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Plače in dohodki

Plače in dohodki so ključnega pomena za odnose med delodajalci in delojemalci ter kakovost življenja. To vprašanje je na ravni EU deležno še večje pozornosti zaradi sprememb v gospodarstvu in družbi na splošno, ki jih je povzročila kriza.

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Recent updates

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In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps...

Podcast
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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Januar 2024
Publication
Research report

EU context

Evropski steber socialnih pravic določa zaveze EU glede plač: pravico delavcev do pravičnih plač, ki zagotavljajo dostojen življenjski standard, zagotavljanje primerne minimalne plače ter preprečevanje revščine zaposlenih.

Delo Eurofounda

Eurofound redno poroča o različnih vidikih plač in dohodkov glede na spreminjajoče se gospodarske razmere v Evropi.

Spremljanje plač

Eurofound prek Evropske opazovalnice delovnega življenja (EurWORK) zbira različne informacije o plačah. Redno poročanje zagotavlja obsežnejše ugotovitve o plačah, določenih s kolektivnimi pogodbami, kar omogoča spremljanje trendov. Eurofound redno objavlja aktualne informacije o zakonsko določenih minimalnih plačah in plačah, določenih s kolektivnimi pogodbami. Poleg tega spremlja razvoj na nacionalni ravni v zvezi z mehanizmi določanja plač, enakim plačilom, variabilnim delom plače, nizkimi plačami in razlikami v plačilu med spoloma.

Profili držav glede delovnega življenja vsebujejo informacije o plačah na nacionalni ravni in se redno posodabljajo. EurWORK vzdržuje dve zbirki podatkov o plačah (glej vire v nadaljevanju).

Eurofoundov evropski center za spremljanje delovnih mest (EJM) ocenjuje spremembe v zaposlovanju po delovnih mestih v skladu z različnimi kvalitativnimi ukrepi, vključno s plačo. Zlasti prispeva k našemu poznavanju pojava polarizacije zaposlovanja – obseg, v katerem bo rast zaposlovanja verjetno večja na vrhu in dnu porazdelitve plač kot na sredini.

Podatki iz raziskave

V okviru Eurofoundovih raziskav se spremljajo tudi plačilni pogoji v EU. Plače so v središču Eurofoundovih raziskav pri ocenjevanju kakovosti delovnih mest. V evropski raziskavi o delovnih razmerah (EWCS) so plače eden od sedmih kazalnikov kakovosti delovnih mest. V raziskavi je omenjena tudi razlika v plačilu med spoloma. Spoznajte interaktivno orodje za ponazoritev podatkov iz raziskav EWCS.

V okviru evropske raziskave o kakovosti življenja (EQLS) se spremljajo vpliv dohodka na življenjske standarde in povezave med neenakostjo dohodkov ter socialno kohezijo in dobrim počutjem. Analizira vpliv krize na družine, pri čemer se upoštevajo družine z nizkimi dohodki, zadolženost gospodinjstev in skupine, ki jim grozi revščina. V okviru raziskave EQLS se zbirajo tudi informacije o dohodkih v pokoju in možnostih za podaljšanje delovne dobe. Spoznajte interaktivno orodje za ponazoritev podatkov iz raziskav EQLS.

V evropski raziskavi podjetij (ECS) sta zajeta uporaba sistemov variabilnega dela plač v organizacijah in vključenost zaposlenih v take organizacije na podlagi kolektivnih pogodb o plačah. Raziskava omogoča povezavo informacij o variabilnem delu plač in pogajanjih o plačah z informacijami o organizaciji dela, upravljanju človeških virov, neposredni udeležbi zaposlenih in socialnem dialogu, pa tudi z uspešnostjo in dobrim počutjem na delovnem mestu.

Key outputs

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Letni pregled minimalnih plač za leto 2023 je bil pripravljen v okoliščinah inflacije, kakršnih doslej v Evropi še ni bilo. To je v številnih državah povzročilo močno zvišanje stopenj nominalnih...

