Inégalité
La réduction des inégalités pour les citoyens de l’UE et la promotion de la convergence vers le haut des conditions de vie figurent en bonne place dans l’agenda politique de la Commission européenne. Les facteurs d’inégalité peuvent inclure le sexe, l’âge, le handicap, le statut professionnel et la citoyenneté, ce qui a des implications sur le salaire et le revenu, l’accès à l’aide sociale, les services de santé et d’éducation.
Dernières nouveautés
Trouvez le contenu le plus récent sur ce thème ci-dessous.
15 September 2025
Wealth inequality across EU Member States has important implications for access to education, healthcare and housing, as well as for people’s ability to actively participate in society.
This article summarises some of the main findings from the recently published report Unequal wealth: Exploring socioeconomic disparities across the EU. It maps wealth inequalities across EU Member States by drawing on data from the European Central Bank’s Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS), covering the period between 2010 and 2021.
15 September 2025
29 October 2024
À propos Inégalité
En savoir plus sur ce thème et sa pertinence pour l'élaboration des politiques de l'UE.
Faits saillants pour Inégalité
Voici une sélection des publications les plus importantes pour ce thème.
29 October 2024
A snapshot of income inequality and middle class across the EU
24 January 2023
Economic and social inequalities in Europe in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic
The COVID-19 pandemic had varying impacts on social groups, depending on existing disadvantages, and it was widely believed that it triggered a rise in inequalities across different areas of life. Using indicators from the EU’s Multidimensional Inequality Monitoring Framework (MIMF), this report shows how inequality in the spheres of income, health, employment and education changed between 2010 and 2020. It also examines the main drivers of this change during the pandemic and explores the relationships between government policies in several domains and inequality.
20 December 2021
Monitoring convergence in the European Union: Looking backwards to move forward – Upward convergence through crises
Upward convergence lies at the heart of the EU project. Member States and their citizens sign up to be part of the Union, as they expect their membership will lead to balanced economic prosperity and social progress across countries. Increasing disparities between Member States, as happened during the 2008–2013 economic crisis, could be seen as a betrayal of the EU’s promise, and potentially lay the seeds for discontent and disintegration. This flagship report is the culmination of Eurofound’s research into monitoring convergence in the EU, which was initiated in 2017. It describes the shifting dynamics of upward convergence over the period 2008–2019, explores the short-term impact of COVID-19 on European economies and societies, together with its implications for convergence, and discusses the long-term effects of the pandemic and the future of upward economic and social convergence in Europe.
9 May 2021
Living, working and COVID-19 (Update April 2021): Mental health and trust decline across EU as pandemic enters another year
The third round of Eurofound's e-survey, fielded in February and March 2021, sheds light on the social and economic situation of people across Europe following nearly a full year of living with COVID-19 restrictions. This report analyses the main findings and tracks ongoing developments and trends across the 27 EU Member States since the survey was first launched in April 2020. It pinpoints issues that have surfaced over the course of the pandemic, such as increased job insecurity due to the threat of job loss, decline in mental well-being levels, erosion of recent gains in gender equality, fall in trust levels vis-à-vis institutions, deterioration of work–life balance and growth of vaccine hesitancy. The results of the survey highlight the need for a holistic approach to support all the groups hit hard by the crisis in order to prevent them from falling further behind.
30 March 2021
Wealth distribution and social mobility
This report explores the distribution of household wealth in the EU Member States and analyses the role of wealth in social mobility. Using data from three datasets (the Household Finance and Consumption Survey, the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and the Luxembourg Wealth Study), it focuses on wealth per household member. Wealth composition is compared across social groups and countries, and the role of housing assets in wealth distribution and negative wealth is assessed. The findings show that parental background, including parental wealth, has an impact on educational and wealth mobility. In order to promote equality of opportunities in terms of access to education and housing, the impact of wealth inequalities, including differences in parental wealth, should be counterbalanced. The report also suggests that regularising wealth declaration in the EU could be a way of promoting social justice by minimising hidden wealth and combating tax evasion.
10 December 2019
A more equal Europe? Convergence and the European Pillar of Social Rights
The European Pillar of Social Rights is designed to act as a compass for a renewed process of upward convergence among Member States towards better working and living conditions. It is accompanied by a Social Scoreboard to monitor the progress made by Member States. This policy brief presents the results of an investigation into the upward convergence patterns of the headline indicators of the Social Scoreboard and the relationship between convergence and the business cycle from 2008 to 2018. The results show that although the economic crisis that engulfed Europe from 2008 slowed down the convergence of Member States on some indicators, upward convergence on several has been restored, including the indicators on employment and risk of poverty. While the analysis uncovers different dynamics of upward convergence for most indicators, some very stable and some more unstable, few indicators still show a downward trend over the decade.
Experts en Inégalité
Les chercheurs d'Eurofound fournissent des informations spécialisées et peuvent être contactés pour des questions ou des demandes des médias.
Tadas Leončikas
Head of UnitTadas Leončikas est chef de l’unité Emploi d’Eurofound depuis septembre 2022. Auparavant, il était directeur de recherche principal au sein de l’unité Politiques sociales, où il gérait l’enquête européenne sur la qualité de vie (EQLS) et développait les enquêtes d’Eurofound. Depuis qu’il a rejoint Eurofound en 2010, il a travaillé sur divers sujets, notamment les méthodes d’enquête, la qualité de vie, la mobilité sociale, l’inclusion sociale, la confiance et les inégalités en matière de logement. Au début de sa carrière, il a dirigé l’Institut d’études ethniques en Lituanie, où il a travaillé sur des études liées à la situation des minorités ethniques, des migrants et d’autres groupes vulnérables. En tant que chercheur, il a précédemment collaboré avec l’Agence des droits fondamentaux de l’Union européenne, le Programme des Nations Unies pour le développement et l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations. Il est titulaire d’un doctorat en sociologie.
Massimiliano Mascherini
Head of UnitMassimiliano Mascherini est chef de l’unité Politiques sociales d’Eurofound depuis octobre 2019. Il a rejoint Eurofound en 2009 en tant que chargé de recherche, concevant et coordonnant des projets sur l’emploi des jeunes, les NEET et leur inclusion sociale, ainsi que sur la participation des femmes au marché du travail. En 2017, il est devenu directeur de recherche senior au sein de l’unité Politiques sociales, où il a dirigé de nouvelles recherches sur le suivi de la convergence dans l’UE. En plus de travailler sur l’enquête européenne sur la qualité de vie, il dirige également la préparation et l’analyse des enquêtes en ligne sur la COVID-19. Auparavant, il était responsable scientifique au Centre commun de recherche de la Commission européenne. Il a étudié à l’Université de Florence, où il s’est spécialisé en actuariat et en sciences statistiques et a obtenu un doctorat en statistiques appliquées. Il a été chercheur invité à l’Université de Sydney et à l’Université d’Aalborg et professeur invité à l’Académie pontificale des sciences sociales.
Tout le contenu pour Inégalité
Cette section donne accès à tout le contenu qui a été publié sur le thème.
