Životní podmínky
Životní podmínky jsou okolnosti nebo faktory ovlivňující způsob života lidí, zejména s ohledem na jejich blahobyt. Pojem "životní podmínky" úzce souvisí s pojmem "kvalita života". To druhé je míra, do jaké je jedinec zdravý, v pohodě a schopný účastnit se životních událostí nebo si je užívat. Termín "kvalita života" pak může odkazovat jak na zkušenost, kterou má jedinec se svým vlastním životem, tak na životní podmínky, ve kterých se jednotlivci nacházejí.
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O tématu Životní podmínky
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Hlavní body pro Životní podmínky
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19 December 2023
Intergenerational inequalities: How to close the gaps?
The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of social protection and housing – in some cases have benefited certain age groups over others. The upshot both of crises and of policies is that inequalities between the generations have widened in important areas.
This policy brief examines some of the intergenerational social trends that either were persistent or changed considerably over the last decade and a half, sometimes contrary to expectations. It focuses on significant developments that have received somewhat less attention in policy planning in the areas of income, housing, work and employment, and health. The intention is to develop a clearer sense of the direction of social change and bring medium- and long-term perspectives into policy thinking.
17 October 2023
Bridging the rural-urban divide: Addressing inequalities and empowering communities
The Treaty of Lisbon established territorial cohesion as the third dimension of European cohesion. Despite the high priority given in policy to achieving geographically balanced economic development, gaps in living conditions still exist between rural and urban areas. In some cases, these gaps are growing. This report documents rural–urban differences in social, political, cultural and economic outcomes. These differences may pose a serious threat to social cohesion in Europe. Indeed, this report finds that rural residents more often perceive themselves as disregarded by governments and have lower levels of trust in governments and institutions than urban residents. Moreover, public service provision in rural areas is poorer than in urban areas, and gaps in provision are continually emerging. To ensure a bright future for all areas, innovative solutions to combat economic decline must be found. This report outlines creative solutions that are being deployed across Member States to provide services in remote areas.
20 September 2023
Guaranteeing access to services for children in the EU
The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing. This is done using a convergence analysis, which tracks whether Member States are improving in respect of specific performance indicators and whether disparities between them are expanding or narrowing. The analysis, where possible, also looks at the differences between urban and rural areas and between children living in households with different levels of income and risk of social exclusion. The indicators chosen for analysis highlight the links between the Guarantee, the European Semester and the Social Scoreboard.
7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
6 July 2022
Fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty
The fifth round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded from 25 March to 2 May 2022, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe two years after COVID-19 was first detected on the European continent. It also explores the reality of living in a new era of uncertainty caused by the war in Ukraine, inflation, and rising energy prices.
The findings of the e-survey reveal the heavy toll of the pandemic, with respondents reporting lower trust in institutions than at the start of the pandemic, poorer mental well-being, a rise in the level of unmet healthcare needs and an increase in the number of households experiencing energy poverty.
30 March 2021
Wealth distribution and social mobility
This report explores the distribution of household wealth in the EU Member States and analyses the role of wealth in social mobility. Using data from three datasets (the Household Finance and Consumption Survey, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and the Luxembourg Wealth Study), it focuses on wealth per household member. Wealth composition is compared across social groups and countries, and the role of housing assets in wealth distribution and negative wealth is assessed. The findings show that parental background, including parental wealth, has an impact on educational and wealth mobility. In order to promote equality of opportunities in terms of access to education and housing, the impact of wealth inequalities, including differences in parental wealth, should be counterbalanced. The report also suggests that regularising wealth declaration in the EU could be a way of promoting social justice by minimising hidden wealth and combating tax evasion.
Odborníci na Životní podmínky
Výzkumní pracovníci agentury Eurofound poskytují odborné informace a lze je kontaktovat s dotazy nebo mediálními požadavky.
Sanna Nivakoski
Research officerSanna Nivakoski je výzkumnou pracovnicí v oddělení pro sociální politiku nadace Eurofound. Před nástupem do nadace Eurofound v roce 2021 pracovala jako postdoktorandská výzkumná pracovnice na Gearyho institutu pro veřejnou politiku při University College Dublin, v Institutu pro ekonomický a sociální výzkum v Dublinu a na Royal College of Surgeons v Irsku. Pracovala v mnoha oblastech výzkumu v mikroekonomii, včetně důchodového příjmu a bohatství, penzijního spoření, mezigeneračních transferů a finančního dopadu ovdovění. Sanna je držitelkou doktorátu z ekonomie na Trinity College v Dublinu.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor je vedoucí výzkumnou manažerkou v oddělení sociální politiky nadace Eurofound. Má odborné znalosti v oblasti metodologie průzkumů a statistické analýzy, pracovala na přípravě a řízení průzkumu kvality života v Evropě a naposledy elektronického průzkumu Život, práce a COVID-19 a je zodpovědná za kvalitu datových souborů. Jejími výzkumnými oblastmi jsou well-being mládeže a kvalita života v domácnostech a rodinách, včetně subjektivní well-being, rovnováha mezi pracovním a soukromým životem a životní podmínky. Dříve pracovala jako ekonomická konzultantka ve Skotsku, kde se zaměřovala na hodnocení ekonomických dopadů, hodnocení a analýzu vstupů a výstupů. Má magisterský titul v oboru ekonomie a mezinárodních vztahů na Korvínově univerzitě v Budapešti.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois je vedoucím výzkumným pracovníkem v oddělení sociálních politik nadace Eurofound. Mezi jeho výzkumná témata patří bydlení, předlužení, zdravotní péče, dlouhodobá péče, sociální dávky, důchod a kvalita života v místní oblasti. Před nástupem do nadace Eurofound působil jako odborný asistent na Kozminského univerzitě ve Varšavě. Získal doktorát v oboru Business Administration and Management na Bocconiho univerzitě (Milán) poté, co pracoval jako výzkumný pracovník na Evropské observatoři zdravotnických systémů a politik (Madrid).
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