Kundizzjonijiet ta' għajxien
Il-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien huma ċ-ċirkostanzi jew il-fatturi li jaffettwaw il-mod kif jgħixu n-nies, b'mod partikolari fir-rigward tal-benesseri tagħhom. It-terminu "kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien" huwa relatat mill-qrib ma' dak ta' "kwalità tal-ħajja". Dan tal-aħħar huwa l-grad sa fejn individwu huwa b'saħħtu, komdu u kapaċi jipparteċipa jew igawdi avvenimenti tal-ħajja. It-terminu "kwalità tal-ħajja" jista' jirreferi kemm għall-esperjenza li individwu għandu ta' ħajtu stess kif ukoll għall-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien li fihom jinsabu l-individwi.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Mappjar tal-politika pubblika ta' mġiba ħadra fl-UE
Dan il-karta mappja kemm l-Istati Membri bnew il-kapaċità biex jiżviluppaw u jimplimentaw dawn il-politiki infurmati mill-imġiba. Isib differenzi sostanzjali madwar l-UE, b'mudell inkwetanti: il-pajjiżi taħt l-akbar pressjoni ta' transizzjoni spiss huma l-inqas mgħammra biex jiddisinjaw politiki ċentrati fuq il-bniedem li jħaffu l-istorja.L-Ewropej huma lesti għall-bidla fil-klima?
Hekk kif il-kriżi tal-klima qed tiżdied, l-Ewropa hija lesta għas-sħana? F'dan l-episodju ta' Eurofound Talks, Mary McCaughey tesplora l-qbid tal-kiri u l-kriżi dejjem tikber tal-affordabbiltà flimkien ma' esperti mill-EEA u Eurofound. Minkejja li 80% tal-Ewropej iħossu l-impatt tat-temp estrem, 38% li huma impressjonanti ma jistgħux jaffordjaw li jżommu djarhom kiesħa. Mill-riskju ta' "rinnovazzjonijiet" sa differenzi reġjonali fil-preparazzjoni, id-diskussjoni tgħaqqad il-vojt bejn l-ambizzjonijiet ekoloġiċi tal-UE u r-realtà ħarxa tal-familji. Skopri għaliex l-għarfien individwali mhuwiex biżżejjed u x'azzjonijiet kollettivi ta' politika huma meħtieġa biex jipproteġu lill-vulnerabbli.Tkabbir mingħajr reżiljenza: il-frattura soċjali moħbija fl-Ewropa
Stħarriġ riċenti tal-UE juri l-firda bejn id-dejta ekonomika ewlenija u r-realtà finanzjarja li qed jiffaċċjaw id-djar madwar l-Ewropa.Parti mir-rwol ewlieni tal-Eurofound huwa li tikkontribwixxi għall-ippjanar u t-tfassil ta' kundizzjonijiet ta' għajxien aħjar fl-Ewropa. Mill-1975 'l hawn, il-Eurofound żviluppat programm ta' attivitajiet dwar il-monitoraġġ u l-analiżi tal-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien u l-kwalità tal-ħajja fl-Ewropa. Ir-riċerka tinvolvi l-immappjar u l-analiżi tal-elementi ewlenin għat-titjib tal-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien tan-nies, inkluża informazzjoni dwar il-perċezzjoni tagħhom tal-kwalità tal-ħajja u s-soċjetà. Is-sejbiet tar-riċerka għandhom l-għan li jinfurmaw il-ħolqien ta' politiki li jtejbu l-istandards tal-għajxien u jippromwovu l-koeżjoni soċjali fid-dawl tad-disparitajiet ekonomiċi u l-inugwaljanzi soċjali.
Minħabba l-kriżi tas-saħħa u l-kriżi ekonomika sussegwenti wara l-pandemija tal-COVID-19, l-istudju tal-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien u l-kwalità tal-ħajja kiseb saħansitra aktar importanza. Il-Eurofound jinvestiga l-impatt tal-kriżi ekonomika fuq il-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien tal-Ewropej fi stadji differenti tal-ħajja u r-rwol li għandhom diversi inizjattivi implimentati biex itaffu t-tbatija soċjali ta' diversi gruppi ta' ċittadini. L-Aġenzija se tkompli tissorvelja x-xejriet f'dan il-qasam fid-dawl ta' din l-isfida ġdida.
