Subjektivt velvære
Subjektivt velvære refererer til, hvordan folk opfatter kvaliteten af deres liv. Fremme af borgernes velfærd er et centralt mål for EU og har fået en fremtrædende plads på den social- og arbejdsmarkedspolitiske dagsorden i det seneste årti. Dette omfatter forskelle eller uligheder i sundhed.
Find det nyeste indhold om dette emne nedenfor.
The roots of Europe's mental health crisis run deep
This article looks at the trends, the groups at risk, the services and policies in the area of mental health. The European Commission’s communication on a comprehensive approach to mental health, adopted in June 2023, aims to place mental health on an equal footing with physical health and ensure a new, cross-sectoral approach to mental health issues. But, solutions must be sought not only narrowly within mental health care, but also in improving living and working conditions and facilitating social and economic inclusion.Quality of life in the EU in 2024: Results from the Living and Working in the EU e-survey
Eurofound’s e-survey captures the situation of European respondents and their post-pandemic concerns. This factsheet outlines the most recent data on the main challenges faced by Europeans, with a particular emphasis on the rising cost of living, health and mental health, access to healthcare services, work–life balance, and changes in telework opportunities. View the publication or read the findings in digital format via the related content.
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
Den europæiske undersøgelse af livskvalitet
Eurofounds europæiske undersøgelse af livskvalitet (EQLS) har et enestående stort sæt indikatorer for subjektiv trivsel (26 indikatorer i 2016-undersøgelsen). To globale målinger er typisk inkluderet for at fange overordnet subjektiv trivsel:
livstilfredshed, som giver folk mulighed for at give en samlet vurdering af deres liv
generel lykke, som gør det muligt for folk at give en mere følelsesmæssig vurdering af, hvordan de har det
Indikatorer for trivsel
Eurofound lancerede sin første EQLS i 2003 efter at have afsluttet sin fjerde undersøgelse i 2016. Den begrebsmæssige ramme, der anvendes i EQLS, er generelt i overensstemmelse med OECD's retningslinjer. Den adresserer subjektiv trivsel ved hjælp af tre grupper af indikatorer:
Evaluerende velvære – livstilfredshed og tilfredshed med livets domæner
positiv og negativ affekt – lykke, vitalitet, følelse af ro, munterhed, følelse af deprimering
Eudaimonisk velvære – optimisme, autonomi, følelse af formål, at have tid til at nyde livet og modstandsdygtighed
EQLS-resultater viser, at de stærkeste determinanter for højere livstilfredshed og lykke er at have en følelse af formål, efterfulgt af optimisme om ens fremtid og autonomi.
Sundhed er en anden vigtig determinant for velvære. EQLS-data kaster lys over ændringer i selvrapporteret sundhed for EU's befolkning som helhed og i forhold til grupper, der giver anledning til særlig bekymring. Med hensyn til mental sundhed og velvære stiller EQLS flere spørgsmål, der kan bruges til at konstruere WHO's indeks for mental velvære (WHO-5).
EQLS 2016 indeholdt yderligere to punkter, der måler modstandsdygtighed for at fange den opfattede evne til at håndtere problemer og den tid, det tager at komme tilbage. Opfattet modstandsdygtighed korrelerer positivt med variabler for mentalt velvære.
I artikel 3 i traktaten om Den Europæiske Union understreges det vigtigt, at EU fremmer befolkningernes velfærd og arbejder for en bæredygtig udvikling i Europa. Den europæiske søjle for sociale rettigheder gentager dette mål og fremhæver, at et stærkt socialt Europa handler om at sætte mennesker og deres trivsel i centrum. Sundhed og trivsel er også et af FN's 17 verdensmål.
For at indfange kompleksiteten omkring moderne samfund har Europa-Kommissionens initiativ Beyond GDP til formål at måle fremskridt, reel velstand og velfærd ved at udvikle indikatorer, der supplerer BNP-tallene, men som i højere grad omfatter miljømæssige og sociale aspekter af fremskridt. Desuden indeholder Eurostats livskvalitetsindikatorer nyere statistikker om forskellige dimensioner af livskvalitet i EU, som også supplerer den traditionelt anvendte indikator for BNP.
WHO's europæiske handlingsramme for mental sundhed og trivsel 2021-2025, der medfinansieres af Kommissionen, støtter EU's medlemsstater i at revidere deres politikker og udveksle erfaringer med at forbedre politikkens effektivitet.
I en global sammenhæng har Organisationen for Økonomisk Samarbejde og Udvikling (OECD) udarbejdet retningslinjer for indsamling og brug af målinger af subjektiv trivsel.
Europa-Kommissionen: Handlingsplanen for den europæiske søjle for sociale rettighederopens in new tab
Europa-Kommissionen: Alternative mål for fremskridt ud over BNP opens in new tab
Eurostat: Livskvalitetsindikatoreropens in new tab og subjektiv trivsel - statistikopens in new tab
OECD: OECD's retningslinjer for måling af subjektiv trivselopens in new tab
Dette er et udvalg af de vigtigste resultater for dette emne.
