Number of climate-related adverse events experienced by respondents, by EU Member State and the EU, 2025 (%)

Findings from the 2025 (eighth) round of Eurofound’s Living and working in the EU e-survey suggest persistent economic strain and uneven levels of resilience across Member States. Despite lower inflation and labour markets that remain relatively stable by headline indicators, respondents continue to face significant financial pressure, with widening gaps between income groups, rising insecurity among renters and middle-aged people, and continued housing insecurity, especially among low-income and single-parent households.