Working time in the context of increasingly flexible work in the aftermath of COVID-19

This research report examines how flexible working arrangements in the EU affect working time quality, autonomy and employee well-being, comparing recent developments with a decade ago. It analyses differences across skill levels, sectors and Member States, and assesses the role of regulations and policies such as the right to disconnect. It also identifies key challenges and opportunities to ensure that increased flexibility supports, rather than undermines, job quality.