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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 January 2024
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level, drawing on debates about the reduction of working time and the four-day working week.

24 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. While nominal wages picked up in 2021 and 2022, real wage growth has remained below inflation, affecting mainly low-income groups.

06 September 2023

This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain

19 July 2023

This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021–2023), ‘Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee’, mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay

30 November 2022

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

This report sets out to map and analyse legislation and collective bargaining on telework in the 27 Member States and Norway. It highlights the main cross-country differences and similarities regarding telework legislation and recent changes to these regulations. It also examines the current situati

01 September 2022

This report analyses recent developments and emerging practices in collective bargaining processes and outcomes, mainly in the private sector. The report covers collective bargaining systems in 10 EU Member States and is based on cases identified through interviews with key stakeholders and

31 August 2022

Online resources results (321)

Public sector unions agree to new deal

The Irish government [1] has succeeded in its efforts to renegotiate the Public Service Agreement 2010–2014 to cut public service costs by an estimated €1 billion. [1] http://www.gov.ie/

Social council makes progress on key issues

The Council of Employment, Social Policy, Health and Consumer Affairs (EPSCO [1]) met on 20 and 21 June 2013 in Luxembourg. The council meets around four times a year, and is composed of employment, social protection, consumer protection, health and equal opportunities ministers. [1] http://www

Health and social care wages return to pre-crisis levels

Reforms and austerity measures in the health and social care sectors have affected the quantity and quality of services. Cost-cutting reforms have reduced the number of service providers and state-funded services because organisations cannot afford to pay employees’ salaries. Consequently, the

New working time model for retail sector

A new working time model for people who work on Saturdays in Austria was unveiled on 8 July 2013. The alternative to existing Saturday work rules was proposed by social partners, along with the commerce section of the Federal Economic Chamber (WKO [1]) and the Union of Salaried Employees, Graphical

‘Fitness check’ for information and consultation directives

The European Commission (EC [1]) issued the results of a so-called ‘fitness check (348KB PDF) [2]’ of EU law on the provision of information to and consultation of workers on 26 July 2013. [1] http://ec.europa.eu/index_en.htm [2] http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=10415&langId=en

Postal workers win concessions after strike

A wildcat strike was launched by around 80 independent parcel post workers in the Netherlands on 25 June 2013. The self-employed drivers, known as ZZPs, who work for PostNL [1], had rejected proposed lower pay rates offered by the postal company for the delivery of each parcel. The drivers had been

Government presents employment policy for next 12 months

A year after the first Grand Social Conference (*FR1205031I* [1]) in July 2012, the Government of France [2] held a second. It invited 300 representatives of employers, trade unions, and regional and local authorities to take part. The second Grand Social Conference [3] was held on 20–21 June 2013.

Agreement on quality of working life and professional equality

After nine months of negotiation, an agreement has been signed by social partners in France on the quality of working life and professional equality. The deal was signed by all three of the country’s employer organisations. Three of the five union confederations put their names to the document – the

Interim report on 2013 bargaining round

In July 2013, the Institute for Economic and Social Research (WSI [1]) in Germany published its interim report (1.34 MB PDF, in German) [2] on the 2013 collective bargaining [3] round. The study was put together using data from the Collective Agreement Archive (Tarifarchiv [4]) of the Hans Böckler

Solidarity contract saves jobs at major steelworks

Ilva, which produces and processes steel, employs 14,512 people in five Italian production plants. The company’s most important production site, which employs 11,457 people, is in Taranto, Puglia, in southern Italy, and is one of the biggest steel production plants in Europe.


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 June 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 December 2020

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