Invecchiamento della forza lavoro
L'invecchiamento della popolazione europea pone ai responsabili politici numerose sfide in relazione all'occupazione, alle condizioni di lavoro, al tenore di vita e al benessere. Ciò ha suscitato preoccupazioni in merito alla sostenibilità dei sistemi pensionistici e all'offerta di lavoro. Promuovere le opportunità di lavoro per una forza lavoro che invecchia richiede un nuovo modo di pensare a livello aziendale, nazionale e dell'UE.
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L'Europa deve adattarsi all'invecchiamento della sua forza lavoro
Con il calo dei tassi di natalità e l'invecchiamento della popolazione, i responsabili politici si trovano di fronte all'urgente compito di trattenere i lavoratori esperti e di adattare i luoghi di lavoro per soddisfare le esigenze di una popolazione più anziana.In che modo l'Europa può adattarsi all'invecchiamento della forza lavoro?
In che modo l'Europa può adattarsi all'invecchiamento della forza lavoro? Quali sono gli ostacoli che i lavoratori anziani devono affrontare sul luogo di lavoro? In che modo l'evoluzione delle tecnologie e della qualità del lavoro influisce sulla permanenza dei lavoratori anziani sul mercato del lavoro? Questo episodio si propone di rispondere a queste domande nel contesto dei cambiamenti demografici in Europa e della necessità di rendere il lavoro più sostenibile.Keeping older workers in the labour force
Europe’s population is ageing and has experienced natural decline since 2014, cushioned only by net migration. The working-age population is shrinking as the number of older individuals grows, a trend expected to continue with the retirement of the baby boom generation. This shift presents challenges for policymakers in relation to employment, living standards and welfare sustainability across EU Member States.
This report aims to answer the question of how to keep older workers in employment as long as possible. It provides a comprehensive analysis of employment developments. It examines job quality differences across various age groups and analyses differences in job quality within the group of older workers. The report also explores the push and pull factors influencing employment trends across Europe and delves into the policies and practices implemented by Member States to keep older workers in the workforce. It highlights the critical role of social partners in shaping these outcomes and, finally, provides general pointers for policymakers to consider.
Eurofound vanta una lunga esperienza nelle questioni che devono affrontare l'invecchiamento della forza lavoro. A partire dagli anni '90 la ricerca si è concentrata sulla partecipazione al mercato del lavoro, sulle prestazioni lavorative, sulle condizioni di lavoro e sulle preferenze lavorative dei lavoratori anziani nel contesto politico del mutevole profilo demografico dell'Europa. Il lavoro si è concentrato anche sul sostegno pubblico e sulle iniziative a livello aziendale che promuovono l'occupazione dei lavoratori anziani. Ha esaminato le lavoratrici anziane, evidenziando l'aumento dei tassi di occupazione di questo gruppo e la loro crescente percentuale di forza lavoro, in particolare nella fascia di età 55-64 anni.
Nonostante la crescita sostanziale dei tassi di occupazione dei lavoratori anziani nell'ultimo decennio in molti paesi dell'UE, la relazione comune sull'occupazione 2017 della Commissione europea evidenzia il potenziale per aumentare ulteriormente tali tassi. Nel 2016 il tasso di occupazione dei lavoratori anziani di età compresa tra i 55 e i 64 anni nell'UE era del 55,3%, rispetto al 66,6% per l'insieme delle persone di età compresa tra i 15 e i 64 anni. L'aumento è stato maggiore tra le donne anziane.
Il pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali fornisce un quadro per aiutare i mercati del lavoro ad adattarsi alle nuove sfide, promuovendo nel contempo l'equità e la solidarietà tra le generazioni. Sottolinea il diritto a un ambiente di lavoro adeguato alle esigenze professionali di un lavoratore che consenta loro di prolungare la loro partecipazione al mercato del lavoro. Inoltre, il recente accordo autonomo delle parti sociali europee sull'invecchiamento attivo e l'approccio intergenerazionale si impegna a rendere più facile per i lavoratori anziani partecipare attivamente e rimanere più a lungo nel mercato del lavoro.
Commissione europea: Relazione congiunta sull'occupazione 2017opens in new tab
Commissione europea: Pilastro europeo dei diritti socialiopens in new tab
Parti sociali europee: accordo quadro autonomo sull'invecchiamento attivo e un approccio intergenerazionaleopens in new tab
Questa è una selezione delle pubblicazioni più importanti su questo tema.
31 March 2025
Keeping older workers in the labour force
Europe’s population is ageing and has experienced natural decline since 2014, cushioned only by net migration. The working-age population is shrinking as the number of older individuals grows, a trend expected to continue with the retirement of the baby boom generation. This shift presents challenges for policymakers in relation to employment, living standards and welfare sustainability across EU Member States.
This report aims to answer the question of how to keep older workers in employment as long as possible. It provides a comprehensive analysis of employment developments. It examines job quality differences across various age groups and analyses differences in job quality within the group of older workers. The report also explores the push and pull factors influencing employment trends across Europe and delves into the policies and practices implemented by Member States to keep older workers in the workforce. It highlights the critical role of social partners in shaping these outcomes and, finally, provides general pointers for policymakers to consider.
19 December 2023
Intergenerational inequalities: How to close the gaps?
