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Psychosocial risks

Psychosocial risks are aspects of the design and management of work, and its social and organisational contexts, that have the potential for causing psychological or physical harm. Work-related stress is one of the health risks most frequently identified by workers in Europe. The factors that can cause stress for workers and influence their health and well-being can be related to the following: job content; work intensity and job autonomy; working time arrangements and work–life balance; social environment, including interpersonal relationships at work and social support; job insecurity and career development. 

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From January to June 2024, Eurofound supports the work of Belgium's presidency of the Council of the EU, providing valuable research results on specific topics linked with the presidency priorities.

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European Industrial Relations Dictionary 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Sara Riso is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. She is involved in research projects in the areas of employment change and restructuring. She joined...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Oscar Vargas Llave

Oscar Vargas Llave is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and manages projects on changes in the world of work and the impact on working conditions and related...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (23)

During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and

21 May 2024

Using data from the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 and building on a theoretical model that differentiates between job stressors and job resources, this report examines key psychosocial risks in the workplace and their impact on health.

23 November 2023

The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality

07 December 2022

The fifth round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded from 25 March to 2 May 2022, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe two years after COVID-19 was first detected on the European continent. It also explores the reality of living in a new era of uncertainty caused by t

07 July 2022

A new European Disability Strategy was launched in 2021 with the aim of intensifying progress on ensuring the full participation of people with disabilities in society. The increase of EU policy focus on people with disabilities is timely: the COVID-19 pandemic magnified the challenges they faced in

21 March 2022

Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial

09 November 2021

The third round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded in February and March 2021, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe following nearly a full year of living with COVID-19 restrictions. This report analyses the main findings and tracks ongoing developments and trends a

10 May 2021

This flagship report summarises the key findings of Eurofound’s research on working conditions conducted over the programming period 2017–2020. It maps the progress achieved since 2000 in improving working conditions and examines whether all workers have benefited equally from positive change. It

26 February 2021

This report presents the findings of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, carried out by Eurofound to capture the far-reaching implications of the pandemic for the way people live and work across Europe. The survey was fielded online.

28 September 2020

In the space of just a few weeks, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus has radically transformed the lives of people around the globe. Apart from the devastating health consequences on people directly affected by the virus, the COVID-19 pandemic has had major implications for the

06 May 2020

Online resources results (233)

Impact of high job strain on health over time

The doctoral thesis on /Psychosocial job stress in relation to health/ (2007) by Els Clays from the University of Ghent, Belgium, aimed to examine the perception of psychosocial job stress in relation to health outcomes within the longitudinal Belstress (in Dutch) [1] study. In terms of methodology

Wide disparities in risk exposure and negative health outcomes

The National Surveillance System for Work Environment and Occupational Health (Nasjonal overvåking av arbeidsmiljø og -helse, NOA [1]) was established in Norway in 2006. Its first comprehensive report or fact book (in Norwegian) [2] on the status of and trends in the work environment and

ILO underlines need to promote equality at work

In May 2007, the International Labour Organization (ILO [1]) published the second Global Report on discrimination as part of the follow-up to the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work [2]. The report, entitled Equality at work: Tackling the challenges (1.7Mb PDF) [3], examines

Reduction in occupational injuries at the workplace

The Health at Work Observatory (Observatorio de Salud Laboral [1]) is a joint initiative promoted by the Trade Union Institute for Labour, Health and Social Affairs (Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud, Istas [2]), the Mutual Insurance Group (Unión de Mutuas [3]) and the Pompeu Fabra

Survey highlights rise in psychosocial demands at work

The National Research Centre for the Working Environment, formerly the National Institute of Occupational Health, has conducted the fourth Danish Work Environment Cohort Study (DWECS) covering the five-year period 2000–2005. The 2005 results indicate no clear trend of overall better or worse

Workers in contact with public more exposed to aggression

In 2003, some 70.9% of employees – representing 63% of male employees and 80% of female employees – reported working in contact with customers, clients, patients, students or other members of the public. This total compared with 63.3% of employees in 1994 when the previous SUMER (/Surveillance

New tools to monitor occupational health hazards

The French Institute for Health Surveillance (Institut de veille sanitaire, InVS [1]) is a governmental organisation reporting to the Ministry of Health, Youth and Sport (Ministère de la santé, de la Jeunesse et des Sports [2]). Over the past 10 years, InVS has developed a comprehensive programme of

Working conditions in corporate consultancy

Corporate consultancy is a typical field of so-called post-Taylorist work forms. Despite its economic importance today, not much evidence exists concerning the working conditions in the sector. In 2005 and 2006, the Working Life Research Centre (Forschungs- und Beratungsstelle Arbeitswelt, FORBA [1]

Stress prevention initiatives need to be evaluated

In Denmark, stress has a high priority status on the public agenda. Much research has been carried out and it is estimated that about 10%–12% of the employees are seriously stressed (DK0704019I [1]). Despite the issue of stress becoming an increased problem among employees, no national strategy has

School-to-work transition of young people

In October 2006, the Employment and Training Corporation (ETC [1]) published a report (876Kb PDF) [2] on how young people in Malta deal with the transition from school to employment. The report is based on several sources, including a survey carried out among 497 young people who have undergone the


Blogs results (5)
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'Women belong in all the places where decisions are made', to borrow from the late Ruth Bader Ginsburg. These decisions are made everywhere and at every level: in the home and at the workplace; in the boardroom and on the shop floor. Which is why it is of such serious concern to see the ongoing deep

8 March 2023
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Women and frontline workers are most exposed to the risks of adverse social behaviour at work, such as burnout, exhaustion, anxiety and depression. This is according to the European Working Conditions Telephone Survey 2021 (EWCTS). In this data story, we dive into EWCTS data (EU27) to examine the

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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 January 2023
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Lower levels of health, increasing financial pressure and a significant degree of unmet healthcare: these are the findings of the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty – a report that presents an overview of responses from over 200,000 people

6 October 2022
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​​​​​​​While women appear to be more resilient than men to COVID-19 in terms of health outcomes, that is not the case when it comes to the economic and social fallout. Measures taken by governments to control the spread of the virus are exacerbating gender divides in unemployment, domestic labour

Upcoming publications results (1)

Over the last decade, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way employees work and communicate with each other. Despite the many benefits of digitalisation of work, the widespread access to digital devices in working life provides an alternative medium for new forms of a

September 2024

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