Salta al contenuto principale
shutterstock_senior_architect.jpg

Invecchiamento della forza lavoro

L’invecchiamento della popolazione europea lancia molte sfide ai responsabili delle politiche in relazione all’occupazione, alle condizioni di lavoro, agli standard di vita e al welfare, in quanto è all’origine di preoccupazioni sulla sostenibilità dei sistemi pensionistici e sull’offerta di lavoro. La promozione di opportunità di lavoro per una forza lavoro che invecchia richiede nuove idee a livello aziendale, nazionale e comunitario.

Topic

Recent updates

hu_eu-flags-sm.png

From July to December 2024, Eurofound supports the work of Hungary's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

Web page

EU context

Nonostante la crescita significativa dei tassi di occupazione dei lavoratori anziani negli ultimi dieci anni in molti paesi dell’UE, la relazione congiunta sull’occupazione 2017 della Commissione europea sottolinea che è possibile aumentare ulteriormente tali tassi. Nel 2016, il tasso di occupazione dei lavoratori anziani di età compresa tra i 55 e i 64 anni nell’UE si è attestato al 55,3 %, rispetto al 66,6 % di quelli di età compresa tra i 15 e i 64 anni, ove l’aumento maggiore si è registrato tra le donne.

Il pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali delinea un quadro in base al quale i mercati del lavoro hanno la possibilità di meglio adattarsi alle nuove sfide promuovendo nel contempo l’equità e la solidarietà tra le generazioni e ribadendo il diritto a un ambiente di lavoro adeguato alle esigenze professionali dei lavoratori per consentire loro di prolungare la loro partecipazione al mercato del lavoro. Inoltre, il recente accordo autonomo delle parti sociali europee sull’invecchiamento attivo e l’approccio intergenerazionale costituiscono un impegno a facilitare per i lavoratori più anziani la partecipazione attiva e una protratta permanenza sul mercato del lavoro.

Il lavoro di Eurofound

Eurofound vanta una lunga esperienza nell’affrontare problematiche relative all’invecchiamento della forza lavoro. Dagli anni ’90 la ricerca si è concentrata sulla partecipazione al mercato del lavoro, sulle prestazioni lavorative, le condizioni di lavoro e le preferenze occupazionali dei lavoratori più anziani nel contesto politico del profilo demografico in evoluzione in Europa. Il lavoro si è incentrato anche sul sostegno pubblico e sulle iniziative a livello aziendale che promuovono l’occupazione dei lavoratori più anziani, prendendo in esame la situazione delle lavoratrici anziane ed evidenziando l’aumento dei tassi di occupazione per questo gruppo e la crescente proporzione della forza lavoro, specialmente nella fascia di età 55-64 anni.

Dati dell’indagine

Le principali indagini di Eurofound forniscono una serie di dati sulla situazione dei lavoratori anziani. La sesta indagine europea sulle condizioni di lavoro (EWCS) esamina come i lavoratori anziani si posizionano tra le diverse dimensioni della qualità del lavoro. Sebbene abbiano meno probabilità di diventare disoccupati rispetto a quelli più giovani, i dati mostrano che i lavoratori più anziani hanno l’impressione che se diventassero disoccupati non troverebbero un nuovo lavoro con lo stesso trattamento economico e avrebbero persino difficoltà a rientrare nel mercato del lavoro.

Uno studio basato sulla quinta indagine europea sulle condizioni di lavoro (EWCS) esamina le caratteristiche della forza lavoro più anziana e del lavoro a diverse età nonché i fattori che rendono il lavoro sostenibile per una forza lavoro che invecchia: buone condizioni di lavoro, benessere fisico e mentale ed equilibrio tra vita professionale e vita privata.

L’indagine sulla qualità della vita in Europa di Eurofound (EQLS) presenta i risultati relativi all’età in relazione a varie dimensioni della qualità della vita in Europa. Un’analisi delle preferenze in materia di occupazione dopo i 50 anni, che si basa sulla terza EQLS, evidenzia che molti lavoratori anziani preferiscono lavorare meno ore anche dopo aver tenuto conto delle proprie esigenze finanziarie. Facilitare questo maggiore allineamento tra orario di lavoro e preferenze può consentire alle persone di lavorare più a lungo, motivandole in tal senso.

Vite professionali più lunghe

Di recente, Eurofound si è unita ad altre tre agenzie dell’UE per esaminare il lavoro “a misura di anziano” in Europa, le sfide politiche associate all’invecchiamento della forza lavoro e le soluzioni innovative.

