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Employee representation

Employee representation may be defined as the right of employees to seek a union or individual to represent them for the purpose of negotiating with management on such issues as wages, hours, benefits and working conditions. In the workplace, workers may be represented by trade union and through works councils – or similar structures elected by all employees. EU law has established rights and obligations for employees and their representatives to be informed and consulted via a set of directives that provide for the information and consultation of the workers, at both national and international level.

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (74)

This issue of Foundation Focus considers the impact of globalisation on relocation, social dialogue, measures to support those who lose out and integration of migrants, based on Eurofound research findings in these areas. The aim of each issue of the series is to explore a subject of social and

27 May 2008

This report focuses on the role that EWCs play in influencing the handling of transnational restructuring. It analyses EWC agreements and relevant joint texts to assess how well equipped EWCs are to address the issue of restructuring. It looks at the kind of input EWCs make in practice and

09 January 2007

In September 1994, the Council of Ministers decided on a Directive on the establishment of a European Works Council for the purposes of informing and consulting employees (94/45/EC). The emergence of European Works Councils (EWCs) is a major part of the development of an industrial relations system

14 September 2005

The aim of this report is to provide a brief overview of the regulation and practice of information, consultation and other forms of employee involvement in the EU15 Member States plus Norway.

01 March 2005

Online resources results (298)

Industrial relations landscape to change after review

In 2010–2011, social partners in Bulgaria began discussions on new criteria for representation at national level on the country’s tripartite council. The council brings together social partners from employer organisations and unions to discuss a range of national issues with the government.

Trade unions file complaint with ILO against courts

Members of Poland’s two biggest trade unions at LOT Aircraft Maintenance Services (LOT AMS [1]), NSZZ Solidarność [2] and the Trade Union of Airport Ground Staff (ZZNPL [3]), part of the All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions (OPZZ [4]), went on strike on 18 March 2012. [1] http://lotams.com/en [2]

Agreement eases tension at Flamanville nuclear site

Agreement has been reached at the territorial level of the Département of Seine-Maritime on working conditions at the nuclear reactor construction site of Flamanville. French energy giant EDF [1] is building the reactor, and the new agreement is intended to improve the provision of information, work

New labour dispute resolution system

In Lithuania, a two-level procedure for Individual Labour Dispute (ILD) resolution existed. It provided for the hearing of individual labour disputes by a special Labour Disputes Commission at company level and in the courts. This was seen as unsatisfactory to both employers and employees, and was

Grand conference to launch new government’s social reform strategy

During the French election campaign, the attitude of socialist candidate François Hollande towards relations with trade unions and business leaders, indicating that he would respect their autonomy, set him apart from Nicolas Sarkozy, his competitor for the Presidency.

Sharp rise in applications for union recognition

Employers in the UK are obliged to grant trade union recognition for collective bargaining if the union successfully applies to the independent Central Arbitration Committee (CAC [1]) under a statutory procedure introduced in 2000 (*UK0007183F* [2]). [1] http://www.cac.gov.uk [2] www.eurofound

GDF Suez signs Europe-wide agreement on gender equality

Based in France, GDF Suez [1] is an electricity, gas and energy environmental services group with 219,000 employees worldwide, around 191,000 of them in Europe. It was created in 2008 by the merger of GDF and Suez (*FR0808029I* [2]). [1] http://www.gdfsuez.com/ [2] www.eurofound.europa.eu/ef

Company-level employment contracts trigger wages drop

A report issued by the Labour Inspectorate (SEPE [1]) on developments in employment contracts during the first four months of 2012 showed that 46% of new contracts in the private sector were for flexible forms of work such as part-time work and work rotation. [1] http://www.ypakp.gr/

Workers increasingly excluded from bargaining model

A new anthology entitled Insiders and outsiders – the scope of the Danish bargaining model (in Danish) [1] draws on a series of studies carried out by scholars at the University of Copenhagen’s Employment Relations Research Centre (FAOS [2]). It explores the impact of union membership and collective

Temporary agency workers granted national minimum wage

On 20 December 2011, Germany’s Federal Cabinet agreed to include the temporary agency work sector in the Posted Workers Act (AEntG [1]) so that the minimum hourly wage scale (in German, 37Kb PDF) [2] could apply to these workers. The Posted Workers Act stipulates that minimum wages can only be


Blogs results (1)
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Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

20 studenog 2019
Data results (1)
24 listopada 2023
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