Just transition
Just transition is the term used to describe the transition to a climate-neutral economy while securing the future and livelihoods of workers and their communities. A just transition to a climate-neutral economy provides and guarantees better and decent jobs, social protection, more training opportunities and greater job security for all workers affected by global warming and climate change policies.
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Rohelise käitumusliku avaliku poliitika kaardistamine EL-is
See dokument kaardistab, kui kaugele on liikmesriigid suutnud selliseid käitumuslikult informeeritud poliitikaid välja töötada ja rakendada. Raport leiab olulisi erinevusi kogu ELis, mille muster on murettekitav: riigid, mis on suurima üleminekusurve all, on sageli kõige vähem varustatud inimkesksete poliitikate kujundamiseks, mis seda leevendaksid.IT-sektor fookuses: ELi digitaalse tööjõu areng
IKT sektor juhib digitaliseerimist ja tehisintellekti kasutuselevõttu kogu Euroopas, kuid oskustööjõu puudus pidurdab selle kasvu. See aruanne käsitleb IKT spetsialistide tööhõivet ja töötingimusi ning väljakutseid, mis kujundavad üht ELi kriitilisemat sektorit.Social implications of the just transition: Citizen support, behavioural adaptation, and policy impact in Europe
This research report examines Europeans’ experiences of the green transition at a time when competitiveness has become a central EU policy priority. Using quantitative analysis of EU-wide data, it identifies who supports green policies, who is changing behaviour, and who risks being left behind. Combining this with a comparative policy analysis across all 27 Member States, including reflections on the use of behavioural insights in green public policy, the report highlights critical gaps and provides evidence-based guidance for aligning competitiveness with an effective and equitable green transition.Eurofound's research is shaped by the key challenges for social cohesion and a just transition in a changing environment. It covers the areas of working conditions, industrial relations, employment and living conditions, providing evidence that can assist policy action.
Main topics linked with the move towards a just transition include working conditions and sustainable work, employment and labour markets, digitalisation, the future of manufacturing, people’s living conditions and well-being, restructuring, skills and training and youth, among others. Research findings could potentially feed into the work of the Just Transition Platform, which assists EU Member States and regions to unlock the support available through the Just Transition Mechanism.
Eurofound also collaborates with the European Environment Agency (EEA) on research around the transition to a climate-neutral economy, in particular environmental and socioeconomic convergence.
A just transition at European level focuses on two core issues for transition, moving towards a green and digital Europe where no one will be left behind.
As a committed party to the Paris Climate Agreement, the EU submitted its long-term low greenhouse gas emission development strategy to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in March 2020. It sets out the extent of the transition across sectors and regions and lays the ground for designing a just transition.
European Commission: 2050 long-term strategyopens in new tab
Green and digital transition
At the heart of the EU’s long-term strategy is the European Green Deal, which is one of six European Commission priorities for 2019–2024 and the compass to guide Member States towards a green transition that is fair for all citizens. It will contribute to the financing of the transition that Europe faces through its Just Transition Mechanism. In the political guidelines for the next European Commission 2024–2029, Ursula von der Leyen reiterated the importance of staying the course with the European Green Deal goals and committed to a significant increase in funding for a just transition across the next long-term budget. This will go hand in hand with the development of a Quality Jobs Roadmap.
European Commision: Political Guidelines 2024–2029opens in new tab
Responding to the way digital technology is changing our lives, another Commission priority is to create a Europe fit for the digital age, leading the transition to a healthy planet and a new digital world through its European Digital Strategy.
Strong social Europe for just transitions
In January 2020, the European Commission presented its Communication ‘A strong social Europe for just transitions’. This vision to reinforce social Europe prepared the way for an Action Plan to implement the European Pillar of Social Rights, which is the European social strategy to make sure that the ‘transitions of climate neutrality, digitalisation and demographic change are socially fair and just’.
Eurofound’s work related to the just transition links in with several of the Commission’s 2019–2024 priorities, and is highly relevant here.
European Commission: A European Green Dealopens in new tab
European Commission: An economy that works for peopleopens in new tab
European Commission: A Europe fit for the digital ageopens in new tab
See on valik kõige olulisematest tulemustest selle teema kohta.
Watch the webinar - Eurofound LIVE: Is Europe's green transition in jeopardy?
2 August 2023
Green, clean and keen to converge? A convergence analysis of environmental quality of life in the EU
This report explores the dynamics of the environmental performance of the EU Member States and the extent to which the disparities in their performance have narrowed since the early 2000s. The report is a product of cooperation between Eurofound and the European Environment Agency, with the technical expertise in convergence of the former meeting the expertise in European environmental issues of the latter. It focuses on three levels of analysis: headline indicators, residential-level indicators and household-level indicators. In order to explore the multifaceted issue of environmental quality of life in the EU, the report investigates environmental indicators through a convergence analysis. The results suggest that the EU is on the right track to becoming carbon neutral, although the speed of the greening process varies among the Member States. A fast and steady improvement in performance can be seen for most of the indicators. One noteworthy finding is that the economic downturns of the past two decades negatively affected the household-level indicators examined, which focused on energy poverty.
