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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Eanáir 2024
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

This article discusses developments in collectively agreed wages in the European Union in 2016, putting them into the perspective of developments over the past 15 years. The tendency for growth in both nominal and real collectively agreed wages from 2015 continued. In two countries (Belgium and

25 July 2017

This report describes the developments in collectively agreed pay in the EU Member States in 2014 and compares them to developments in previous years. While growth in collectively agreed pay in nominal terms declined, the declining growth of prices resulted in real collectively agreed pay increasing

05 August 2015

The average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union of 38.1 hours did not change between 2013 and 2014. In both years, the working week also remained, on average, 30 minutes shorter than the EU28 average in the EU15 Member States, and more than 90 minutes longer in the more

16 July 2015

In 2013, the average collective agreed weekly working time in the European Union was 38.1 hours, the same as in 2012. However, the working week was, on average, 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 Member States, and more than 90 minutes longer in the more recent Member States. If the

23 June 2014

The available national data reveal that average nominal collectively agreed pay increases in 2013 were roughly the same as or lower than those in 2012 in all the countries examined. However, because of lower inflation rates, employees in a number of countries saw the purchasing power of their wages

12 June 2014

EIRO’s annual analysis of collectively agreed pay for 2012 finds that although average nominal agreed increases were slightly greater than in 2011 in many countries, the rise in prices diminished people’s purchasing power. In real terms, only a handful of countries had positive collective pay

09 July 2013

In 2012, average collectively agreed weekly working time in the European Union, including Croatia, stood at 38.1 hours, the same as for the EU27 in 2011. The working week was on average 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 countries and over 1 hour and 30 minutes longer in the new Member States

25 June 2013

According to EIRO’s annual analysis of pay trends, average collective agreed nominal pay increases in 2011 did not differ greatly from 2010 in most of the 13 countries with available data. Most variations ranged between 0.1 and 0.4 percentage points, except for Belgium with the highest growth in

08 October 2012

In 2011, average collective agreed weekly working time in the European Union stood at 38.1 hours. The working week was on average 30 minutes shorter in the pre-2004 EU15 countries and over 1 hour and 30 minutes longer in the new Member States. Agreed normal annual working time averages nearly 1,720

15 August 2012

EIRO’s annual analysis of pay trends for 2010 finds that average collectively agreed nominal wage increases were lower than in 2009 in almost all 13 countries with available data, with Malta being the exception. The highest reductions in nominal pay increases were in Slovakia (5.5% in 2009 to 2.2%

16 October 2011

Online resources results (321)

Social partners agree on changes to Labour Code and Social Security Code

Government ministers found that, when making redundancies, they had to pay out large, additional and unforeseen amounts to people who had accumulated a great deal of annual leave over many years. Businesses, on a slightly smaller scale, were also facing this problem. To solve it, ministers amended

Interim report on 2010 bargaining round

In July 2010, the Collective Agreement Archive (Tarifarchiv [1]) of the Institute for Economic and Social Research (Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut, WSI [2]) within the Hans Böckler Foundation (Hans-Böckler-Stiftung, HBS [3]) published its interim report (in German) [4] on the

Croke Park deal delivers cost containment and promises major change in public sector

In June, the Public Services Committee of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU [1]) backed what has become known as the ‘Croke Park’ agreement, by 1,894 delegate votes to 986. The agreement, negotiated at Croke Park, Ireland’s premier sports stadium, means a four-year pay freeze, and commitments

New collective agreement concluded in chemicals industry

On 21 April 2010, the Mining, Chemicals and Energy Industrial Union (IG BCE [1]) and the German Federation of Chemicals Employers’ Associations (BAVC [2]) announced in a press article (in German) [3] the conclusion of a new collective agreement in the sector. It runs for 11 months and will cover 550

Tension in hotel trade over renewal of pay agreement

The labour agreement for the hotel trade covers over 16,000 skilled and unskilled workers. There have been increasing delays in the agreement’s renewal over the past 10 years, due to the two sides being able to reach agreement only after mediation. The previous agreement, which officially expired on

New agreements pave the way to tackle social dumping

Private sector wage agreements in the early spring of 2010 were signed in Denmark in the wake of the global economic crisis and were predicted to be low-cost settlements in favour of the employers in order to sustain the competitiveness of companies. It was anticipated that wage increases would be

Volkswagen Slovakia increases wages by 3%

The automotive industry in Slovakia is producing new models after overcoming the recent downturn. Volkswagen Slovakia, based in Bratislava, has brought out an improved version of the 4WD Touareg and is preparing to produce a new small family car in 2011. Employees’ wages were kept down by the

New agreements concluded in key private sector accord areas

In the spring of 2010, the biennial collective agreements in Norwegian working life were due to be renegotiated. This year, the private sector wage settlement was to be carried out as an industry-level settlement – in other words, all of the private sector collective agreements are to be negotiated

EU social partners reach agreement on inclusive labour market

On 25 March 2010, the EU-level cross-sector social partners presented a joint autonomous framework agreement (863Kb PDF) [1] on inclusive labour markets. The parties involved included the European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC [2]), the European Centre of Enterprises with Public Participation and

Largest employer organisation in industry leaves industrial agreement

In 1996, the Swedish government advised the social partners at sectoral level to propose, by the end of March 1997, a new framework for wage setting and negotiations within industry. The purpose of this new framework was to ensure a better functioning of the wage negotiations that would be more in


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Meitheamh 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 Nollaig 2020

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