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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 January 2024
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level, drawing on debates about the reduction of working time and the four-day working week.

24 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. While nominal wages picked up in 2021 and 2022, real wage growth has remained below inflation, affecting mainly low-income groups.

06 September 2023

This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain

19 July 2023

This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021–2023), ‘Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee’, mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay

30 November 2022

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

This report sets out to map and analyse legislation and collective bargaining on telework in the 27 Member States and Norway. It highlights the main cross-country differences and similarities regarding telework legislation and recent changes to these regulations. It also examines the current situati

01 September 2022

This report analyses recent developments and emerging practices in collective bargaining processes and outcomes, mainly in the private sector. The report covers collective bargaining systems in 10 EU Member States and is based on cases identified through interviews with key stakeholders and

31 August 2022

Online resources results (321)

Union opposes changes in collective labour legislation

The accession of Greece in 2010 to the Financial Stability Mechanism established by euro zone Member States, the European Central Bank (ECB [1]) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF [2]) led to a series of significant modifications to the country’s labour legislation. [1] http://www.ecb.int/home

Call to simplify tendering process and reduce business costs

Trade union leaders and business organisations met with Bulgarian Prime Minister Plamen Oresharski on 10 June 2013 to discuss problems with public procurement and tendering in the country. Unions and businesses say there are too many different types of regulatory regimes and licenses – 700 at

Pact on employment and competitiveness at Ford

The previous collective agreement between managers and workers at Ford’s manufacturing plant at Almussafes, in Spain’s Valencia region, was signed in 2007 by only one of the four unions represented on the workers’ committee, the General Workers Confederation (UGT [1]). [1] http://www.ugt.es

New hotel industry agreement 2013–2015

On 29 May 2013, trade unions and employer organisations representing hotel workers accepted the mediation proposal put forward by the Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance (MLSI [1]) and signed a new collective agreement that covers over 16,000 skilled and unskilled workers. However, around 4,000

Trade union federations announce merger plans

Before 1990, Hungary had just one trade union federation, the National Council of Trade Unions (SZOT). In 1990, political change brought the country’s first democratically elected government, and allowed more trade unions to be formed. Not only were sectoral trade unions established, but also a

Unrest in the inland navigation sector

For some time there has been unrest in Belgium over what some perceive as the neglect of the Belgian inland waterways sector. On 11 April 2013, the once-powerful organisation for inland waterway craft skippers, Ons Recht/Notre Droit, was revived for a demonstration staged at the European Parliament

‘Groundbreaking’ nuclear power agreements signed

On 5 June 2013, EDF Energy [1] signed two industrial relations agreements with trade unions and the main contractor for the construction of the planned new UK nuclear power station at Hinkley Point C in Somerset. [1] http://www.edfenergy.com

Social partners sign new national agreement

A national collective agreement signed by social partners in Greece came into effect on 1 January 2010 and expired on 31 December 2012. The agreement’s period of validity was extended pending the conclusion of a new deal, but this extension was due to expire on 15 May 2013.

New collective agreement for journalists

Negotiations in Austria between the sectoral social partners responsible for collective bargaining in the journalism sector started in 2009. The Austrian Newspaper Association (VÖZ [1]) and the Union for Salaried Employees, Journalists and Graphical Workers (GPA-djp [2]) have finally signed a new

Social dialogue committee created in the graphical sector

In 2010, European-level social partners in the print industry identified the need to further intensify their cooperation. It led to meetings between the UNI Europa Graphical and Packaging [1] group, which represents workers in the sector, and Intergraf [2] on the employers’ side. Social partners


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 June 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 December 2020

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