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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 jaanuar 2024
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level, drawing on debates about the reduction of working time and the four-day working week.

24 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, the energy crisis spurred by Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine and the disruption of the international supply chain, among other factors, have driven up the

06 September 2023

This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain

19 July 2023

Aruanne koostatakse kolmeaastase katseprojekti (2021–2023) „Miinimumpalga roll üldise töögarantii kehtestamisel“ raames, mille Euroopa Komisjon on delegeerinud Eurofoundile. See keskendub projekti 3. moodulile, milles uuritakse miinimumpalka ja füüsilisest isikust ettevõtjate muid palgavorme. Teatud

30 November 2022

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

Selle aruande eesmärk on kaardistada ja analüüsida kaugtöö valdkonna õigusakte ja kollektiivläbirääkimisi 27 liikmesriigis ja Norras. Aruandes tuuakse esile peamised riikidevahelised erinevused ja sarnasused seoses kaugtöö valdkonna õigusaktide ja nende hiljutiste muudatustega. Samuti uuritakse

01 September 2022

Käesolevas aruandes analüüsitakse kollektiivläbirääkimiste protsesside ja tulemuste hiljutisi arenguid ja uusi tavasid, peamiselt erasektoris. Aruanne hõlmab 10 ELi liikmesriigi kollektiivläbirääkimiste süsteeme ning põhineb juhtumitel, mis on tuvastatud vestlustel riikliku tasandi peamiste

31 August 2022

Online resources results (321)

Pay increase not expected to boost purchasing power

In August 2013, the social partners concluded a long-term national centralised labour market settlement. The Pact for Employment and Growth (23.8KB PDF) [1] envisages that pay increases will be made in two instalments over the next two years. The first increase of €20 per month (or a corresponding

Film industry finally strikes collective agreement

In 2003, after a protracted industrial dispute in the French film industry, the social partners in the live performance and audio-visual sectors were asked to clarify and simplify their collective bargaining system (*FR1202041Q*). Both sectors make extensive use of short-term employment contracts

Social partners agree minimum wage rise

The national minimum wage in Estonia has been fixed annually by tripartite agreement since 1992. Since 2002, it has been negotiated between the Estonian Trade Union Confederation (EAKL [1]) and the Estonian Employers’ Confederation (ETTK [2]) and then brought into effect by government decree (

Collective agreements boosted by social dialogue projects

In spring 2012, 20 projects to promote social dialogue were launched in Lithuania, financed by the European Social Fund. At the time, there was just one sectoral collective agreement in place. Since then, discussions have taken place on 253 enterprise-level collective agreements, 32 territorial

Social partners agree way ahead for coal industry

Spain’s coal industry employs 4,894 workers. Of these, 3,407 work directly for 15 extractive coal companies and a further 1,487 are employed through subcontracting companies.

Agreement gives equal status to blue- and white-collar workers

The term ‘blue-collar worker’ was introduced at the very beginning of the 20th century to describe manual workers. Two decades later, the term ‘white-collar worker’ appeared, describing employees who were engaged in work requiring predominantly mental, rather than physical, effort. During the last

Precarious work under the spotlight

Ten forms of precarious work in Bulgaria and the extent of their regulation by national labour legislation have been analysed in a joint study by experts from the Confederation of Independent Trade Unions in Bulgaria (CITUB [1]) and the Confederation of Labour Podkrepa (CL Podkrepa [2]). [1] http:/

Major new agreement in banking sector

Following the financial collapse of Allied Irish Banks (AIB [1]) in 2009, the Irish government took control and now owns 99.8% of the bank. In early 2012, AIB and the Irish Bank Officials Association (IBOA [2]) entered a mediation process at the Labour Relations Commission (LRC [3]). [1] http://www

New agreement in the wood and furniture sector

The output of the wood and furniture sector, together with the fashion and the food sectors, accounts for 6% of Italy’s manufacturing industry production. Despite its significance to the economy, however, there is currently a serious crisis in the industry and around 10,000 enterprises have closed

Cooperative sector agrees new representativeness rules

Italy’s private sector is not covered by any specific legislation setting out the criteria for representativeness required of social partners before they may participate in collective bargaining. All the social partners, even if they are small and not particularly representative, can sign collective


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 juuni 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 detsember 2020

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