29 Junij 2023
Publication
Research report
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Pandemija covida-19 je različno vplivala na družbene skupine, odvisno od obstoječih pomanjkljivosti, zato je bilo splošno prepričanje, da je povzročila povečanje neenakosti na različnih področjih življenja. To poročilo z uporabo...

24 Januar 2023
Publication
Research report
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V tem poročilu je preučena porazdelitev premoženja med gospodinjstvi v državah članicah EU in analiziran pomen premoženja za družbeno gibljivost. Uporabljeni so podatki iz treh naborov (raziskave o finančnih sredstvih...

30 Marec 2021
Publication
Research report

Current and ongoing research

 

 

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
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Carlos Vacas Soriano is a research manager in the Employment unit at Eurofound. He works on topics related to wage and income inequalities, minimum wages, low pay, job quality...

Research manager,
Employment research unit
Publications results (123)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

The urban-rural divide in EU countries has grown in recent years, and the depopulation of certain rural areas in favour of cities is a challenge when it comes to promoting economic development and maintaining social cohesion and convergence.

18 October 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

Letni pregled minimalnih plač za leto 2023 je bil pripravljen v okoliščinah inflacije, kakršnih doslej v Evropi še ni bilo. To je v številnih državah povzročilo močno zvišanje stopenj nominalnih plač, kar pa v mnogih primerih ni bilo dovolj za ohranitev kupne moči delavcev. To poročilo na podlagi

29 June 2023

Problematika cenovne nedostopnosti stanovanj je v EU zelo zaskrbljujoča. Vodi do brezdomstva, stanovanjske negotovosti, finančne preobremenjenosti in neustreznih stanovanjskih razmer. Poleg tega mladim preprečuje, da bi zapustili dom staršev. Te težave vplivajo na zdravje in dobro počutje ljudi

30 May 2023

Pandemija covida-19 je različno vplivala na družbene skupine, odvisno od obstoječih pomanjkljivosti, zato je bilo splošno prepričanje, da je povzročila povečanje neenakosti na različnih področjih življenja. To poročilo z uporabo kazalnikov iz večdimenzionalnega okvira za spremljanje neenakosti (MIMF

24 January 2023

To poročilo je pripravljeno v okviru triletnega pilotnega projekta (2021–2023) Vloga minimalne plače pri uvedbi univerzalnega jamstva za delo, ki ga je Evropska komisija poverila Eurofoundu. Poročilo se osredotoča na modul 3 projekta, v okviru katerega se raziskujejo minimalne plače in druge oblike

30 November 2022

The EU Presidency of Czechia organised a high-level conference in October 2022 on ‘Tackling energy poverty: EU approach & sharing best practices’. The event aimed to bring different actors together in order to strengthen the dialogue on possible solutions on how to further tackle energy poverty in

28 October 2022

In collecting information on essential services, the European Commission requested Eurofound to provide input on certain aspects of existing and planned measures in the Member States to improve access to essential services in reference to Principle 20 of the European Pillar of Social Rights. For

07 September 2022

Potem ko so bile minimalne plače za leto 2021 določene z dobršno mero previdnosti, so se v letu 2022 njihovi nominalni zneski bistveno povišali, saj so se negativne posledice pandemije umirile, gospodarstva in trgi dela pa so si opomogli. Minimalne plače je dvignilo 20 od 21 držav članic EU, ki

15 June 2022

Online resources results (888)

In this special episode of Eurofound Talks for International Women's Day 2024, Mary McCaughey speaks with Eurofound researchers Carlos Vacas and Barbara Gerstenberger about the gender pay and employment gaps in Europe.

