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Employee representation

Employee representation may be defined as the right of employees to seek a union or individual to represent them for the purpose of negotiating with management on such issues as wages, hours, benefits and working conditions. In the workplace, workers may be represented by trade union and through works councils – or similar structures elected by all employees. EU law has established rights and obligations for employees and their representatives to be informed and consulted via a set of directives that provide for the information and consultation of the workers, at both national and international level.

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Eurofound expert(s)

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Ricardo Rodriguez Contreras is a research manager in the Working Life unit at Eurofound and focuses on comparative industrial relations, social dialogue and collective bargaining...

Research manager,
Working life research unit
Publications results (74)

Previous Eurofound research developed three complementary tools to examine the dynamics of industrial relations and compare how national industrial relations systems are faring in terms of quality and change over time.

05 December 2023

This working paper investigates the practical implementation of the European Works Council (EWC) Directive at company level. It explores the challenges faced by existing EWCs and provides examples of solutions identified and remaining issues from the point of view of both workers and management. In

25 October 2022

U okviru svojeg mandata, koji uključuje i obvezu promicanja dijaloga među socijalnim partnerima, Eurofound već dulje od 40 godina prati i analizira promjene u sustavima radnih odnosa na razini EU-a i njegovih država članica. Ovo se ključno izvješće temelji na radu Eurofounda u tom području tijekom

11 December 2020

Megatrends, such as digitalisation, globalisation, demographic change and climate change, are transforming the world of work, with knock-on effects for working conditions and job quality. Against this background, this report examines working conditions and job quality from a sectoral perspective

05 November 2020

The aim of this report is to add to the discussion on how Eurofound can contribute to supporting capacity building of social partners for effective social dialogue. The report includes a review by Eurofound aimed at identifying the capacity-building needs and initiatives of social partners in

10 September 2020

This study examines the interaction between social dialogue practices and human resources management (HRM) policies in European multinational companies (MNCs). It looks at the changing role of HRM and its interaction with European Works Councils (EWCs), which can act as a link between different

16 June 2020

In light of the limited action in many Member States to introduce or review gender pay transparency instruments as recommended, in November 2017 the European Commission announced the possible need for further targeted measures at EU level. This report reviews experiences in four Member States –

07 February 2018

This topical update looks at the issue of employee involvement and participation at work, specifically reviewing recent pieces of research at EU and national level, EU directives, changes in the legal framework, social partner initiatives and debates identified in EurWORK quarterly reports during

25 October 2016

This report maps, analyses and discusses key dimensions and indicators for a comparative framework of industrial relations. It then identifies and assesses existing data sources that can be used to measure the different dimensions of the comparative framework.

30 September 2016

Well-functioning social dialogue is a key component for the successful design and implementation of reforms needed to increase the competitiveness of Europe’s economies and create more jobs. It balances workers’ and employers’ interests and contributes to both economic competitiveness and social

06 September 2016

Online resources results (298)

New deal on social dialogue in insurance sector

Reforms in trade union law are giving individual workers greater powers to select their representatives at company level. The transition phase for these reforms, set out in law on 20 August 2008, is expected to last until 2017. Before this reform, the status of representativeness by a trade union

Works council elections 2010 – survey results

On 1 February 2011, the Cologne Institute for Economic Research (IW Köln [1]) presented the results (in German, 220Kb PDF) [2] of the latest works council elections held between March and May 2010. There is no public register of works councils, and the results of the works council elections are not

Government’s final proposal on modernising industrial relations

In February 2006, in a joint memorandum entitled /Legal Enactment and Legislation of the Right of Workers to Join a Trade Union Organisation and Bargain Collectively/, the country’s main trade union organisations – the Democratic Labour Federation of Cyprus (DEOK [1]), Pancyprian Federation of

Decline of the Danish shop steward

According to a recent study by Trine P. Larsen, Steen E. Navrbjerg and Mikkel Møller Johansen at the Employment Relations Research Centre ( FAOS [1]), University of Copenhagen, only one in two Danish workplaces have a shop steward (workplace union members’ representative [2]). The study /Shop

Labour authority fines Hankook for obstructing union

In 2006, the Korean tyre company Hankook chose Hungary to be the centre of its European supply operations and received more than €100 million from the Hungarian government to support the investment. The factory opened in 2007 and ever since there have been regular industrial disputes between

No agreement on extending worker representation

In March 2010, a public committee set up to review the state of industrial democracy in Norway presented its recommendations in the form of a comprehensive report (in Norwegian) [1] (NOU 2010: 1). The recommendations show that there is a general consensus about the importance of the present

Extended international framework agreement at PSA Peugeot Citroën

The PSA Peugeot Citroën Group [1] has 190,000 employees worldwide, including 104,500 in France and 61,200 in Europe. It operates in 160 countries, generating one third of its sales outside Europe. The group owns two major subsidiaries: Faurecia [2] (52,715 employees) and Gefco [3] (9,620 employees)

Reform of representativeness and social dialogue

In August 2008, the French parliament adopted a law on ‘social democracy and working time [1] reform’, which has radically changed the rules regarding trade union representativeness [2]. By 2012, the majority rule (which states that a trade union affiliated to a representative confederation at

Trade union rights for police officers

The Employment and Industrial Relations Act (EIRA) (216Kb PDF) [1], which regulates labour relations in Malta, defines ‘employment’ in relation to a trade dispute as any relationship whereby one person does work or performs services for another, ‘other than a service as a member of a disciplined

Assessing employee representation and collective bargaining coverage

The Institute for Employment Research (Institut für Arbeitsmarktforschung, IAB [1]) of the Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit, BA [2]) hosts the IAB Establishment Panel (IAB-Betriebspanel [3]), from which it derived the latest data on collective bargaining [4] coverage and employee


Blogs results (1)
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Trade unions in many EU Member States face the issue of declining membership. This is a fundamental challenge for organised labour, but it is premature to speak about the redundancy unions: when it comes to important decisions affecting the workplace, restructuring being one, trade unions remain a

20 studenog 2019
Data results (1)
24 listopada 2023
Reference period:

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