Forom ġodda ta' impjieg
Forom ġodda ta' impjieg jirrappreżentaw it-terminu ġenerali għall-forom aktar diversifikati ta' impjieg li qed jitfaċċaw jew li ilhom jiksbu importanza minn madwar is-sena 2000. Flimkien mar-relazzjonijiet ta' impjieg tradizzjonali, forom ġodda ta' xogħol huma kkaratterizzati minn xejriet tax-xogħol, relazzjonijiet kuntrattwali, postijiet, tul ta' żmien u skeda tax-xogħol li qed jinbidlu, użu akbar tat-teknoloġiji tal-informazzjoni u l-komunikazzjoni (ICT), jew taħlita ta' dawn.
Sib l-aktar kontenut reċenti dwar dan is-suġġett hawn taħt.
Flessibilità limitata: Impjieg mhux standard involontarju fl-Unjoni Ewropea
Dan il-karta tanalizza l-inċident, it-tendenzi u l-mikro-fatturi ta' impjieg mhux standard involontarju (INE) fl-Istati Membri tal-UE bejn l-2006 u l-2024, billi juża indikatur kompost li jaqbad ħaddiema impjegati b'mod involontarju taħt kuntratti temporanji, f'xogħol part-time jew kemm f'kif ukoll f'kull wieħed.Gender differences in motivation to engage in platform work
The rise of the platform economy during the last decade is one of the main disrupting forces for European labour markets. While standard employment remains the norm, platforms are expanding their reach and diversifying into novel business models. In doing so, they are also attracting an increasing number of women. This policy brief investigates why women are joining the platform economy and how the motivations to perform work on platforms differ between genders. It shows that while women join platforms to gain an additional income and because it allows them the flexibility to combine work with household chores or family commitments, men are driven by the opportunities provided by platforms to work globally and to expand their client base. At the same time, findings suggest that online platforms seem to provide women with a link to the labour market that can potentially prevent their withdrawal from the labour force during different life stages. These findings suggest that policy action should focus on extending working hours regulations and work–life balance measures to all platform workers, irrespective of employment status, and promote equal sharing of care responsibilities between women and men.
Impjieg mhux standard fl-UE: Tipi, tendenzi u kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol
Dan ir-rapport jipprovdi ħarsa ġenerali lejn it-tendenzi f'forom ġodda u mhux standard ta' xogħol madwar l-Unjoni Ewropea. B'bażi ta' datasets Ewropej komparattivi disponibbli, jimmappa żviluppi riċenti f'dawn l-arranġamenti tax-xogħol u janalizza l-implikazzjonijiet tagħhom għall-kwalità tax-xogħol. Ir-rapport jesamina wkoll l-azzjonijiet meħuda mill-partners soċjali fl-aħħar snin biex jindirizzaw l-isfidi li jġibu magħhom forom ġodda u mhux standard ta' xogħol.Biex timla n-nuqqasijiet eżistenti fl-għarfien, mill-2013 'l hawn, il-Eurofound ilha tesplora l-karatteristiċi ta' forom emerġenti ta' impjieg fl-Istati Membri tal-UE. Ir-riċerka tħares lejn l-implikazzjonijiet għall-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol u s-suq tax-xogħol.
Il-bidliet soċjali, ekonomiċi u teknoloġiċi fl-Ewropa wasslu għal forom ġodda ta' impjieg. Il-pandemija tal-COVID-19 wasslet ukoll għal żieda fl-iskala u l-ambitu ta' forom ġodda ta' impjieg. Ħafna minn dawn huma differenti ħafna mix-'xogħol' tradizzjonali. Huma jittrasformaw ir-relazzjoni tradizzjonali one-to-one bejn min iħaddem u l-impjegat. Huma kkaratterizzati wkoll minn mudelli ta' xogħol u postijiet tax-xogħol mhux konvenzjonali.
