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Agreements

Agreements are the outcome of collective bargaining and social dialogue processes. Social partners are encouraged to negotiate and conclude collective agreements  that can then be implemented at European, national, regional, sectoral or company level.  Increasingly Union labour laws are shaped by agreements that the parties voluntarily enter into and by soft law mechanisms. 

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In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and...

26 Eanáir 2024
Publication
Research report

Eurofound expert(s)

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Christine Aumayr-Pintar is a senior research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound. Her current research topics include minimum wages, collectively agreed wages and gender...

Senior research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (40)

In this pilot project, Eurofound successfully established the feasibility of, and piloted, an EU-wide database of minimum pay rates contained in collective agreements related to low-paid workers. A conceptual and measurement framework was devised, a total of 692 collective agreements – related to 24

26 January 2024

This report explores EU Member States’ legislation around the right to disconnect and assesses the impact of company policies in this area on employees’ hours of connection, working time, work–life balance, health and well-being, and overall workplace satisfaction.

30 November 2023

This report examines the average weekly working hours across Europe in 2021 and 2022. It covers important developments resulting from legislative reforms in collective bargaining at national or sectoral level, drawing on debates about the reduction of working time and the four-day working week.

24 October 2023

Automation and digitisation technologies, including artificial intelligence, are rapidly evolving and becoming increasingly powerful and pervasive. The full range of their effects in the workplace is yet to be seen. It is, however, important not only to explore the ethical implications of digital te

12 September 2023

After a long period of price stability, inflation has made a remarkable comeback in the EU. While nominal wages picked up in 2021 and 2022, real wage growth has remained below inflation, affecting mainly low-income groups.

06 September 2023

This report investigates the involvement of social partners in the just transition to a climate-neutral economy, with a particular focus on the territorial just transition plans. These plans aim to support the regions most negatively affected by the just transition by assisting workers to retrain

19 July 2023

This report is carried out in the context of the three-year pilot project (2021–2023), ‘Role of the minimum wage in establishing the Universal Labour Guarantee’, mandated to Eurofound by the European Commission. Its focus is module 3 of the project, investigating minimum wages and other forms of pay

30 November 2022

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

This report sets out to map and analyse legislation and collective bargaining on telework in the 27 Member States and Norway. It highlights the main cross-country differences and similarities regarding telework legislation and recent changes to these regulations. It also examines the current situati

01 September 2022

This report analyses recent developments and emerging practices in collective bargaining processes and outcomes, mainly in the private sector. The report covers collective bargaining systems in 10 EU Member States and is based on cases identified through interviews with key stakeholders and

31 August 2022

Online resources results (321)

Lithuania: Social partners sign memorandum of cooperation to implement Youth Guarantee

In January 2014, social partners agreed to cooperate in implementing the Youth Guarantee in Lithuania. They will seek to ensure that young people acquire the appropriate competencies and qualifications and be offered a job or continued education/training within four months of leaving education or

Most public sector unions back pay cuts

Early in 2013, Slovenia was on the brink of needing the help of the Troika – the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund – to support its ailing national finances. On 20 May 2013, the Slovenian government and public sector trade unions concluded an

Mixed reaction to creation of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles

An alliance between the Fiat Group [1] and the Chrysler Group [2] dates back to 2009. The two groups announced they had signed a preliminary agreement for the creation of a strategic global alliance on 20 January 2009. On 10 June 2009 they signed another agreement, which meant Fiat would acquire 20%

Rise in ‘mutual agreements’ between the social partners

Mutual agreements between trade unions and employer groups in Hungary are fairly common. They have traditionally been agreed between the country’s largest employers’ confederation, the Confederation of Hungarian Employers and Industrialists (MGYOSZ [1]) and the largest union group, the National

Cross-border project aims to protect rights of migrant workers

More than 18.5% of legal EU immigrants in Cyprus are Bulgarians. In 2013, workers’ organisations launched the ‘Information Bridge – Bulgaria-Cyprus’ project, part of the Cooperation Framework Agreement concluded in February 2012 by the two trade union confederations, the Confederation of Independent

Milestone agreement signed on union representativeness and representation

In recent years, issues of representativeness and workplace representation have come to the forefront of public debate on industrial relations. Particularly contentious has been the conclusion of ‘separate agreements’ signed by only some of the major trade union confederations or their affiliated

Longer hours for bank staff

The 2013–2016 Haddington Road Agreement [1] sets out a range of wage reductions for up to 287,000 public service employees in return for a government commitment to make no compulsory redundancies. [1] http://www.per.gov.ie/haddington-road-agreement/

Trend toward collective agreements with no fixed pay increase

The National Mediation Office (MI [1]) in Sweden recently released its yearly report, revealing a trend towards collective agreements that set no fixed pay increase during the bargaining round of 2013. Although this trend has been seen in previous years, the increase in 2013 was significant. [1]

New agreement on pay and training in chemicals sector

The German Federation of Chemicals Employers’ Associations (BAVC [1]) and the Mining, Chemicals and Energy Industrial Union (IG BCE [2]) announced in a press release (in German, 121 KB PDF) [3] that they had concluded a new collective agreement on 5 February 2014. Only nine local and two sectoral

Tube strike prompts calls for tougher strike laws

On 4–6 February 2014, a 48-hour strike was held by London Underground staff belonging to the National Union of Rail, Maritime and Transport Workers (RMT [1]) and the Transport Salaried Staffs Association (TSSA [2]), causing extensive travel disruption for people living and working in London. [1]


Blogs results (2)
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Minimum wages have risen significantly in 2022, as the EU Member States leave behind the cautious mood of the pandemic. However, rising inflation is eating up these wage increases, and only flexibility in the regular minimum wage setting processes may avoid generalised losses in purchasing power

15 Meitheamh 2022
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Whatever the benefits of telework – and there are many, including more flexible working time, increased productivity and less commuting – there are drawbacks, as many of the one-third of Europeans who were exclusively working from home during the pandemic will attest. Primary among these is the ‘alw

3 Nollaig 2020

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