Ftehim

Il-ftehimiet huma r-riżultat ta' negozjar kollettiv u proċessi ta' djalogu soċjali. L-imsieħba soċjali huma mħeġġa jinnegozjaw u jikkonkludu ftehimiet kollettivi li mbagħad jistgħu jiġu implimentati fil-livell Ewropew, nazzjonali, reġjonali, settorjali jew tal-kumpaniji. Dejjem aktar il-liġijiet tax-xogħol tal-Unjoni huma ffurmati minn ftehimiet li l-partijiet jidħlu fihom volontarjament u minn mekkaniżmi ta' liġi mhux vinkolanti.

Woman and man shaking hands at business meeting

Ġdid u li ġej

Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.

Rapport ta' riċerka

Ġdid

15 December 2025

Equal value, equal pay: Concepts, mechanisms and implementation towards gender pay equity

Christine Aumayr-Pintar,

Marianna Baggio

This report presents an in-depth compilation of evidence and analysis on how the EU’s principle of equal pay for the same work and work of equal value can be implemented in practice, with a particular focus on work of equal value – thus, pay equity. According to this principle, when two jobs can be regarded as equivalent in terms of skills, effort, responsibilities and working conditions, they should be remunerated equally. But how can such equivalence be established?

Aqra aktar

Dokument ta' riċerka tal-Eurofound

18 November 2025

Taking stock: Further experiences in gender pay transparency implementation and effectiveness

Christine Aumayr-Pintar,

Marianna Baggio

Despite decades of policy efforts, the gender pay gap in the EU, while slowly decreasing, is still persistent. In 2023, the Pay Transparency Directive was adopted, with the intent of advancing existing national approaches by mandating comprehensive transparency instruments, expanding reporting requirements, reinvigorating the ‘work of equal value’ principle, and shifting the burden of proof from workers to employers in discrimination cases, among the most significant developments.

Aqra aktar

Rapport ta' riċerka

Li ġej

December 2025

Collective bargaining beyond pay: An analysis of collective agreements in selected low-paid sectors

Mária Sedláková

This report analyses and compares the content of 94 collective agreements in three low-paid sectors – manufacture of food, leather, textiles and clothes; residential and social care; and retail – across 11 EU Member States and Norway. The report examines how collective bargaining regulates working conditions beyond wages and how these topics have evolved between 2015 and 2022. The findings show that collective agreements improve the job quality of workers in low-paid sectors beyond their pay. In addition to securing higher earnings, through additional bonuses and allowances for example, agreements also provide non-monetary benefits and opportunities for career advancement. The report finds that collective agreements focus increasingly on the well-being of employees, work–life balance or special protection for both younger and older workers.

Aqra aktar

Esperti dwar Ftehim

Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew mistoqsijiet mill-midja.

Mária Sedláková

Research officer

Working life research

Mária Sedláková hija uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Ħajja tax-Xogħol fil-Eurofound. Hija responsabbli għall-abbozzar ta' rapporti ġenerali għall-istudji tar-rappreżentanza settorjali, il-ġestjoni u l-kontroll tal-kwalità tar-rappurtar nazzjonali dwar ir-relazzjonijiet industrijali, id-djalogu soċjali u l-ħajja tax-xogħol, u l-iżvilupp ta' proġett dwar in-negozjar kollettiv lil hinn mill-paga. Qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound, hija ħadmet bħala uffiċjal tar-riċerka teknika fi ħdan id-Dipartiment tal-Governanza u t-Tripartiżmu fl-Organizzazzjoni Internazzjonali tax-Xogħol f'Ġinevra fuq ir-Rapport Ewlieni tad-Djalogu Soċjali 2022. Hija ħadmet ukoll bħala riċerkatriċi fl-Istitut tal-Istudji tax-Xogħol tal-Ewropa Ċentrali fi Bratislava (2013–2020), fejn tiffoka fuq id-djalogu soċjali, in-negozjar kollettiv, il-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol u s-soċjoloġija tax-xogħol. Maria għandha MA fix-Xjenza Politika bi speċjalizzazzjoni fil-Politika Ewropea Komparattiva mill-Università tal-Ewropa Ċentrali.

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar

Senior research manager

Working life research

Christine Aumayr-Pintar hija maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Ħajja tax-Xogħol fil-Eurofound. Hija tikkoordina r-riċerka tal-Eurofound dwar id-djalogu soċjali u r-relazzjonijiet industrijali u tissorvelja n-Netwerk tal-Korrispondenti tal-Eurofound (NEC). L-għarfien espert primarju tagħha fir-riċerka – avviċinat minn perspettiva komparattiva madwar l-UE – jiffoka fuq il-pagi minimi, il-paga nnegozjata b'mod kollettiv u t-trasparenza tal-pagi bejn is-sessi. Qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound fl-2009, hija kienet riċerkatriċi tas-swieq tax-xogħol u tal-ekonomija reġjonali f'Joanneum Research fl-Awstrija. Hija kisbet Master's degree fl-Ekonomija u PhD fix-Xjenza Soċjali/Ekonomija wara li studjat l-ekonomija fi Graz, Vjenna u Jönköping.

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Il-kontenut kollu għal Ftehim

Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.

Kontenut relatat

Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut relatat mas-suġġett.

Attività

Ir-relazzjonijiet industrijali u d-djalogu soċjali

Ir-relazzjonijiet industrijali u d-djalogu soċjali huma waħda mill-attivitajiet operattivi ewlenin tal-Eurofound għall-perjodu ta' programmazzjoni 2025-2028 tagħha. Filwaqt li tibni fuq l-aħħar 50 sena ta' riċerka, il-Eurofound tkompli tiffunzjona bħala ċentru ta' għarfien espert għall-monitoraġġ u l-analiżi tal-iżviluppi fir-relazzjonijiet industrijali u d-djalogu soċjali fil-livelli Ewropej u nazzjonali u l-promozzjoni tad-djalogu bejn l-imsieħba u l-ħaddiema.