Dawk li jfasslu l-politika fl-UE huma interessati f'kif dawn il-forom ġodda ta' impjieg jistgħu jgħinu biex jinbena suq tax-xogħol aktar reżiljenti u inklużiv. Id-diskussjoni ddur ukoll dwar kif għandhom jiġu żgurati protezzjoni soċjali adegwata u kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol deċenti. Ta' importanza ewlenija fid-dibattitu huwa kif tista' tiġi evitata sitwazzjoni fejn dawn il-forom ġodda ta' impjieg ikunu inqas favorevoli għall-ħaddiema minn tipi ta' impjiegi aktar stabbiliti.
Fl-2017, il-Kummissjoni Ewropea, il-Parlament Ewropew u l-Kunsill ipproklamaw il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali, li jistabbilixxi 20 prinċipju ewlieni essenzjali għal swieq tax-xogħol li jiffunzjonaw tajjeb. Il-Pjan ta' Azzjoni tal-2021 li jakkumpanjah jinnota li d-diġitalizzazzjoni u l-bidliet li ġabet magħha fid-dinja tax-xogħol mill-pandemija jiġġustifikaw dibattitu ta' orjentazzjoni wiesa' li se jiffoka mhux biss fuq il-livelli ta' parteċipazzjoni fis-suq tax-xogħol iżda wkoll fuq kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol adegwati li jirfdu impjiegi ta' kwalità.
Il-Kummissjoni qajmet ukoll il-kwistjoni tal-kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol fil-Komunikazzjoni tagħha dwar "Insawru l-futur diġitali tal-Ewropa". Kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol tajbin huma fil-qalba ta' tranżizzjoni diġitali ta' suċċess li tippromwovi l-innovazzjoni u t-tixrid teknoloġiku.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Il-Pjan ta' Azzjoni għall-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjaliopens in new tab
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Il-Pilastru Ewropew tad-Drittijiet Soċjali f'20 prinċipjuopens in new tab
Komunikazzjoni dwar it-tfassil tal-futur diġitali tal-Ewropa opens in new tab
Il-ħidma tal-Eurofound dwar forom ġodda ta' impjieg hija marbuta mal-prijorità tal-Kummissjoni għall-2019-2024 dwar Ewropa lesta għall-era diġitali.
Il-Kummissjoni Ewropea: Ewropa lesta għall-era diġitaliopens in new tab
Din hija għażla tal-aktar riżultati importanti għal dan is-suġġett.
Watch the webinar - #EurofoundLIVE: Regulating platform work – The EU’s big balancing act
2 December 2021
Initiatives to improve conditions for platform workers: Aims, methods, strengths and weaknesses
The rapid rise of the platform economy has led to a marked transformation of European labour markets, and existing regulatory frameworks and voluntary initiatives have yet to catch up. While platform work offers opportunities for workers and employers and potentially contributes to innovation, economic growth and competitiveness in the EU, it has been criticised from the beginning because of the poor employment and working conditions often experienced by workers. Accordingly, across the EU, governments, social partners, grassroots organisations and platforms have started to introduce initiatives to tackle the negative aspects of platform work. This policy brief assesses some such initiatives in the Member States and offers recommendations for further action.
15 December 2020
New forms of employment: 2020 update
Although standard employment (generally full-time and permanent) remains the dominant employment type across the EU, European labour markets are increasingly characterised by a variety of different forms. These new forms of employment involve new formal employment relationships or work patterns (linked to aspects such as place of work, working time or use of ICT) and sometimes both. This report puts the spotlight on nine innovative employment forms across the 27 EU Member States, Norway and the UK. It examines the policy frameworks of each country, as well as mapping the scale and scope of the incidence of these new forms and highlighting the main opportunities and risks associated with each form. The report concludes with some policy recommendations taking into account the future of work that will be shaped by the twin transition to the digital age and a carbon-neutral economy, as well as a new way of working due to COVID-19.