Molti lavoratori non sono in grado di lavorare o sono demotivati a farlo fino all’età pensionabile prevista per legge. Tuttavia, c’è anche una fascia di persone in grado e disposte a lavorare anche dopo tale limite di età. Eurofound ha studiato questo fenomeno crescente rappresentato dalla ripresa del lavoro dopo il pensionamento.

La ricerca recente si è concentrata sul prolungamento della vita lavorativa attraverso schemi di pensionamento flessibili, esaminando in particolare schemi pensionistici parziali che possano contribuire a questo obiettivo. Anche le revisioni di metà carriera possono contribuire a prolungare la vita lavorativa. La ricerca ha esaminato come possono aiutare a chiarire le opzioni dei lavoratori per rimanere nel mondo del lavoro fino a un’età pensionabile successiva, mettendo in evidenza diversi strumenti sviluppati dalle aziende per far rimanere i lavoratori anziani.

Altre ricerche documentano le iniziative nazionali e settoriali da parte dei governi e delle parti sociali volte a far restare i lavoratori più anziani nel mercato del lavoro, compresi incentivi finanziari e condizioni migliori. In un progetto precedente, sono state analizzate le iniziative di gestione dell’invecchiamento introdotte prima e dopo la recessione per evidenziare le buone prassi nelle aziende in Europa.

Risorse

Key outputs

ef18041card_cover.png

This report uses European Working Conditions Survey data to examine working conditions and their implications for worker’s health. Ensuring the sustainability of work in the context of ageing populations implies...

13 Maggio 2019
Publication
Research report
ef1733en_card_cover.png

Nearly 37,000 people in 33 European countries (28 EU Member States and 5 candidate countries) were interviewed in the last quarter of 2016 for the fourth wave of the European...

23 Gennaio 2018
Publication
Research report
ef1747_card_cover.png

Demographic change is increasing the number of older workers in employment in Europe. In order for all of them to work beyond 55 or even after the pension age, it...

21 Dicembre 2017
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

Research continues in this topic on a variety of themes, which are outlined below with links to forthcoming titles.

Eurofound expert(s)

hans-dubois-2023.png

Hans Dubois is a senior research manager in the Social Policies unit at Eurofound. His research topics include housing, over-indebtedness, healthcare, long-term care, social...

Senior research manager,
Social policies research unit
Publications results (101)

Eurofound’s research on ‘Restructuring in recession and labour force participation’ explored the age management practices of companies in light of restructuring undergone during the recession. The study looked at policy in relation to the retention of older workers (aged 50 or more) in employment at

22 January 2012

Eurofound’s research on ‘Restructuring in recession and labour force participation’ explored the age management practices of companies in light of restructuring undergone during the recession. The study looked at policy in relation to the retention of older workers (aged 50 or more) in employment at

22 January 2012

As is the case in many other organisations operating in the transport industry in Latvia, Latvian Railway Group’s human resources (HR) strategy, policies and activities are built on the General Agreement and collective agreements. The aim of the General Agreement and collective agreements is to

22 January 2012

Vattenfall launched its age management programme in 2001. As an early adopter of such programmes and policies, Vattenfall has been seen as a forerunner in Sweden. It won an Employer of the Year Award in 2006 and received considerable attention in the media for the programme’s innovative approach

22 January 2012

Over the past five years employment rates among workers aged 65 to 74 years increased by 15% in the EU27 (Eurostat, 2011). Most people in this age group are pensioners, demonstrating that it has become more common for pensioners to take on paid employment, albeit starting from a fairly low level

14 December 2011

Europeans are living longer than ever before, but fewer babies are being born. The increased lifespan is great news but also poses many questions for individuals, their families and social systems. This fact sheet forms part of the Eurofound resource pack on 'Living longer, working better – Active

14 December 2011

Keeping older employees in the workforce for longer has been at the heart of national and European policies since the late 1990s. These policies have had an impact. Employment rates for older workers aged 55 to 64 have increased considerably over the last ten years, from 38% to 47% (Eurostat, 2000

14 December 2011

For most people work is not only a source of income but also an important aspect of their personal identity and their social life. When workers grow older, the positive elements of work often retain their importance, but for many it becomes more difficult to do their jobs. This fact sheet forms part

14 December 2011

Europe is undergoing a previously unwitnessed ageing of the population. In view of this, social inclusion of the elderly and strategies to promote voluntary work among older people are now important items on the EU’s political agenda. This report is based on 30 case studies from 11 Member States in

08 September 2011

Older people have typically been seen as the beneficiaries of voluntary activities. Indeed, the role of voluntary services is likely to become increasingly important in the context of cuts in state-provided welfare services and payments as a result of the economic crisis. However, increasing

14 March 2011

Online resources results (133)

