Młodzież NEET
NEET to akronim oznaczający "niepracujące, niepracujące ani nieszkolące", używany w odniesieniu do sytuacji wielu młodych ludzi w wieku od 15 do 29 lat w Europie. Celem koncepcji NEET jest poszerzenie wiedzy na temat trudnej sytuacji młodych ludzi oraz lepsze monitorowanie ich problematycznego dostępu do rynku pracy.
Eurofound dostarcza informacji na ten temat, śledząc tendencje dotyczące młodzieży NEET w całej UE, analizując różnice między płciami i monitorując skutki kryzysów, takich jak wielka recesja i pandemia COVID-19. Jego ustalenia wspierają takie polityki, jak gwarancja dla młodzieży, i podkreślają potrzebę bardziej ukierunkowanych środków na rzecz młodych kobiet i matek.
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10 December 2024
This report analyses data from Eurofound’s 2021 European Working Conditions Telephone Survey and its 2022 Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, as well as data from official statistics, to examine employment trends, working conditions and the social situation of young people in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia). Employment trends are also presented for Türkiye. This report is part of Eurofound’s ongoing effort to support informed policymaking in EU accession countries through the Instrument for Pre-accession Assistance (IPA). It is the first output from a project financed by the Directorate-General for Neighbourhood and Enlargement Negotiations (DG NEAR) under the auspices of the IPA. Its aim is to provide knowledge that will support better-informed social, employment and work-related policies in the Western Balkans and Türkiye. It offers a comparative perspective between the countries and with the EU based on sound statistical analysis and expert consultation.
21 May 2024
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
9 November 2021
Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial insecurity and mental health problems. They reported reduced life satisfaction and mental well-being associated with the stay-at-home requirements and school closures. While governments responded quickly to the pandemic, most efforts to mitigate the effects of restrictions were temporary measures aimed at preventing job loss and keeping young people in education. This report explores the effects of the pandemic on young people, particularly in terms of their employment, well-being and trust in institutions, and assesses the various policy measures introduced to alleviate these effects.
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Najważniejsze informacje dla Młodzież NEET
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21 May 2024
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
9 November 2021
Impact of COVID-19 on young people in the EU
Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial insecurity and mental health problems. They reported reduced life satisfaction and mental well-being associated with the stay-at-home requirements and school closures. While governments responded quickly to the pandemic, most efforts to mitigate the effects of restrictions were temporary measures aimed at preventing job loss and keeping young people in education. This report explores the effects of the pandemic on young people, particularly in terms of their employment, well-being and trust in institutions, and assesses the various policy measures introduced to alleviate these effects.
9 May 2021
Living, working and COVID-19 (Update April 2021): Mental health and trust decline across EU as pandemic enters another year
The third round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded in February and March 2021, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe following nearly a full year of living with COVID-19 restrictions. This report analyses the main findings and tracks ongoing developments and trends across the 27 EU Member States since the survey was first launched in April 2020. It pinpoints issues that have surfaced over the course of the pandemic, such as increased job insecurity due to the threat of job loss, decline in mental well-being levels, erosion of recent gains in gender equality, fall in trust levels vis-à-vis institutions, deterioration of work–life balance and growth of vaccine hesitancy. The results of the survey highlight the need for a holistic approach to support all the groups hit hard by the crisis in order to prevent them from falling further behind.
23 October 2020
Youth in a time of COVID
14 December 2017
Long-term unemployed youth: Characteristics and policy responses
While the youth labour market has improved considerably since 2014, one legacy of the recent economic crisis is the large cohort of long-term unemployed young people, which represents nearly one-third of jobless young people. This report provides an updated profile of the youth labour market in 2016 and describes trends over the past decade. It explores the determinants of long-term unemployment, at both sociodemographic and macroeconomic levels. It also provides evidence on the serious consequences for young people of spending a protracted time in unemployment, such as scarring effects on income and occupation and on several dimensions of young people’s well-being. The report concludes with a discussion of selected policy measures recently implemented by 10 Member States in order to prevent young people from becoming long-term unemployed or, if they are in such circumstances, to integrate them into the labour market or education.
4 July 2016
Exploring the diversity of NEETs
The concept of NEET (young people not in employment, education or training) has, since 2010, been widely used as a tool to inform youth-oriented policies in the 28 Member States of the European Union. While it has been a valuable addition to more traditional indicators used to understand the economic and social vulnerability of young people and their labour market participation, it has often been criticised because of the heterogeneity of the population it captures. This report explores the diversity of NEETs and suggests seven subgroups into which the NEET population can be disaggregated using data routinely collected for the EU Labour Force Survey. Through analysis of the data for each of these subgroups, it offers a contemporary overview of the composition of the NEET population, both at EU28 level and in each Member State. It is hoped this information will help policymakers more precisely target interventions intended to ease young people’s engagement with the world of work and training. A separate annex presents detailed information on the composition of NEETs in the 28 Member States.
Eksperci na temat Młodzież NEET
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Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor jest starszym kierownikiem ds. badań w dziale polityki społecznej w Eurofound. Posiada doświadczenie w zakresie metodologii badań i analiz statystycznych, pracowała nad przygotowaniem i zarządzaniem europejskim badaniem jakości życia, a ostatnio e-ankietą dotyczącą życia, pracy i COVID-19, a także jest odpowiedzialna za jakość zbiorów danych. Jej obszary badawcze to dobrostan młodzieży i jakość życia w gospodarstwach domowych i rodzinach, w tym dobrostan subiektywny, równowaga między życiem zawodowym a prywatnym oraz warunki życia. Wcześniej pracowała jako konsultant ekonomiczny w Szkocji, koncentrując się na ocenach skutków gospodarczych, ewaluacjach i analizach przepływów międzygałęziowych. Uzyskała tytuł magistra ekonomii i stosunków międzynarodowych na Uniwersytecie Korwina w Budapeszcie.
Massimiliano Mascherini
Head of UnitMassimiliano Mascherini od października 2019 r. jest szefem działu polityki społecznej w Eurofound. Dołączył do Eurofound w 2009 r. jako kierownik ds. badań, opracowując i koordynując projekty dotyczące zatrudnienia młodzieży, młodzieży NEET i ich włączenia społecznego, a także udziału kobiet w rynku pracy. W 2017 r. objął stanowisko starszego kierownika ds. badań w dziale polityki społecznej, gdzie kierował nowymi badaniami nad monitorowaniem konwergencji w UE. Oprócz prac nad europejskim badaniem jakości życia kieruje również przygotowaniem i analizą e-ankiet dotyczących COVID-19. Wcześniej był pracownikiem naukowym we Wspólnym Centrum Badawczym Komisji Europejskiej. Studiował na Uniwersytecie we Florencji, gdzie specjalizował się w naukach aktuarialnych i statystycznych oraz uzyskał doktorat ze statystyki stosowanej. Był visiting fellow na Uniwersytecie w Sydney i na Uniwersytecie w Aalborgu oraz profesorem wizytującym w Papieskiej Akademii Nauk Społecznych.
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