4 Marec 2024

Working life in Moldova

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Moldova in recognition of its new status as an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Moldova’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a ba

Working life in Georgia

Eurofound and the European Training Foundation have developed the first working life country profile for Georgia, which is an EU candidate country. The profile is intended to provide an overview of Georgia’s key socioeconomic characteristics and regulations to serve as a background for its work t

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Minimum wages in Belgium

Minimum wages in Belgium exist at national and sectoral levels and are the outcome of collective bargaining. The national minimum wage typically lags behind sectoral minimum wages in Belgium, and policymakers have been concerned about the relative decrease in the national minimum wage compared with

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Cyprus introduces a national statutory minimum wage

On 31 August 2022, a new decree on minimum wages was published in Cyprus after a long and arduous process of negotiations and social dialogue. The ministerial decree, which came into effect on 1 January 2023, established a national minimum wage in Cyprus for the first time, a groundbreaking and

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Minimum wage debate in Italy

Italy has no minimum wage prescribed by law. Minimum wages are set through collective agreements at sectoral level, and the majority of employees in Italy are covered by a collective bargaining agreement in which wages are set. This article outlines the latest positions (2023) of the government and

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Minimum wage hikes struggle to offset inflation

As the EU economy advanced its recovery following the pandemic, the high rate of inflation throughout 2022 meant that wage setting actors made their decisions under a cloud of uncertainty. While nominal increases in statutory minimum wages reached an all-time high, minimum wage workers in most count

The rise in cost of living and energy poverty: Social impact and policy responses. 14 October 2022, Informal Meeting of Employment and Social Affairs Ministers (EPSCO). Presentation by Ivailo Kalfin, Executive Director, Eurofound.

14 Oktober 2022
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First responses to cushion the impact of inflation on citizens

Although the worldwide pandemic situation had already disrupted supply chains and triggered increases in energy and food prices in 2021, the situation deteriorated in 2022 with the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Governments throughout the EU had already started to intervene with policy measures in a


Blogs results (21)
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The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way we live and work. With the lifting of restrictions across the globe, we are now able to examine the many repercussions on the world of work. In particular, the unique demands of the last few years have shone a harsh spotlight on the pressures brought to bear

17 Januar 2023
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Rising energy prices are putting more people under increased financial pressure and at greater risk of energy poverty. In this data story, we take a closer look at the data from the fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey to explore the extent of the issue and the threat of energy

3 Avgust 2022
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Junij 2022
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While the number of employees earning the minimum wage has increased across Europe over the last decade, spurred by significant minimum wage hikes, a clear gender divide emerges, with minimum wage earners more likely to be women. Minimum wage earners are also more likely to live in materially

26 Oktober 2021
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With its proposed directive on gender pay transparency, the European Commission has significantly bolstered the set of tools for delivering its objectives compared to those presented in its 2014 Recommendation. The proposed portfolio of measures addresses many shortcomings of the instruments that

18 Junij 2021
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Decision-makers approached minimum wage setting for 2021 cautiously due to the economic uncertainty caused by the pandemic. Despite this, nominal statutory minimum wages rose in most Member States and the UK, although at lower rates than in recent years.

8 Junij 2021
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The pandemic has had differential impacts on women. Raised consciousness about them must be applied to advance gender equality in recovery measures. All crises have a strongly gendered impact and none more so than the current pandemic, across a range of indicators. While the virus itself seems to

28 April 2021
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​​​​​​​To date, close to six million workers in the EU have lost their jobs due to COVID-19. Many businesses have closed their doors forever or been pushed to the brink, bringing severe financial and psychological hardship to the individuals and families affected. However, the toll of the pandemic

9 Februar 2021
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Following a sluggish response by many Member States to introduce or modify gender pay transparency measures, as it recommended in 2014, the European Commission intends to table a proposal for EU-level legislation on pay transparency later in 2020. In this context, a new Eurofound study investigated

6 November 2020

Upcoming publications results (2)

The 2024 annual review of minimum wages presents the most recent rates of national minimum wages and recalls how they were set and agreed upon during 2023. It includes information on minimum wages set in sectoral collective agreements in countries without national minimum wages.

August 2024

The report maps trends in income inequality and examines the situation of the middle classes in the EU during 2020, the year most associated with the COVID-19 lockdowns. It charts developments in the size and composition of middle-class households across countries, identifies those that suffered dis

July 2024
Data results (4)

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