The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of social protection and housing – in some cases have benefited certain age groups over others. The upshot both of crises and of policies is that inequalities between the generations have widened in important areas.
This policy brief examines some of the intergenerational social trends that either were persistent or changed considerably over the last decade and a half, sometimes contrary to expectations. It focuses on significant developments that have received somewhat less attention in policy planning in the areas of income, housing, work and employment, and health. The intention is to develop a clearer sense of the direction of social change and bring medium- and long-term perspectives into policy thinking.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
26 February 2021
Working conditions and sustainable work: An analysis using the job quality framework
This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It highlights which groups are the most at risk of experiencing poor working conditions and being left behind. Given the changes in the world of work, emerging challenges for good job quality are identified. The report also provides evidence for measures that could lead to the further improvement of work and the achievement of fair working conditions for all in the EU. The analysis shows that, overall, job quality in the EU is improving, if slowly. Not all workers are benefiting to the same extent, however. Furthermore, gender, age and contractual status have a significant bearing on a person’s working conditions. And while digitalisation helps to address some job quality issues, it also creates new challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated trends, reinforcing concerns and highlighting the importance of achieving job quality for all.
13 May 2019
Working conditions and workers' health
This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies a greater number of people in employment who can remain in the workforce for longer. The report examines the interplay between work demands – which carry an increased risk of exhaustion – and work resources – which support workers in greater engagement and well-being. The findings indicate that physical risks have not increased but remain important, while emotional demands have increased, underlining the growing importance of psychosocial risks at work. Changes over time suggest that although the risk of poor health is concentrated in certain occupations, those occupations traditionally considered to be protected are increasingly exposed to risks that are likely to affect workers’ health and well-being.
15 November 2018
Not finished at 50: Keeping older workers in work
23 January 2018
European Quality of Life Survey 2016
Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European Quality of Life Survey. This overview report presents the findings for the EU Member States. It uses information from previous survey rounds, as well as other research, to look at trends in quality of life against a background of the changing social and economic profile of European societies. Ten years after the global economic crisis, it examines well-being and quality of life broadly, to include quality of society and public services. The findings indicate that differences between countries on many aspects are still prevalent – but with more nuanced narratives. Each Member State exhibits certain strengths in particular aspects of well-being, but multiple disadvantages are still more pronounced in some societies than in others; and in all countries significant social inequalities persist.
21 December 2017
Working conditions of workers of different ages
Demographic change is changing the face of working life across the EU. The increased demand on a shrinking pool of workers to provide for the social needs of an ageing population is leading to increases in the employment rate of older workers and a lengthening of working life. Policy reforms have – on the whole – focused on raising the statutory retirement age and providing financial incentives for older workers to remain in work beyond retirement age. However, a range of other factors also influence workers’ decision to continue working into old age – including health and well-being, work–life balance, career prospects and job security, and working conditions such as autonomy, hours of work and psychosocial aspects of the workplace. This report analyses these factors in depth for the 28 EU Member States, using data from the latest European Working Conditions Survey (EWCS 2015) and in the context of Eurofound’s concept of ‘sustainable work over the life course’.
I ricercatori di Eurofound forniscono approfondimenti esperti e possono essere contattati per domande o richieste dei media.
Franz Ferdinand Eiffe
Research managerFranz Eiffe è un dirigente di ricerca presso l'unità Working Life di Eurofound. È coinvolto in progetti sul lavoro sostenibile, analisi quantitative e convergenza verso l'alto nell'UE, nonché nella preparazione della quarta European Company Survey. Prima di entrare a far parte di Eurofound nel 2016, è stato capo dell'unità "Analisi" presso Statistics Austria a Vienna e responsabile del progetto "How is Austria? Misurare la ricchezza e il progresso oltre il PIL". Ha conseguito un dottorato di ricerca in Economia presso l'Università di Economia di Vienna (WU), dove ha lavorato anche come ricercatore associato dal 2005 al 2009 e docente fino al 2016.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois è senior research manager presso l'unità Politiche sociali di Eurofound. I suoi temi di ricerca includono l'alloggio, il sovraindebitamento, l'assistenza sanitaria, l'assistenza a lungo termine, le prestazioni sociali, la pensione e la qualità della vita nell'area locale. Prima di entrare a far parte di Eurofound, è stato Assistant Professor presso l'Università Kozminski di Varsavia. Ha conseguito un dottorato di ricerca in Economia e Gestione Aziendale presso l'Università Bocconi di Milano, dopo aver lavorato come funzionario di ricerca presso l'Osservatorio Europeo sui Sistemi e le Politiche Sanitarie (Madrid).
Oscar Vargas Llave
Senior research managerOscar Vargas Llave is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and manages projects on changes in the world of work and the impact on working conditions and related policies: organisation of working time, remote work, the right to disconnect, health and well-being and ageing. Before joining Eurofound in December 2009, he worked as project coordinator in the field of health and safety and was responsible for the Professional Card Scheme for the Construction Sector in Spain at the non-profit Fundación Laboral de la Construcción in Madrid. He has a background in industrial sociology (Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca), and also holds a Diploma in Social Science Research Methods from the University of Cardiff and a Master’s degree in Health and Safety from the Autonomous University of Madrid.
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