Living and working in Europe 2023

The report contains the following lists of tables and figures.

List of tables

• Table 1: Year-on-year change in employment, by age group and sex, EU27, 2019–2022 (%)

• Table 2: Unsocial working hours, by sector and occupation, EU27, 2021 (% of employees)

• Table 3: High work intensity, by sector and occupation, EU27, 2021 (% of employees)

• Table 4: Financial worries, by sector and occupation, EU27, 2021 (% of employees)

• Table 5: Employees with hybrid work arrangements, by sector and occupation, EU27, 2021 (%)

• Table 6: Employees who work exclusively from their employer’s premises, by sector and occupation, EU27, 2021 (%)

• Table 7: Member States with a pronounced improvement or decline in industrial democracy subdimensions

   

List of figures

• Figure 1: Year-on-year change in employment by sex, EU27, 2019–2022 (%)

• Figure 2: Change in baseline scenario employment resulting from Fit for 55, EU Member States, 2030

• Figure 3: Additional impact of Fit for 55 on sectoral employment compared with the baseline, EU, 2030

• Figure 4: Employment shifts, by job–wage quintile, 2011–2019 (millions)

• Figure 5: Projected employment shifts, by job–wage quintile, under baseline scenario and Fit for 55, 2019–2030 (millions)

• Figure 6: Projected employment shifts, by sex and job–wage quintile, under Fit for 55 compared with 2019 baseline scenario, 2019–2030 (thousands)

• Figure 7: Projected employment shifts, by sex and job–wage quintile, under Fit for 55 compared with 2030 baseline scenario, 2019–2030 (thousands)

• Figure 8: Job vacancy rate, EU27, Q1 2013–Q3 2022 (%)

• Figure 9: Share of extremely and highly strained jobs in the healthcare sector, compared with all sectors, EU Member States, 2021 (%)

• Figure 10: Job stressors and resources

• Figure 11: Unsocial working hours and subindicators, EU27, 2021 (% of employees)

• Figure 12: Prevalence of financial worries, by gender, age and education, EU27, 2021 (% of employees)

• Figure 13: Scores on health and well-being outcomes for three common stressors

• Figure 14: Job quality in 11 essential worker categories, EU27, 2021 (%)

• Figure 15: Employees reporting financial worries and job insecurity, by telework category, EU27, 2021 (%)

• Figure 16: Employees scoring high on job resources, by telework category, EU27, 2021 (% of employees)

• Figure 17: Employees reporting working in their free time and working long hours, by telework category, EU27, 2021 (% of employees)

• Figure 18: Experiencing work–life interference, by telework category, EU27, 2021 (% of employees)

• Figure 19: Reasons for responding to out-of-hours contact from work, 2022 (%)

• Figure 20: Perceived impact of being contacted out of hours on health and well-being (%)

• Figure 21: Minimum wage increases, EU Member States, 2023 (%)

• Figure 22: Change in real minimum wages, EU Member States, 2022–2023 (%)

• Figure 23: Hourly nominal minimum wages, EU Member States, January 2023 (€)

• Figure 24: Trends in nominal and real wages, euro zone, Q2 2020–Q1 2023

• Figure 25: Ranking of Member States on industrial democracy and index subdimensions, 2021

• Figure 26: Convergence and divergence patterns in industrial democracy, EU Member States, 2008–2021

• Figure 27: Tertiary educational attainment, by Member State and degree of urbanisation, 2021 (%)

• Figure 28: Population with at least basic digital skills, by Member State and degree of urbanisation, 2021 (%)

• Figure 29: Trust in government and trust in the EU, by degree of urbanisation, EU27, 2022

• Figure 30: Individual and community recognition gap, by degree of urbanisation, EU27, 2022 (%)

• Figure 31: Breakdown of population by type of tenure, EU Member States, 2022 (%)

• Figure 32: Rent, house prices, interest rate and disposable income, EU27, 2005–2023

• Figure 33: Housing costs, EU Member States, 2019 (monthly purchasing power standard)

• Figure 34: Percentage of population living in homes with a leaking roof, dampness or rot, EU27, 2009–2020

• Figure 35: Share of the population living in homes with a leaking roof, dampness or rot, EU Member States, 2020 (%)

• Figure 36: Percentage of the population unable to keep their home adequately warm, by total population and population at risk of poverty, EU27, 2005–2021

• Figure 37: Share of the population unable to keep their home adequately warm, EU Member States, 2021 (%)

• Figure 38: Share of population reporting pollution, grime or other environmental problems, for the total population and the low-income population, EU27, 2008–2020 (%)

• Figure 39: Share of population reporting pollution, grime or other environmental problems, EU Member States, 2020 (%)

• Figure 40: Share of population reporting pollution, grime or other environmental problems, by degree of urbanisation, EU Member States, 2020 (%)

• Figure 41: Share of the population experiencing noise pollution, by total population and population at risk of poverty, EU27, 2008–2020

• Figure 42: Share of households experiencing noise pollution, EU Member States, 2020 (%)

• Figure 43: Problems in the neighbourhood, EU, 2022