Unfair treatment of older people in the labour market

In December 2013, the Slovak Republic Government [1] launched the National Programme of Active Ageing for 2014–2020 (in Slovak, 1.3 MB PDF) [2]. Its aim was to tackle the problem of the country’s ageing population and make the complex issue of ‘active ageing’ a political priority. While the

Low economic activity among people over 45

A 2013 report, Diagnosis of the current situation of women and men aged 50+ on the labour market in Poland (66 MB PDF) [1], investigates how active this age group is in the country’s labour market. It is part of a larger project focusing on ‘Equal opportunities in the labour market for people aged

Better ‘workability’ means longer careers

Every three years, the Foundation for Innovation and Labour [1], part of the Flemish Social-Economic Council (SERV [2]), carries out a survey of attitudes towards work in the Flemish Region of Belgium. The results are used to assess the ‘workability’ of jobs in the region. The survey was first

Sharp fall in minimum pension scheme claims

The French minimum pension scheme supports people on low incomes. It helps them reach the legally guaranteed minimum income.

Sharp rise in sickness absence

Sickness absence in Belgium has increased continuously since 2002. More employees take more sick leave more often, and in 2012 total absence due to sickness was 4.7% of all hours worked. This translates to an annual average of more than twelve working days’ absence per person. Short term sickness

How unskilled workers’ health deteriorates with age

In light of demographic change and the increase of the retirement age from 65 to 67, older workers are becoming increasingly important for the German labour market. While some fear increasing poverty among those who might not be able to work until the age of 67, others argue that an even higher

Inequality and discrimination in employment still high

A survey, Equality and discrimination in the workplace (in Bulgarian), [1] was commissioned by Bulgaria’s Ministry of Labour and Social Policy (MLSP [2]) and the Commission for Protection against discrimination (KZD [3]). It was part of a project, Progress Towards Equality: National Effective and

Challenges of an ageing population

In December 2012, Estonia’s Centre of Applied Social Sciences (CASS [1]) presented a study, The elderly in the Estonian labour market (in Estonian, 1.5KB PDF [2]). Its aim was to gather labour market related information on people aged between 50 and 74. The study was designed to map their situation

Employers positive about recruiting young workers

The Chartered Institute for Personnel and Development (CIPD [1]) released a report in September 2012 called Learning to Work [2], examining employers’ views of young people and their attitudes towards the recruitment of young workers. The survey, based on replies from 760 workplaces, showed that a

Rise in age-related discrimination at work

One of the purposes of the ‘Trends’ survey carried out in April 2011 by research agency Centre of Empirical Studies (STEM [1]) was to learn more about the views of Czech people on discrimination at work. This representative survey involves a set of questions that have been asked each year since 2004


Blogs results (6)

There’s a demographic shift sweeping Europe: people are living longer and working longer. Older workers, however, face significant labour market barriers.

25 Gennaio 2024
image_1_blog_motivation_20032019.jpg

Motivated workers have higher levels of engagement, better health and are able to work longer. Improving motivation at work is therefore a key component in meeting the challenges of Europe’s ageing workforce and improving the EU’s long-term competitiveness on a global scale. This means that

20 Marzo 2019
image_blog_labour_market_integration_15112018.jpg

Over the last decade, European labour markets have seen a surge in the number of older workers in work and a continuous decline in their unemployment rates. A lot of young and middle-aged workers lost their jobs in the Great Recession, but not so the older age group. This favourable state of affairs

15 Novembre 2018
image1_keeping_careers_alive_as_work_transforms_blog_21062018.jpg

In this article, Jean-Marie Jungblut looks at the health of careers in Europe. He argues that, since the average length of the most important job in a person’s life is over 20 years, time should be put aside in the middle of a career to check the fit between the worker and the job. Different

21 Giugno 2018
image_blog_18012018.jpg

In this blog piece, originally published in Social Europe, Eurofound Research Officer Daniel Molinuevo looks at the service providers delivering long-term care to older people in Europe.

18 Gennaio 2018
working_longer.jpg

There are limits to the effectiveness of member states’ pension reforms. Europe, it’s often said, is experiencing a worsening ageing crisis. European governments grappling with this and the related unsustainability of many pension schemes have taken measures to keep older workers longer in

26 Settembre 2016
Upcoming publications results (1)

The European population is living longer, with a declining natural population since 2014, offset only by positive net migration. The proportion of older people, especially those over 50, is increasing. Demographic ageing, where the working-age population shrinks while the number of older individuals

March 2025
Data results (2)

Disclaimer

When freely submitting your request, you are consenting Eurofound in handling your personal data to reply to you. Your request will be handled in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2018 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by the Union institutions, bodies, offices and agencies and on the free movement of such data. More information, please read the Data Protection Notice.