Handicap og kronisk sygdom
Et handicap eller en kronisk sygdom defineres bredt som en vedvarende helbredstilstand, der begrænser en persons daglige aktiviteter eller deres evne til at interagere med verden omkring dem på lige fod med andre. I takt med at EU's befolkning bliver ældre, stiger antallet af personer, der lever med handicap eller kroniske helbredsproblemer. For de mange europæere med handicap eller kronisk sygdom er der mange hindringer, der forhindrer dem i at deltage fuldt ud i hverdagen, og adgangen til arbejdsmarkedet er fortsat en af de største udfordringer. Fremme af aktiv inklusion og rettigheder for personer med handicap eller kroniske sygdomme i samfundet er en prioritet på EU's dagsorden.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
Værktøjer til beskæftigelsespolitik for handicap til at engagere arbejdsgivere - Baggrundspapir
Dette baggrundspapir ser på EU's politiske kontekst vedrørende arbejdsmarkedsdeltagelse for personer med handicap, gennemgår de vigtigste barrierer bag beskæftigelsesgabet for handicappede og skitserer politiske værktøjer og arbejdspladspraksisser, der understøtter deres beskæftigelse, fastholdelse og karriereudvikling.Paths towards independent living and social inclusion in Europe for people with a disability - Background paper
This background paper looks at the EU policy context regarding deinstitutionalisation for people with long-term care needs, analyses trends and outlines strategies supporting independent living.Respondents with disabilities hit harder by unmet medical needs
Eurofound’s 2024 e-survey shows that people with disabilities in Europe are more than twice as likely as others to face unmet medical needs, with 40% reporting barriers in accessing healthcare. Financial situation, age, employment status and limited transport, especially in rural areas, are among the main reasons, underscoring persistent inequalities despite EU commitments to equal treatment.På grundlag af data fra den europæiske undersøgelse af livskvalitet (EQLS) og den europæiske undersøgelse af arbejdsvilkårene (EWCS) og anden forskning undersøger Eurofound de uligheder og udfordringer, som personer med handicap står over for, og de politiske tilgange, der kan undersøges.
Data fra e-undersøgelsen Liv og arbejde i EU kaster lys over situationen for personer med handicap under pandemien og sammenligner deres situation med hensyn til adgang til sundhedspleje, mental trivsel, økonomisk situation og optimisme om fremtiden.
Publikation: Personer med handicap og covid-19-pandemien: Resultater fra e-undersøgelsen om levevis, arbejde og covid-19
Forskningen undersøger også den politiske udvikling i EU's medlemsstater med henblik på at støtte inklusionen af personer med handicap på det åbne arbejdsmarked med særligt fokus på de tre faser: at komme på arbejdsmarkedet, forblive i jobbet og vende tilbage til arbejdet efter et fravær. Den undersøger mekanismerne og effektiviteten af de politiske foranstaltninger, der var indført før pandemien, og indeholder en ajourført analyse af de tidlige politiske foranstaltninger, der blev indført i kølvandet på pandemien.
Publikation: Handicap og integration på arbejdsmarkedet: Politiske tendenser og støtte i EU's medlemsstater
3. marts 2021 fremlagde Europa-Kommissionen sin strategi for rettigheder for personer med handicap 2021-2030. Med udgangspunkt i den tidligere 10-årige strategi for 2010-2020 har den til formål at sikre, at personer med handicap kan deltage fuldt ud i samfundet på lige fod med andre. Selv om der i de seneste årtier er sket fremskridt med hensyn til adgang til sundhedspleje, uddannelse, beskæftigelse, fritidsaktiviteter og deltagelse i det politiske liv, er der stadig meget, der skal gøres for at fjerne barrierer. Den indeholder centrale initiativer inden for tre hovedtemaer: EU-rettigheder; uafhængig tilværelse og autonomi; ikke-forskelsbehandling og lige muligheder. Som et flagskibsinitiativ i 2022 fremlagde Kommissionen en pakke til forbedring af resultaterne på arbejdsmarkedet for personer med handicap. Og i 2024 blev der opnået politisk enighed om Kommissionens forslag til direktiv om indførelse af det europæiske handicapkort og det europæiske parkeringskort for personer med handicap.
Handicapstrategien bidrager til handlingsplanen den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder, som Kommissionen fremlagde den 4. marts 2021. Søjlen, der formelt blev proklameret af EU-institutionerne i november 2017, afspejler en fælles forpligtelse til at skabe et sundt, sikkert og veltilpasset arbejdsmiljø for arbejdstagere i EU. Den understreger retten til ligebehandling og lige muligheder med hensyn til beskæftigelse, social beskyttelse, uddannelse og adgang til varer og tjenesteydelser, der er tilgængelige for offentligheden, uanset handicap.
Den 10-årige strategi udgør rammen for at støtte foranstaltninger på EU- og medlemsstatsplan til gennemførelse af FN's konvention om rettigheder for personer med handicap (UNCRPD), der blev vedtaget af FN i 2006.