20 September 2020
Back to the future: Policy pointers from platform work scenarios
Platform work– the matching of supply and demand for paid labour through an online platform – is still small in scale but is expected to grow. Accordingly, it is important to anticipate the opportunities and risks related to this business model and employment form. This report explores potential scenarios for two selected types of platform work by 2030, drawing on Eurofound’s ‘Future scenarios of platform work’ project. It assesses the expected implications for the economy, labour market and society if these potential futures were realised. On this basis, policy pointers show what could be done to facilitate desirable and avoid undesirable futures. These policy pointers consider how to capitalise on the opportunities inherent in on-location platform work, the need for regulatory clarity and enforcement, issues around worker representation, and the embeddedness of platform work in the digital age.
16 January 2020
Telework and ICT-based mobile work: Flexible working in the digital age
Advances in ICT have opened the door to new ways of organising work. We are shifting from a regular, bureaucratic and ‘factory-based’ working time pattern towards a more flexible model of work. Telework and ICT-based mobile work (TICTM) has emerged in this transition, giving workers and employers the ability to adapt the time and location of work to their needs. Despite the flexibility and higher level of worker autonomy inherent in TICTM, there are risks that this work arrangement leads to the deterioration of work–life balance, higher stress levels and failing worker health. This report analyses the employment and working conditions of workers with TICTM arrangements, focusing on how it affects their work–life balance, health, performance and job prospects. While policymakers in many EU countries are debating TICTM and its implications, the study finds that only a few have implemented new regulations to prevent TICTM from having a negative impact on the well-being of workers.
28 January 2020
The pandora’s box of the platform economy
Ir-riċerkaturi tal-Eurofound jipprovdu għarfien espert u jistgħu jiġu kkuntattjati għal mistoqsijiet jew talbiet mill-midja.
Cesira Urzì Brancati
Research officerCesira Urzì Brancati hija uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Impjieg f'Eurofound. L-interessi tar-riċerka tagħha jinkludu l-impatt tat-teknoloġija fuq l-impjieg u d-diġitalizzazzjoni tax-xogħol, b'enfasi fuq pjattaformi diġitali tax-xogħol, sorveljanza diġitali u ġestjoni algoritmika. Hija speċjalizzata fil-mikroekonometrika, id-disinn ta' kwestionarji u l-analiżi tad-dejta ta' stħarriġ. Qabel ma ngħaqdet ma' Eurofound fl-2024, Cesira ħadmet fiċ-Ċentru Konġunt tar-Riċerka tal-Kummissjoni Ewropea f'Sevilla, fil-Kentru Internazzjonali tal-Longevità f'Londra, fl-Università ta' Modena u Reggio Emilia, u fl-Università ta' Turin. Għandha Master u PhD fl-Ekonomija Internazzjonali mill-Università ta' Tor Vergata, f'Ruma.
Dragoș Adăscăliței
Research officerDragoș Adăscăliței huwa uffiċjal tar-riċerka fl-unità tal-Impjieg f'Eurofound. Ir-riċerka attwali tiegħu tiffoka fuq suġġetti relatati mal-futur tax-xogħol, inkluż l-impatt tal-intelliġenza artifiċjali fuq ix-xogħol, il-konsegwenzi tal-awtomazzjoni għall-impjieg u kwistjonijiet regolatorji madwar ix-xogħol fuq il-pjattaformi. Huwa wkoll kontribwitur regolari għal proġetti komparattivi li jissorveljaw bidliet strutturali fis-swieq tax-xogħol Ewropej. Qabel ma ngħaqad ma' Eurofound, kien lezzjonist fir-Relazzjonijiet tax-Xogħol fl-Università ta' Sheffield, Management School. Għandu MA fix-Xjenza Politika mill-Università Ċentrali Ewropea u PhD fis-Soċjoloġija mill-Università ta' Mannheim.
Din it-taqsima tipprovdi aċċess għall-kontenut kollu li ġie ppubblikat dwar is-suġġett.