21 May 2024
Becoming adults: Young people in a post-pandemic world
During the pandemic, many young people had to change their plans for the future. While at the end of 2023 young people’s labour market situation was more favourable than it had been in recent years, many obstacles remained on their route to independence, such as the rising cost of living and inability to move out of the parental home. This report explores young people’s wishes and plans for the future – and the well-being outcomes related to these plans – in the context of the current labour market and housing situation and progress on the implementation of the EU’s reinforced Youth Guarantee.
7 December 2022
Living, working and COVID-19 in the European Union and 10 EU neighbouring countries
The Living, working and COVID-19 survey, first launched by Eurofound in early 2020, aims to capture the wide-ranging impact of the pandemic on the work and lives of EU citizens. The fifth round of the Eurofound survey, which was implemented in spring 2022, also sheds light on a new uncertain reality caused by the war in Ukraine, record-high inflation and sharp rises in the cost of living. As a pilot survey, a shorter version of the questionnaire was fielded by the European Training Foundation (ETF) in 10 European Union (EU) neighbouring countries. This joint Eurofound-ETF factsheet presents a selection of results from the survey covering both the EU-27 and the 10 selected EU neighbouring countries.
The results reveal at least one clear commonality across respondents from all countries: serious concerns about the rising cost of living. At the same time, the results point to a large divergence in living and working conditions between respondents in the two groups of countries, but also show large differences within the EU itself and amongst the selected EU neighbouring countries.
28 January 2022
COVID-19 and older people: Impact on their lives, support and care
This report captures the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the quality of life of older citizens, including the impact on their well-being, finances, employment and social inclusion. It explores the effects on the use of care services and older people’s reliance on other support. The report presents policy measures that have been implemented in EU Member States to support older people along all of the above-mentioned dimensions. These include measures to support independent living and schemes to support the labour market integration of older people or to prevent unemployment, all of which play a role in the quality of life of older citizens.
9 November 2021
Impact of COVID-19 on young people in the EU
Following a long recovery from the economic crisis (2007–2013), young people in the EU proved to be more vulnerable to the effects of the restrictions put in place to slow the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Young people were more likely than older groups to experience job loss, financial insecurity and mental health problems. They reported reduced life satisfaction and mental well-being associated with the stay-at-home requirements and school closures. While governments responded quickly to the pandemic, most efforts to mitigate the effects of restrictions were temporary measures aimed at preventing job loss and keeping young people in education. This report explores the effects of the pandemic on young people, particularly in terms of their employment, well-being and trust in institutions, and assesses the various policy measures introduced to alleviate these effects.
27 January 2020
What makes capital cities the best places to live?
Quality of life data show that in most countries, the capital city has advantages compared to the regions outside the capital. In light of the continued growth of capital city populations and the concentration of resources within them, this policy brief explores the source of the advantages of capital cities in quality of life. Are these advantages mostly related to specific demographics that these cities nurture and attract? Or do these advantages stem from opportunities that major cities provide due to their scale and economic growth?
The policy brief aims to clarify why policy should focus on both the economy and society when it comes to advancing economic, social and territorial cohesion.
19 December 2019
Household composition and well-being
Demographic change, social progress and economic cycles have impacted household composition in Europe. This report provides an overview of household types in the European Union, how they have changed over the period 2007–2017 and how household type relates to outcomes in terms of living conditions and well-being – such as life satisfaction, the feeling of social exclusion and mental well-being. Changes in household structure have a potential impact on demand for public services and social benefits. The report also discusses the policy implications of changing household composition and recent policies responding to the increasing diversity of households. The report underlines the importance of recognition of diverse family forms, of the provision of social support, and of family policy measures complementing income support in reducing inequality of well-being among households.
12 November 2018
Social cohesion and well-being in Europe
This report provides an analysis of European societies in terms of social cohesion – in particular, social tensions, perceived social exclusion and community engagement are explored as key dimensions. It analyses the links between societal characteristics (quality of society) and well-being of different social groups. The analysis looks at how perceived levels of societal tensions have changed in European societies over time (2003–2016). It also examines which dimensions of social cohesion are most important for individual well-being. The report is based on data from Eurofound’s European Quality of Life Survey 2016, the fourth survey since 2003.
Eurofounds forskere leverer ekspertindsigt og kan kontaktes med spørgsmål eller mediehenvendelser.
Eszter Sándor
Senior research managerEszter Sandor er seniorforskningsleder i Eurofounds enhed for socialpolitik. Hun har ekspertise inden for undersøgelsesmetodologi og statistisk analyse, har arbejdet med udarbejdelse og forvaltning af den europæiske undersøgelse af livskvalitet og senest e-undersøgelsen Living, Working og COVID-19 og er ansvarlig for datasætkvaliteten. Hendes forskningsområder er unges trivsel og livskvalitet i husholdninger og familier, herunder subjektiv trivsel, work-life balance og levevilkår. Hun har tidligere arbejdet som økonomisk konsulent i Skotland med fokus på økonomiske konsekvensanalyser, evalueringer og input-output-analyser. Hun har en kandidatgrad i økonomi og internationale relationer fra Corvinus University of Budapest.
Dette afsnit giver adgang til alt det indhold, der er blevet offentliggjort om emnet.