19 July 2023
Supporting regions in the just transition: Role of social partners
This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain, relocate and find other jobs, and also support industries that need to phase out fossil fuels or other greenhouse gas-intensive activities. The role and input of the social partners in these plans and their views on the just transition are explored. An analysis of social dialogue practices and examples of collective agreements shows the range of topics covered by the social partners. The report also investigates the role of the energy crisis in the just transition and how it has contributed to delays in the implementation of territorial just transition plans in certain Member States.
Eurofoundi teadlased pakuvad asjatundlikke teadmisi ja nendega saab ühendust võtta küsimuste või meediapäringute korral.
Marianna Baggio
Research officerMarianna Baggio on Eurofoundi sotsiaalpoliitika üksuse teadur, kes tegeleb Euroopa elukvaliteedi uuringu aspektidega, samuti soolise tasustamise läbipaistvuse ja mitteametliku hoolduse teemadega. Enne Eurofoundiga liitumist töötas ta poliitikaanalüütikuna Euroopa Komisjoni Teadusuuringute Ühiskeskuse käitumisalaste teadmiste pädevuskeskuses. Ta on töötanud järeldoktorina Vita-Salute San Raffaele Ülikoolis (Milano) ja Trento Ülikoolis. Tal on ka laialdased kogemused varasemast rollist ettevõtte sotsiaalse vastutuse (CSR) ametnikuna Lõuna-Aafrikas. Mariannal on doktorikraad majanduses ja juhtimises Trento ülikoolist, spetsialiseerudes käitumisökonoomikale.
Massimiliano Mascherini
Head of UnitMassimiliano Mascherini on alates oktoobrist 2019 Eurofoundi sotsiaalpoliitika üksuse juht. Ta liitus Eurofoundiga 2009. aastal uurimisjuhina, kavandades ja koordineerides projekte noorte tööhõive, NEET-ide ja soolise võrdõiguslikkuse teemadel. 2017. aastal sai temast vanemteadusjuht ning ta juhtis uut uurimistööd konvergentsi jälgimise kohta ELis. Lisaks juhtis ta 2026. aasta Euroopa elukvaliteedi uuringu kontseptualiseerimist. 2025. aastal pälvis ta Brendan Walshi auhinna parima artikli eest, mis avaldati ajakirjas Economic and Social Review. Varem oli ta teadusametnik Euroopa Komisjoni Ühises Uurimiskeskuses. Ta õppis Firenze Ülikoolis, kus ta õppis aktuaaria ja statistika teadusi ning omandas doktorikraadi rakendusstatistikas. 2014. aastal omandas ta teadusliku kvalifikatsiooni sotsiaalstatistika ja demograafia dotsendina Itaalia Ülikooli- ja Teadusministeeriumis. Ta on olnud külalisteadur Sydney Ülikoolis ja Aalborgi Ülikoolis ning külalisprofessor Paavstlikus Sotsiaalteaduste Akadeemias.
Tina Weber
Senior research managerTina Weber is a senior research manager in Eurofound’s Working Life unit. Her work has focused on labour shortages, the impact of hybrid work and an ‘always on’ culture and the right to disconnect, working conditions and social protection measures for self-employed workers and the impact of the twin transitions on employment, working conditions and industrial relations. She is responsible for studies assessing the representativeness of European social partner organisations. She has also carried out research on European Works Councils and the evolution of industrial relations and social dialogue in the European Union. Prior to joining Eurofound in 2019, she worked for a private research institute primarily carrying out impact assessments and evaluations of EU labour law and labour market policies. Tina holds a PhD in Political Sciences from the University of Edinburgh which focussed on the role of national trade unions and employers’ organisations in the European social dialogue.
Stavroula Demetriades
Senior research managerStavroula Demetriades on Eurofoundi tööhõiveüksuse vanemuuringute juht. Ta vastutab teadusuuringute eest rohe- ja õiglase ülemineku, sotsiaaldialoogi, juhtimistavade, innovatsiooni ja hübriidtöö valdkonnas. Tal on doktorikraad sotsioloogias Aalborgi Ülikoolist Taanis. Tal on ka magistrikraad majanduspoliitikas Dublini Trinity kolledžist ja magistrikraad regionaalarengus Ateena ülikoolist. Enne Eurofoundiga liitumist 1999. aastal töötas ta uurimisinstituutides, erinevatel ametikohtadel avalikus ja erasektoris ning viis läbi organisatsioonilisi ja sotsiaalmajanduslikke uuringuid. Tema peamised uurimisvaldkonnad on rohe- ja õiglane pööre, personalijuhtimine, töösüsteemid, innovatsioon, tööhõive ja sotsiaalne dialoog. Ta on ka Dublini ülikooli kolledži ärikooli abiprofessor.
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