mascherini has been Head of the Social Policies unit at Eurofound since October 2019. He joined Eurofound in 2009 as a research manager, designing and coordinating...

Head of Unit,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (307)

The post-pandemic recovery of Europe continued in 2023, with strong job creation despite subdued economic growth, against a background of rising geopolitical tension. Eurofound’s research over the year brought to light evidence on the key issues shaping the daily lives and work of Europeans.

02 May 2024

This background paper focuses on one important aspect of social protection: unemployment benefits, both first tier (usually contributory) and lower tier (predominantly tax-based, non-contributory and means-tested). Unemployment benefits help to cushion the impact of job loss on household finances an

02 February 2024

The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of

19 December 2023

The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

18 October 2023

Tato zpráva se zabývá dopadem krize COVID-19 na sociální služby v EU. Pandemie sice sociální služby negativně ovlivnila, zároveň však poskytla ponaučení, jak tyto služby přizpůsobit v reakci na nové výzvy a sociální rizika. Jedním ponaučením je například to, že by měly být vypracovány politiky ke

16 August 2023

Nedostupné bydlení v EU vzbuzuje velké obavy. Vede k bezdomovectví, nejistotě v oblasti bydlení, finančnímu tlaku a nevyhovujícímu bydlení. Brání také mladým lidem v opuštění domácnosti rodičů. Tyto problémy mají vliv na zdraví a pohodu lidí, dávají najevo nerovné životní podmínky a příležitosti a

30 May 2023

Rok 2022 začal s opatrným optimismem. Evropa se vzpamatovávala ze dvou let pandemie covidu-19, přičemž nástroj NextGenerationEU stanovil plán oživení, který je zaměřen na silnou a udržitelnou budoucnost. Ruský útok na Ukrajinu na začátku roku však dramatickým způsobem změnil situaci a vyvolal nové

04 May 2023

This paper presents an analytical summary of current academic and policy literature on the impact of climate change and policies to manage the transition to a carbon-neutral economy on four key domains: employment, working conditions, social dialogue and living conditions. It maps the main empirical

12 April 2023

Cílem průzkumu Život, práce a COVID-19, který nadace Eurofound poprvé zahájila počátkem roku 2020, je zachytit rozsáhlý dopad pandemie na práci a život občanů EU. Páté kolo průzkumu nadace Eurofound, které se uskutečnilo na jaře roku 2022, tematicky pokrylo rovněž novou, nejistou realitu způsobenou

07 December 2022

The EU Presidency of Czechia organised a high-level conference in October 2022 on ‘Tackling energy poverty: EU approach & sharing best practices’. The event aimed to bring different actors together in order to strengthen the dialogue on possible solutions on how to further tackle energy poverty in

28 October 2022

Online resources results (218)
In this episode Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound Senior Research Manager Hans Dubois on the issues that feed into housing insecurity in Europe, and the actions that need to be taken to address them. Together, they analyse findings from Eurofound’s recent Unaffordable and inadequate housing in Eu
15 Červen 2023

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 Říjen 2022
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Wages in long-term care and other social services 21% below average

New data from the EU Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) show that, on average, EU Member States paid their social services workers 21% less than the average national hourly earnings in 2018: this compares with 19% less than the average in 2010 and 20% less in 2014. The majority of social services

European Quality of Life Survey 2016 New results for the EU candidate countries Event on Improving quality of life in Europe – Sharing data to shape better policies, 26 June 2018, Belgrade, Serbia Presentation by Tadas Leončikas, Senior Research Manager, Eurofound

26 Červen 2018

Germany: Trade unions' approach to climate change policies

While the international trade union movement is calling for a more effective implementation of the Paris Agreement on climate change, national trade unions differ regarding the way forward. German unions are taking a traditional path in joining forces with employers and calling for governmental

Malta: Latest working life developments – Q3 2017

Compensating workers for weekend public holidays, the effect of legalising marijuana in the workplace, and a proposal that the first day of sick leave should be unpaid are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Malta in

Finland: Major reform to healthcare and social services underway

The Finnish government is preparing a major reform to health, social services and regional government which will make regional governments a new level of public administration. Healthcare and social services and public employment services will be transferred from local governments to regional

Sweden: Latest working life developments – Q2 2017

Continued conflict at the Port of Gothenburg and an increase in sick leave due to mental ill-health in the workplace are the main topics of interest in this article. This country update reports on the latest developments in working life in Sweden in the second quarter of 2017.


Blogs results (32)
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Vaccine acceptance is key to the success of COVID-19 vaccination campaigns worldwide. Worryingly, over a quarter of people living in Europe are hesitant about taking a COVID-19 vaccine, and the level of hesitancy is especially high among heavy users of social media. The spread of misinformation on

23 Červen 2021
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An ageing Europe and rising public expenditure on long-term care have signalled for some time that the fundamentals of care provision need to be addressed. However, the shocking death toll in care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the fact that many long-term care services were ill-equipped to

2 Prosinec 2020
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As Europe faces into what appears to be a second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, concern is mounting about the evolution and dramatic impact of the disease, with rising numbers of infections, hospitalisations and deaths. There is also a growing focus on the repercussions for the economy, the labour

7 Říjen 2020
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​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour

3 Červen 2020
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While we now know that the idea that ‘COVID-19 only affects older people’ is fake news, the first weeks of the pandemic have shown that young people are in general more resilient than older people to the disease. But are they also more resilient to its social and economic impacts?

18 Květen 2020
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The impact of COVID-19 continues to create chaos in people’s lives across Europe and the world. The economy is heading towards another major dip, and a sense of general insecurity pervades. The daunting challenges confronting health services and projections on the long-term impact of the crisis

12 Květen 2020
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The votes have been cast, tallied and declared and we can now see the political landscape of the new European Parliament. It is a complex picture: there has been growth of far-right and populist parties, but well short of what was projected, and at the same time there has been a boost for pro

30 Květen 2019
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Depopulation of rural areas and the concentration of employment and education opportunities in urban centres is a fact of modern life. What impact does this have on the quality of life of rural residents? Do they feel increasingly isolated, and what are the emerging trends? New research by Eurofound

8 Květen 2019
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Europe is showing visible signs of progress; in most countries, labour markets are healthier than they have been in a decade, with more people active and in work than ever before, while social exclusion is declining. However, it is also a continent in transition, where an imbalance in opportunities

18 Červen 2018

Upcoming publications results (4)

This factsheet will provide a snapshot of society and quality of life in spring 2024. It will look at a number of issues, including mental well-being, trust, access to healthcare, social support and coping with increases in the cost of living. The analysis is based on the Living and working in the

December 2024

This report explores the implications of the right of all EU citizens to live independently. It investigates the barriers faced by people who wish to live independently, and the situation of people at risk of living in institutional settings. It maps the various measures taken by EU Member States to

October 2024

Social protection can include a range of entitlements to monetary and in-kind benefits. Eurofound’s project focuses on unemployment and minimum income benefits. Social protection can provide a safety net for people who are negatively impacted by the green and digital transitions. During the COVID-19

September 2024

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, young Europeans face many obstacles in their path to independence, including securing employment, the rise in cost of living and the inability to leave the family home. This report builds on recent Eurofound survey data to explore the lives of young people in the EU.

May 2024
Forthcoming
Publication
Research report
Data results (1)
24 Říjen 2023
Reference period:

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