Europa-Kommissionen: En Union med ligestilling: Strategi for rettigheder for personer med handicap 2021-2030opens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Den europæiske handicapdag 2024opens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Handlingsplanen for den europæiske søjle for sociale rettighederopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Personer med handicapopens in new tab
De Forenede Nationer:Konvention om rettigheder for personer med handicap (CRPD)opens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
13 January 2025
Quality of life in the EU in 2024: Results from the Living and Working in the EU e-survey
Eurofound’s e-survey captures the situation of European respondents and their post-pandemic concerns. This factsheet outlines the most recent data on the main challenges faced by Europeans, with a particular emphasis on the rising cost of living, health and mental health, access to healthcare services, work–life balance, and changes in telework opportunities. View the publication or read the findings in digital format via the related content.
21 March 2022
People with disabilities and the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey
A new European Disability Strategy was launched in 2021 with the aim of intensifying progress on ensuring the full participation of people with disabilities in society. The increase of EU policy focus on people with disabilities is timely: the COVID-19 pandemic magnified the challenges they faced in many spheres of their lives.
This policy brief explores the situation of Europeans with disabilities during the pandemic. Using data from the third round of the Living, working and COVID-19 e-survey, conducted in February–March 2021, it compares the situation of respondents with and without disabilities in four areas: access to healthcare, mental well-being, financial situation and optimism about the future. The analyses show that on all indicators the situation of people with disabilities was significantly worse.
18 April 2021
Disability and labour market integration: Policy trends and support in EU Member States
This report examines policy developments in EU Member States aimed at supporting the inclusion of people with disabilities in the open labour market, with a particular focus on the three stages of entering into employment, staying in the job and returning to work after an absence. It explores the mechanisms and effectiveness of more than 150 different policy measures designed to address the dimensions in place in the EU before the COVID-19 pandemic: job creation, labour supply, labour demand and contextual factors. In addition, it provides an updated analysis of early policy measures created in the wake of the pandemic that aimed to support the labour market situation of people with disabilities. A country case study on Ireland complements the study by outlining the complexity of disability and support systems from a broader perspective. The report builds on the lessons learned and provides policy pointers to improve the integration of people with disabilities into the open labour market.
8 October 2020
Access to care services: Early childhood education and care, healthcare and long-term care
The right of access to good-quality care services is highlighted in the European Pillar of Social Rights. This report focuses on three care services: early childhood education and care (ECEC), healthcare, and long-term care. Access to these services has been shown to contribute to reducing inequalities throughout the life cycle and achieving equality for women and persons with disabilities. Drawing on input from the Network of Eurofound Correspondents and Eurofound’s own research, the report presents an overview of the current situation in various EU Member States, Norway and the UK, outlining barriers to the take-up of care services and differences in access issues between population groups. It pays particular attention to three areas that have the potential to improve access to services: ECEC for children with disabilities and special educational needs, e-healthcare and respite care.
15 October 2019
How to respond to chronic health problems in the workplace?
The number of workers living with chronic health conditions is rising in the EU. Such conditions affect people’s ability to work to varying degrees. While some are unable to continue working, many wish to and would be able to do so if their workplace made adaptations to accommodate their needs. Maintaining labour force participation is a key issue for policymakers in the context of demographic ageing and a falling working-age population.
This policy brief examines chronic disease in EU workplaces: its prevalence, the impact on ability to work, the extent that workplaces are making adjustments for workers with chronic disease and the effect of that on job quality. It finds that most workers with a chronic disease that limits their ability to work do not benefit from workplace accommodation. It also finds that such adaptations can have a positive impact on the quality and sustainability of work.
30 November 2018
Social and employment situation of people with disabilities
People with disabilities are among the most disadvantaged groups in the EU. This policy brief examines the social situation of people of working age with disabilities, using data from the 2011 and 2016 rounds of the European Quality of Life Survey (EQLS). The brief looks at changes over this period in employment, education and training, participation in society, social protection and healthcare, all priority areas of the European Disability Strategy. The brief also looks at the subjective well-being of this group of Europeans and examines the factors that influence their well-being. Among its policy pointers, the brief highlights the work that must be done to improve the employment situation of people with disabilities.
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Daphne Ahrendt
Senior research managerDaphne Ahrendt er seniorforskningsleder i Eurofounds enhed for socialpolitik. Siden hun kom til Eurofound i 2013, har hendes arbejde dækket en bred vifte af socialpolitiske områder. På nuværende tidspunkt koordinerer hun Eurofounds undersøgelsesstyring og udviklingsaktiviteter og leder udarbejdelsen og analysen af covid-19-e-undersøgelserne. Daphne har mere end 20 års erfaring som forsker med internationale undersøgelser, og hun har tidligere arbejdet i Eurobarometer-enheden i Europa-Kommissionen og ved National Centre for Social Research i London, hvor hun arbejdede på International Social Survey Programme. Daphne har en kandidatgrad i strafferetspolitik fra London School of Economics og en bachelorgrad i statskundskab fra San Francisco State University.
Oscar Vargas Llave
Senior research managerOscar Vargas Llave is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and manages projects on changes in the world of work and the impact on working conditions and related policies: organisation of working time, remote work, the right to disconnect, health and well-being and ageing. Before joining Eurofound in December 2009, he worked as project coordinator in the field of health and safety and was responsible for the Professional Card Scheme for the Construction Sector in Spain at the non-profit Fundación Laboral de la Construcción in Madrid. He has a background in industrial sociology (Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca), and also holds a Diploma in Social Science Research Methods from the University of Cardiff and a Master’s degree in Health and Safety from the Autonomous University of Madrid.
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