Industrial relations developments in 2025

This publication comprises individual country reports on developments in industrial relations in each of the 27 EU Member States and Norway in 2025, based on national research and survey results. The topics covered include changes in social partner organisations; developments in bipartite social dialogue and collective bargaining; responses by employer and worker organisations to budget reforms and austerity measures; and social dialogue on the likes of competitiveness, gender equality and work–life balance. The reports also include updates on government initiatives and their impact on social dialogue and collective bargaining, and industrial conflict.

Please note that there is no consolidated report on working life in the EU in 2025.