Il-konverġenza soċjali 'l fuq, jiġifieri t-titjib tal-istandards tal-għajxien, il-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol u r-riżultati ekonomiċi madwar l-Istati Membri, hija għan ewlieni tal-UE. Il-monitoraġġ u l-immappjar tal-evoluzzjoni tal-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien u l-kwalità tal-ħajja fl-Istati Membri tal-UE huma għalhekk prijorità.
Il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali, ipproklamat b'mod konġunt mill-istituzzjonijiet tal-UE f'Novembru 2017, ikopri 20 prinċipju taħt tliet oqsma ewlenin: opportunitajiet indaqs u aċċess għas-suq tax-xogħol, li jinkludi l-ġustizzja relatata mal-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien u l-faqar; kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol ġusti; il-protezzjoni soċjali u l-inklużjoni, li tinkludi l-akkomodazzjoni u l-assistenza għal dawk bla dar. B'mod partikolari, il-prinċipji jenfasizzaw ir-rwol tas-servizzi pubbliċi fit-titjib tal-kwalità tal-ħajja.
F'Marzu 2021, il-Kummissjoni Ewropea nediet il-Pjan ta' Azzjoni biex tbiddel l-20 prinċipju tal-Pilastru f'azzjonijiet konkreti li jibbenefikaw liċ-ċittadini tal-UE fil-ħajja tagħhom ta' kuljum, u tipproponi miri ewlenin li l-UE għandha tilħaq matul l-għaxar snin li ġejjin. Mira ambizzjuża ġdida li mill-inqas 15-il miljun persuna joħorġu mir-riskju tal-faqar jew l-esklużjoni soċjali sal-2030 tpoġġi l-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien u l-istandards tal-għajxien fuq livell għoli fuq l-aġenda tal-politika soċjali. Il-Pilastru huwa akkumpanjat mit-Tabella ta' Valutazzjoni Soċjali – lista ta' indikaturi għall-monitoraġġ tal-progress lejn l-implimentazzjoni ta' dawn il-prinċipji fl-Istati Membri.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea stabbilixxiet sett ta' statistika dwar il-kwalità tal-ħajja u nediet l-Istatistika tal-UE dwar id-Dħul u l-Kundizzjonijiet tal-Għajxien (EU-SILCopens in new tab) fl-2003. L-EU-SILC tiġbor dejta komparattiva dwar id-dħul, il-faqar, l-esklużjoni soċjali, il-kundizzjonijiet tal-akkomodazzjoni, ix-xogħol, l-edukazzjoni u s-saħħa.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Il-Pjan ta' Azzjoni għall-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjaliopens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali f'20 prinċipjuopens in new tab
Eurostat: Il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali – Tabella ta' Valutazzjoniopens in new tab
Kummissjoni Ewropea: L-istatistika tal-Unjoni Ewropea dwar id-dħul u l-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien - Eurostatopens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
19 December 2023
Intergenerational inequalities: How to close the gaps?
The various economic and social shocks of the past decade and a half – most recently the COVID-19 pandemic – have ongoing consequences for the living standards and prospects of Europeans, and sometimes these outcomes have been uneven across age groups. Social policies – such as those in the areas of social protection and housing – in some cases have benefited certain age groups over others. The upshot both of crises and of policies is that inequalities between the generations have widened in important areas.
This policy brief examines some of the intergenerational social trends that either were persistent or changed considerably over the last decade and a half, sometimes contrary to expectations. It focuses on significant developments that have received somewhat less attention in policy planning in the areas of income, housing, work and employment, and health. The intention is to develop a clearer sense of the direction of social change and bring medium- and long-term perspectives into policy thinking.
17 October 2023
Bridging the rural-urban divide: Addressing inequalities and empowering communities
The Treaty of Lisbon established territorial cohesion as the third dimension of European cohesion. Despite the high priority given in policy to achieving geographically balanced economic development, gaps in living conditions still exist between rural and urban areas. In some cases, these gaps are growing. This report documents rural–urban differences in social, political, cultural and economic outcomes. These differences may pose a serious threat to social cohesion in Europe. Indeed, this report finds that rural residents more often perceive themselves as disregarded by governments and have lower levels of trust in governments and institutions than urban residents. Moreover, public service provision in rural areas is poorer than in urban areas, and gaps in provision are continually emerging. To ensure a bright future for all areas, innovative solutions to combat economic decline must be found. This report outlines creative solutions that are being deployed across Member States to provide services in remote areas.
20 September 2023
Guaranteeing access to services for children in the EU
The European Child Guarantee was established in 2021 to ensure that children in need have access to a set of key services. This policy brief analyses trends and disparities in children’s access to early childhood education and care, education, healthcare, nutrition and housing. This is done using a convergence analysis, which tracks whether Member States are improving in respect of specific performance indicators and whether disparities between them are expanding or narrowing. The analysis, where possible, also looks at the differences between urban and rural areas and between children living in households with different levels of income and risk of social exclusion. The indicators chosen for analysis highlight the links between the Guarantee, the European Semester and the Social Scoreboard.
7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
6 July 2022
Fifth round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey: Living in a new era of uncertainty
The fifth round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded from 25 March to 2 May 2022, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe two years after COVID-19 was first detected on the European continent. It also explores the reality of living in a new era of uncertainty caused by the war in Ukraine, inflation, and rising energy prices.
The findings of the e-survey reveal the heavy toll of the pandemic, with respondents reporting lower trust in institutions than at the start of the pandemic, poorer mental well-being, a rise in the level of unmet healthcare needs and an increase in the number of households experiencing energy poverty.
30 March 2021
Wealth distribution and social mobility
This report explores the distribution of household wealth in the EU Member States and analyses the role of wealth in social mobility. Using data from three datasets (the Household Finance and Consumption Survey, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and the Luxembourg Wealth Study), it focuses on wealth per household member. Wealth composition is compared across social groups and countries, and the role of housing assets in wealth distribution and negative wealth is assessed. The findings show that parental background, including parental wealth, has an impact on educational and wealth mobility. In order to promote equality of opportunities in terms of access to education and housing, the impact of wealth inequalities, including differences in parental wealth, should be counterbalanced. The report also suggests that regularising wealth declaration in the EU could be a way of promoting social justice by minimising hidden wealth and combating tax evasion.
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Sanna Nivakoski
Research officerSanna Nivakoski hija uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali fil-Eurofound. Qabel ma ngħaqdet mal-Eurofound fl-2021, hija ħadmet bħala riċerkatriċi post-dottorat fl-Istitut Geary għall-Politika Pubblika tal-Kulleġġ tal-Università ta' Dublin, l-Istitut tar-Riċerka Ekonomika u Soċjali f'Dublin, u r-Royal College of Surgeons fl-Irlanda. Hija ħadmet f'ħafna oqsma ta' riċerka fil-mikroekonomija, inkluż id-dħul u l-ġid tal-irtirar, it-tfaddil tal-pensjonijiet, it-trasferimenti interġenerazzjonali u l-impatt finanzjarju tar-romol. Sanna għandha PhD fl-Ekonomija mit-Trinity College Dublin.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali fil-Eurofound. Hija għandha għarfien espert fil-metodoloġija tal-istħarriġ u l-analiżi statistika, ħadmet fuq it-tħejjija u l-ġestjoni tal-Istħarriġ Ewropew dwar il-Kwalità tal-Ħajja u l-aktar reċentement l-istħarriġ elettroniku dwar l-Għajxien, ix-Xogħol u l-COVID-19, u hija responsabbli għall-kwalità tas-sett tad-dejta. L-oqsma ta' riċerka tagħha huma l-benesseri taż-żgħażagħ u l-kwalità tal-ħajja fid-djar u l-familji, inkluż il-benesseri suġġettiv, il-bilanċ bejn ix-xogħol u l-ħajja privata u l-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien. Preċedentement ħadmet bħala konsulent ekonomiku fl-Iskozja li tiffoka fuq valutazzjonijiet tal-impatt ekonomiku, evalwazzjonijiet u analiżi tal-input-output. Hija għandha grad ta' Masters fl-Ekonomija u r-Relazzjonijiet Internazzjonali mill-Università Corvinus ta' Budapest.
Hans Dubois
Senior research managerHans Dubois huwa maniġer anzjan tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Politiki Soċjali fil-Eurofound. Is-suġġetti ta 'riċerka tiegħu jinkludu akkomodazzjoni, dejn żejjed, kura tas-saħħa, kura fit-tul, benefiċċji soċjali, irtirar, u kwalità tal-ħajja fiż-żona lokali. Qabel ma ngħaqad mal-Eurofound, kien Assistent Professur fl-Università ta' Kozminski (Varsavja). Huwa temm PhD fl-Amministrazzjoni u l-Ġestjoni tan-Negozju fl-Università Bocconi (Milan), wara li ħadem bħala uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-Osservatorju Ewropew dwar is-Sistemi u l-Politiki tas-Saħħa (Madrid).
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
